Basic knowledge of air conditioning 1. Basic knowledge of air conditioning
Basic knowledge of air conditioning; Air conditioning is a device that processes the temperature, humidity, purity and airflow speed of air to meet the needs of people's production and life, which is called "air conditioning" for short.
Air conditioners are classified by appearance: air conditioners can be divided into window type, split wall type, split cabinet type, ceiling type, embedded type and small central air conditioner. Window air conditioner: indoor and outdoor units are integrated, suitable for small rooms, easy to install, cheap, but noisy.
∷ Split wall-mounted air conditioner: not limited by installation location, it is easier to match with indoor decoration, with low noise and high installation quality. Split vertical exhaust air conditioner: high power, strong wind, suitable for large-area rooms, but loud noise, etc.
∷ Ceiling air conditioner: It occupies a small area on the ground, with long air supply distance and good refrigeration effect, but it is not easy to clean due to the limitation of installation location. ∷ Embedded air conditioner: It occupies a small floor area, has elegant appearance, wide air supply area and good refrigeration effect, but it is too common to make a fork and the price of coffee is too high.
Small central air conditioner: elegant appearance, good quality, fast cooling speed, small floor space and long maintenance period. Air conditioners are generally divided into single cooling type, cold and warm type and electric auxiliary heating type according to their functions.
Single cooling type: suitable for areas with hot summer and warm winter, or areas with sufficient heating in winter. ∷ Cold and warm type: suitable for hot summer and cold winter areas; And attention should be paid to the selection of air conditioners with heating capacity greater than cooling capacity; To ensure the heating effect.
Electric auxiliary heating cabinet air conditioner: In addition to the general characteristics of cabinet air conditioner, electric auxiliary heating elements are added to ensure strong heating in winter. Improper use of air conditioners by users, or accidents caused by objective factors such as changes in surrounding conditions and external electricity consumption have caused some immaterial faults, and families are eager to have them repaired for a period of time, thus increasing the real faults caused by human beings, not only increasing expenses, but also affecting the normal life and work of their families in hot summer days.
Therefore, this paper is intended to help readers improve their knowledge of using household air conditioners and improve their quality of life. First, it can't be started immediately after shutdown.
Otherwise, there will be a liquid hammer in the compressor, which will damage the parts and affect the service life of the compressor. (also known as delay protector) can automatically play the role of delay protection.
It is normal that the microcomputer three-minute protection timer of the new intelligent air conditioner cannot be started within three minutes. Second, the air conditioner sometimes makes a "knock" sound in the first ten minutes.
The shell material of air conditioner is a thin ivory embossed plastic, which is light in weight and elegant in appearance, but it will be produced with the physical phenomenon of thermal expansion and cold contraction with the change of temperature. Therefore, the "crackling" sound of the air conditioner is the sound produced by the tiny deformation of the shell, not a fault. Third, when the air conditioner is running, some products will occasionally make a "rushing" sound similar to running water.
This is the process of air conditioning operation, and the state of internal refrigerant is constantly changing, from liquid to gas, and then from gas to liquid. This normal physical phenomenon flows at a certain speed in the refrigeration system. Due to certain resistance, it is normal to produce the "rushing" sound of running water.
Fourth, the wind has a slight odor. Some people think that the smelly air from the air conditioner is caused by freon leakage.
But in fact, freon is tasteless, and its smell comes from indoor smoke and other smells. The new air conditioner can not only remove tiny dust particles, but also remove odor such as smoke smell through the strong adsorption of activated carbon high-efficiency filter layer, which greatly improves the air purification effect.
Fifth, the indoor temperature can't drop. You can try the air outlet and air outlet temperature of the air conditioner by hand first. If it is normal, the air conditioner is trouble-free.
The reasons may be that there are many people in the room, excessive heat dissipation, high outdoor temperature, open windows and curtains, heat sources near the air conditioner, frequent door opening and closing, etc. Six, refrigeration operation, indoor ventilation is not smooth, the wind is not too cold.
New air conditioners generally use three layers of filter screens, namely nylon mesh, electrostatic filter layer and activated carbon filter layer, which have high filtration efficiency and strong air purification ability, but the cleaning cycle of filter screens is shortened. If it is not cleaned in time, when the mesh is blocked, it will cause traffic jam, reduce the air volume and slow down the temperature.
2. Basic knowledge of air conditioning
Domestic air conditioners generally use mechanical compression refrigeration devices, which have four basic components: compressor, evaporator, condenser and throttling device, which are connected with each other and filled with refrigerant (also called refrigeration working medium).
