Hainan Island - a bright pearl on the South China Sea, the second largest island after Taiwan. The lowest? China's largest province in terms of land area and sea area. Total land area of ? 33920 square kilometers. 1714700 hectares of forest area, forest cover reaches 51%. Tropical natural forests have accounted for about half of the province's forest area since 1994, and logging has been completely halted, protected and restored. Rubber plantation species, eucalyptus, Mucuna pruriens, Acacia, foreign pine, mango, longan, lychee, coconut, betel nut and other tropical fruit trees. The main forest products are tropical fruits, paper and wood chips, rubber and rubber wood, pine wood with turpentine, nanmao and so on. Hainan is located in the tropics, is located in longitude 108 degrees 37 minutes -111 degrees 05 minutes, latitude 18 degrees 10 minutes -20 degrees 10 minutes between the average annual temperature of 23-25? ° C, the coldest February average 16-20 ° C, the hottest August 25-29 ° C, the average annual precipitation of 1500 mm. There are long summers and no winters. Thousands of miles of ice in the north, there is still warm air warm time you can sea bathe. The area of the island? An area of about 34,000 square kilometers, with a total population of 7 million, Li, Miao, Hui, about 120 people.
Hawaii is at the same latitude as Hainan Island, can be developed into a world-class tourist destination tourism resources throughout the 1528-kilometer-long coastline, the island's year-round climate is pleasant, rich in four seasons of birdsong and flowers, mineral, animal and plant resources, especially oil and natural gas reserves are very considerable. Cultivated tropical rainforests and mangrove forests are rare forest types in China, ideal for scientific research, tourism and teaching. More than 4,200 species of plants have been discovered, accounting for 15% of plant species and nearly 600 species of Hainan Special. 4200 kinds of plants, 1400 kinds of trees and shrubs, accounting for 28.6% of the species of trees and shrubs, including 800 kinds of timber species of high economic value; more than 2500 kinds of medicinal plants, medicinal plants accounted for about 30% of the country, including 137 kinds of plants with anticancer effect; 142 kinds of fruit trees 89 kinds of oilseeds, other economic plants nearly 200 kinds. Reptile wildlife 104 species, accounting for 29.5% of the country, 76 species of mammals, accounting for 18.6% of the country. Hainan's rich biodiversity occupies a very important position in China, and the protection of biodiversity is one of the priorities of the Forestry Bureau of Hainan Province. Now, are listed in the national key protection of 58 species of plants, including one, two 19, 338 species, 133 species of animals, including 14 species of national level, two 87 species, 32 species of provincial protection.
Hainan Island in the middle of the Asia-Pacific Economic Circle, north of the Qiongzhou Strait, Leizhou Peninsula opposite, including Hainan Island and the Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, Dongsha Islands coral reefs and their territorial waters. The central part of the island is surrounded by the Wuzhishan Mountains, the Lemueling Mountains and the width of the plateau from the plains. The island has become one of China's top 10 airports, Haikou Airport and Sanya Phoenix Airport, surrounded by island highways, high-star hotels across the province and other modern facilities, providing people with high-grade food, shelter, travel, tours, shopping, entertainment, and tourist conditions. Suitable climate and excellent sandy beaches, all beaches and ideal summer resorts, Sanya City Luhuitou Toa Cage Bay, East China Sea, Tianya Haijiao, Haikou City Xiuyinghai, Wenchang County Qinglan Bay, Haiyong City Qiong-Po, Tonggu Ling north and south coast of Lingshui County Monkey Island, Dongfang County Ichthyosis Chau. Wonders (such as Qiongshan?). "underwater villages and Ma'anling lava caves, etc.), along the coast there are volcanic eruptions and usually much talked about Lingshui County, South China Sea Monkey Island Wuzhishan Hainan Island, mangrove coastal landscape. The main peak, extraordinarily majestic. Qiongzhong Qiongya Column former site compared to the modern revolutionary memorial site of the Li, but only distributed on Hainan Island, population of about 700,000 people, they are good at weaving, printing and dyeing, clothing, food and drink have distinctive ethnic characteristics, to become Hainan's main ethnic customs tourism resources.
Hainan Island, the charming sea water, white sandy beaches, bright sunshine, the scenery of the underwater world and the legendary color of the minority customs will make you come back. Four seasons such as spring flowers, fruits, sunshine, beach, sea water, air, is a passionate and charming Li, Miao girls thriving leisure spa, all exudes the special charm of this tropical island.