The compressor is like a rushing heart, which makes the refrigerant flow continuously in the air conditioner like blood, thus adjusting the room temperature. Refrigerant usually exists in several forms: liquid, gas and gas-liquid mixture.
During the mutual transformation of these states, heat will be absorbed and released, which will cause the change of external environment temperature. In the process of transforming gas into liquid, that is, the so-called liquefaction process, heat will be released; On the contrary, the process of changing from liquid to gas, called vaporization (including evaporation and boiling), absorbs heat from the outside.
First, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is sucked into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas; Then the gaseous refrigerant flows to the outdoor condenser and gradually condenses into high-pressure liquid in the process of radiating heat to the outdoor; Then the pressure is reduced by the throttling device (the temperature is also reduced), and it becomes a gas-liquid mixture with low temperature and low pressure. At this time, the refrigerant mixed with gas and liquid can exert the "power" of air conditioning refrigeration: it enters the indoor evaporator and evaporates continuously by absorbing the heat in the indoor air, so that the indoor temperature is reduced, and at the same time it becomes low-pressure gas and enters the compressor again.
So that the air conditioner can continue to work. Refrigerant is amazing! How does it condense at high temperature to give off heat to the outside world and evaporate at low temperature to absorb it? This is related to the nature of the refrigerant itself. As we all know, it is difficult to cook eggs at the top of the mountain, but with pressure cooker, fish, meat and other foods can be cooked quickly. This is because the saturation temperature (usually called boiling point) of water increases with the increase of pressure.
Therefore, when the atmospheric pressure is lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of water is lower than 100 degrees Celsius and higher than 100 degrees Celsius. Similarly, the saturation temperature of the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant coming out of the compressor is higher than the outdoor air temperature.
After continuous heat dissipation and liquefaction, its temperature is still very high, and even after it completely turns into liquid, it continues to dissipate heat to outdoor air; However, indoors, the situation is just the opposite. Because the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are greatly reduced by the throttling device, its saturation temperature is lower than the indoor air temperature, so it can continuously absorb heat from the indoor air. It turns out that air conditioning does not violate the second law of thermodynamics.
It changes the state of refrigerant by consuming mechanical energy, and then transfers heat from low-temperature objects to high-temperature environments. Just now, we analyzed the working principle of refrigeration cycle of household air conditioner in detail. If air conditioner is needed to heat the room in cold winter, the function of air conditioner is to release the heat absorbed from outdoor low temperature environment into indoor air and maintain indoor temperature.
Think about how to arrange the four main components of the air conditioner and how to circulate the refrigerant in the system. Air conditioning is actually the abbreviation of "air conditioning", which refers to sending the treated air into the room in a certain way to control the indoor temperature, humidity and noise within the required range. It not only provides comfortable temperature conditions for people to live and stay, but also has been greatly applied and popularized in various fields of the national economy (such as national defense, transportation, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, aviation, instrumentation, electronics, medicine, food industry, agriculture, etc.) with the development of industry and the progress of science and technology. ) has become an important condition for promoting production development, improving technical level and improving scientific research.
3. Basic knowledge of air conditioning
The reasons for the failure are:
(1) The refrigeration system is seriously dirty and blocked, so it should be removed in time.
(2) There is serious ice jam in the refrigeration system.
(3) Residual air or other non-condensable gases in the refrigeration system cause high pressure.
(4) The fan does not turn or the speed is too slow, and the circulating air volume is insufficient.
(5) Refrigerant leakage or serious shortage.
(6) The high and low pressure valves of the compressor are damaged or the paper pad is punctured, so it is difficult for the refrigeration system to form high and low pressure and cannot refrigerate.
(7) After air conditioning maintenance, the replaced capillary tube is too long or too short, and the inner diameter is too large or too small, which leads to the increase or decrease of refrigerant flow and affects the refrigeration effect.
(8) Improper installation of air conditioner and cold running around the box; Either by the sun or too close to the heat source.
(9) The air-conditioned room is too large, the doors are frequently opened and closed, or there are gaps in the doors and windows, resulting in more cooling leakage.
Users can adopt different maintenance methods according to different reasons.
The landlord can visit my space. There is a detailed introduction there.