Two, geography and climate
Location of the territory:
Hainan is located in the southernmost tip of China, north of the Qiongzhou Strait delimiting Guangdong Province, west, north of the Gulf of Tonkin and Vietnam Democracy **** and the State of the South China Sea in the entire South China Sea and Taiwan Province of the East, Southeast, and south of the South China Sea in the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia. Nearby. The administrative area of Hainan Province, Hainan Island and the Xisha Islands, Dongsha Islands, Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. The total area is 35,000 square kilometers of land in the province (including Hainan Island and the Xisha, Paracel, and Spratly Islands), and about 2 million square kilometers of sea. Hainan Island has the shape of a large northeast-southwest oval Sydney, with a total area of 33,900 square kilometers (excluding satellite islands), and is the second-largest island in China after Taiwan Island. The width of the Qiongzhou Strait between Hainan
Island and the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province is 18 nautical miles, and Zengmuqiansha in the Spratly Islands is China's southernmost territory.
Mountains and rivers:
Hainan Island mountains between 500-800 meters, most in fact, hilly and low mountainous terrain. 81 peaks above 1,000 meters above sea level, rolling low hills Changguan. Peaks over 1500 meters above sea level are the Wuzhishan Mountains, Parrot Ridge, Russian Mane Ridge, Monkey Mee
Ridge, Jakarta Ridge, and Hanging Rock Mountains. These mountains are roughly in the three main mountain ranges, Wuzhishan Mountain Range, the main peak elevation of 1867.1 meters, in central Hainan Island, is the highest mountain in Hainan Island Parrot Mountain Range, located in the northwestern part of the city of Wuzhishan, the main peak of 1811.6 meters above sea level above Jakarta Ridge mountain range in the western part of the island, the main peak elevation of 1519.1 meters. Hainan Island central high surrounded by low-lying terrain, most of the rivers originate in the central mountainous areas, composed of the radial water system. 154 islands, wide rivers flowing into the sea, only the watershed area of more than 1 million square kilometers, there are 38. Nandu River, Changhua
River, Wanquan River, 47% of the area of the three major rivers in Hainan Island, three rivers of the basin area of ? The entire island. Diagonally across the island, into the sea Nandu River originates in Baysha County, South China Mountain, north of Haikou City, Qiongshan City, a total length of 311 kilometers, Changhua County River originates in Qiongzhong empty performance of the Ridge, running through the western island of Hainan, into the sea of Changhua Hong Kong, a total length of 230 kilometers; Wanquan River upstream of the north or south of the two, respectively, originated in Qiongzhong County, Wuzhi Mountain and Windgate Ridge, flow of the Longjiang Heckui, Qionghai City, joining the sea into the Boao Hong Kong, a total of 163 km of the main stream! The total length of the mainstream is 163 kilometers.
Climate:
Hainan is our most characteristic tropical marine climate, warm and hot all year round, abundant rainfall, wet and dry seasons, usually windy, tropical storms and typhoons, different climate resources. Hainan Island's total annual solar radiation is about 110-140 kcal/cm2, annual sunshine hours are 2650 to 50 years time, light is 50 - 60%. In the west coast area, the number of hours of sunshine at least seasonally a basis point, the central mountainous areas, in the summer, spring, autumn, winter and order from more to less. The average annual temperature is 23-25 degrees Celsius, southwest of the central mountains. Winterless years, from January to February, the coldest average temperature of 16-24 degrees Celsius, the average extreme cold most of the more than 5 degrees Celsius. Summer from mid-March to early November, July to August, the average temperature in the highest month of 25-29 degrees Celsius. West, Spratly Islands is a tropical marine climate, long summer without winter, the average annual temperature of 26.5 degrees Celsius. Hainan Island island-wide average annual rainfall of 1600 millimeters, most of the rainfall. East wet west dry obviously. In the center of Shandong average annual rainfall of about 2000 to 2400 mm rainy center, the western dry areas of the annual rainfall of about 1000-1200 mm. The seasonal distribution of rainfall is uneven. Winter and spring are dry, and the dry season lasts as little as 6-7 months, from November to April and May of the following year. Summer and fall precipitation from May to October is the rainy season, the rainy season total rainfall of about 1500 millimeters, annual rainfall frontal rain, hot thunderstorms, typhoon storms, rain sources accounted for 70% -90%. Hainan Island humidity throughout the year, the annual average vapor pressure of about 23 hPa (Qiongzhong) to 26 hPa (Sanya). Central and eastern coastal humid areas, semi-arid areas, other parts of the southwest coast semi-humid area.