4. Air conditioning common sense
Attention should be paid to the use of household air conditioners:
First, be sure to clean the dust on the air conditioner filter before use; Then soaking the filter screen with disinfectant; If possible, it is best to dust the indoor fan with a vacuum cleaner before use; And regularly disinfect the air conditioning filter;
Second, open the window and ventilate for a quarter of an hour while turning on the computer every day. When it is used for the first time, it should be ventilated for a period of time to let the bacteria, molds and mites accumulated in the air conditioner distribute as much as possible;
Third, don't turn on the air conditioner indoors for too long. It is best to open the window often for air exchange, reduce the concentration of toxic gases indoors and inject fresh air regularly; Smoking is strictly prohibited in the room;
Fourth, we should pay attention to adjusting the indoor and outdoor temperature difference, generally not exceeding 8- 10 degrees Celsius.
5. Pay attention not to spray pesticides or volatile liquids on the air conditioner when it is running, so as to avoid accidents caused by electric leakage;
Six, children, the elderly and patients should pay more attention to the rational and scientific use of air conditioning in the room.
How to use air conditioning at home in summer?
If the air conditioner is turned on below 30 degrees, it is not appropriate to turn on the air conditioner at home.
Air conditioning opening index level 3
Grade I: Above 35℃, air relative humidity is above 80%, and the wind force is small, so it is very suitable for air conditioning. The suitable time is from afternoon to night, and the optimum temperature is 27℃.
Grade II: Above 30℃, the air relative humidity is 60% to 80%, it is windy and suitable for air conditioning. The suitable time is from 2 pm to 5 pm, and the optimum temperature is 26℃.
Grade III: below 30℃, air relative humidity 50% to 70%, windy, not suitable for air conditioning.
5. Common sense of correct use of air conditioning
Some common sense of correct use of air conditioning
1, the temperature setting is appropriate, because when the air conditioner is cooling, if the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is too large, it is easy to make people get "air conditioning disease", so it is recommended to set the air conditioner at an acceptable temperature when using it.
2. When the air conditioner cools, the position of the air deflector is adjusted to the horizontal direction, and the cooling effect will be better.
3. Keep the air outlet open, and don't pile up large pieces of furniture to hinder air circulation.
4. Unplug the power supply when the air conditioner is not used for a long time, because the standby state will also consume electricity.
5. Never place heavy objects on the outdoor unit. There should be no obstacles around the outdoor unit.
6. Before restarting the machine, please carefully check whether the drain pipe of the indoor unit is blocked by sundries to prevent water from flowing back.
7, use a separate socket, not with other electrical appliances * * *; Do not change the running state of the air conditioner when the machine is running.
8. Clean the air conditioner with a soft cloth dipped in a small amount of neutral detergent. When cleaning, the water temperature is lower than 40℃ to avoid shrinkage and deformation of the shell and panel.
9. The indoor air inlet filter shall be cleaned once every 15 days, and the outdoor unit shall be dedusted regularly.
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10. If the air conditioner is found to be faulty, don't use it reluctantly, so as not to expand the fault, cut off the power immediately and ask the after-sales professionals to repair it in time.
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1 1. When the air conditioner is not in use or in rainy days, cut off the power supply of the air conditioner in time to avoid machine failure caused by power connection.
6. Air conditioning knowledge telling
Air conditioning is an air conditioner, which is a unit used to provide processing air to a space area (usually closed). Its function is to adjust the temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air flow of indoor (or enclosed space or area) air to meet the requirements of human comfort or technological process.
Working principle:
The compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and then sends it to the condenser (outdoor unit) for heat dissipation, and then becomes a normal-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, so the outdoor unit blows out hot air.
Then enter the capillary and enter the evaporator (indoor unit). Because the space suddenly increases and the pressure decreases after the refrigerant reaches the evaporator from the capillary, the liquid refrigerant will vaporize and become a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, thus absorbing a lot of heat, and the evaporator will become cold. The fan of the indoor unit blows out indoor air from the evaporator, so the indoor unit blows out cold air. Water vapor in the air will condense into water droplets when it meets a cold evaporator and flow out along the water pipe, which is why air conditioners produce water.
Then the gaseous refrigerant returns to the compressor to continue compression and circulation.
When heating, there is a component called four-way valve, which makes the refrigerant flow in the condenser and evaporator in the opposite direction to that during refrigeration, so when heating, cold air is blown to the outside and hot air is blown to the room. In fact, it is the principle that junior high school physics has learned that heat is discharged when liquefied (from gas to liquid) and heat is absorbed when vaporized (from liquid to gas).
Function of air conditioner
Refrigeration: In the design and manufacture of air conditioners, the temperature is generally allowed to be controlled between 16~32℃. If the temperature is set too low, on the one hand, it will increase unnecessary power consumption; on the other hand, when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is too large, people can't adapt to the temperature change quickly when entering and leaving the room, and it is easy to catch a cold.
Dehumidification: air conditioning is accompanied by dehumidification during refrigeration. The relative humidity of the comfortable environment should be around 40~60%. When the relative humidity is too high, such as above 90%, people still feel bad even if the temperature is within the comfortable range.
Temperature rise: both heat pump and electric air conditioner have temperature rise function. The heating capacity gradually decreases with the decrease of outdoor ambient temperature, and it can hardly meet the heating requirements at -5℃.
Purified air: The air contains a certain amount of harmful gases such as NH3 and SO2, as well as various smells such as sweat, body odor and toilet odor.
Increase the concentration of negative ions in the air: the concentration of charged particles in the air will affect human comfort. Installing negative ion generator on air conditioner can increase the negative ion degree of air and make the environment more comfortable, which has certain medical effect on lowering blood pressure and inhibiting asthma.
7. Basic knowledge of air conditioning
Domestic air conditioners generally use mechanical compression refrigeration devices, which have four basic components: compressor, evaporator, condenser and throttling device, which are connected with each other and filled with refrigerant (also called refrigeration working medium).
The compressor is like a rushing heart, which makes the refrigerant flow continuously in the air conditioner like blood, thus adjusting the room temperature. Refrigerant usually exists in several forms: liquid, gas and gas-liquid mixture.
During the mutual transformation of these states, heat will be absorbed and released, which will cause the change of external environment temperature. In the process of transforming gas into liquid, that is, the so-called liquefaction process, heat will be released; On the contrary, the process of changing from liquid to gas, called vaporization (including evaporation and boiling), absorbs heat from the outside.
First, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is sucked into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas; Then the gaseous refrigerant flows to the outdoor condenser and gradually condenses into high-pressure liquid in the process of radiating heat to the outdoor; Then the pressure is reduced by the throttling device (the temperature is also reduced), and it becomes a gas-liquid mixture with low temperature and low pressure. At this time, the refrigerant mixed with gas and liquid can exert the "power" of air conditioning refrigeration: it enters the indoor evaporator and evaporates continuously by absorbing the heat in the indoor air, so that the indoor temperature is reduced, and at the same time it becomes low-pressure gas and enters the compressor again.
So that the air conditioner can continue to work. Refrigerant is amazing! How does it condense at high temperature to give off heat to the outside world and evaporate at low temperature to absorb it? This is related to the nature of the refrigerant itself. As we all know, it is difficult to cook eggs at the top of the mountain, but with pressure cooker, fish, meat and other foods can be cooked quickly. This is because the saturation temperature (usually called boiling point) of water increases with the increase of pressure.
Therefore, when the atmospheric pressure is lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of water is lower than 100 degrees Celsius and higher than 100 degrees Celsius. Similarly, the saturation temperature of the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant coming out of the compressor is higher than the outdoor air temperature.
After continuous heat dissipation and liquefaction, its temperature is still very high, and even after it completely turns into liquid, it continues to dissipate heat to outdoor air; However, indoors, the situation is just the opposite. Because the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are greatly reduced by the throttling device, its saturation temperature is lower than the indoor air temperature, so it can continuously absorb heat from the indoor air. It turns out that air conditioning does not violate the second law of thermodynamics.
It changes the state of refrigerant by consuming mechanical energy, and then transfers heat from low-temperature objects to high-temperature environments. Just now, we analyzed the working principle of refrigeration cycle of household air conditioner in detail. If air conditioner is needed to heat the room in cold winter, the function of air conditioner is to release the heat absorbed from outdoor low temperature environment into indoor air and maintain indoor temperature.
Think about how to arrange the four main components of the air conditioner and how to circulate the refrigerant in the system. Air conditioning is actually the abbreviation of "air conditioning", which refers to sending the treated air into the room in a certain way to control the indoor temperature, humidity and noise within the required range. It not only provides comfortable temperature conditions for people to live and stay, but also has been greatly applied and popularized in various fields of the national economy (such as national defense, transportation, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, aviation, instrumentation, electronics, medicine, food industry, agriculture, etc.) with the development of industry and the progress of science and technology. ) has become an important condition for promoting production development, improving technical level and improving scientific research.