Third, Hainan's resources
Land resources: Hainan Island is China's largest tropical treasure, with a total land area of 3.442 million hectares, accounting for about 42.5% of the country's tropical land area. Can be used for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, land per capita about 0.48 hectares. Due to the favorable conditions of light, heat, water, biological growth and reproduction rate of temperate and subtropical excellent farmland throughout the year, can grow many crops can be harvested 2-3 times a year. Suitability zoning, Hainan Island's land resources can be categorized into seven types: agricultural land gum, should be hot and suitable for forests, suitable for pasture land water land and other land. At present, Hainan Island's development and utilization of land 3,152,000 hectares, undeveloped land area of about 260,000 hectares, of which can be used for about 90% of the development and utilization of large-scale farming. Most of the developed and utilized wasteland is concentrated, which is suitable for reclamation works and mechanized farming. Hainan's rich land reserve resources development potential.
Crop resources: food crops Hainan plantation area is the largest and most widely distributed, the highest value of crops, mainly planted rice, dry rice, Shanlanpo rice, wheat, sweet potatoes, cassava, followed by taro, maize, sorghum, corn, beans and so on. Hemp, sugar cane, peanuts, sesame, tea and other cash crops, a wide variety of fruits, cultivated and wild fruits of 29 families, 53 genera, cultivated to form commercial fruits pineapple, lychee, longan, bananas, plantains, tangerines, oranges, mangoes, watermelons, poppies, pineapple honey, more than 120 varieties of vegetables. Hainan Island tropical crops rich in natural resources, the island's original growth, after 1949, more than 3,000 species of tropical plants introduced from abroad, more than 1,000 species of foreign useful plants from the excavation of more than 1,000 species of wildlife resources cultivation experiments
Experience has made remarkable achievements. At present, large areas of cultivated land, high economic value of tropical crops: rubber, coconut, oil palm, betel nut, pepper, sisal, lemongrass, cashew nuts, cocoa.
Plant resources: the growth of Hainan vegetation, is my plant's tropical rainforest, tropical monsoon rainforest in its native habitat. So far, Hainan Island has more than 4,000 species of vascular plants, accounting for about 1/7 of the country, of which more than Hainan's specific 600 species. More than 4,000 kinds of plant resources, medicinal plants more than 2,500 kinds of trees, shrubs more than 2,000 kinds, of which more than 800 kinds, high economic value, is listed as a national key to the protection of specialty and rare trees more than 20 kinds of fruits and trees (including wild fruit trees) 142 kinds of tropical ornamental more than 200 kinds of flowers and landscaping landscaping trees more than 70 kinds of aromatic plants, the largest reserves of plant resources in the tropical Forest community type of tropical forest vegetation vertical zoning is obvious, and there are mixed, multi-level, heterogeneous, evergreen, dry, canopy characteristics. Tropical forests are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan Jianfengling, Bawangling, Hangluo Mountain, Limu Mountain forests, Wuzhishan case, undeveloped primary forests. Tropical forests are known to produce valuable tropical timber throughout the country, more than 1,400 species of coniferous and broad-leaved species, 800 species of trees, 458 species, which are listed as the country's commercial timber, especially wood pear slope base sub Beijing, lychee, born 5, material class, 34 species, 48 species of two types of materials three materials suitable for shipbuilding and manufacturing of luxury furniture, 85 species of high-grade wood, 45 species Rare species, 119 species.
500 kinds of animal resources: Hainan terrestrial vertebrates, including amphibians, 37 kinds (11 kinds only seen in Hainan, listed as national specialty animals), 104 kinds of reptiles, 344 kinds of birds, 82 kinds of mammals (Hainan 21 kinds of Te) in. Rare and precious animals in the world: the world's four great apes of the black crested gibbon and one of the slope deer. Water deer, macaques, clouded leopards are very valuable. Southern Medicine Resources: Hainan's rich resources of medicinal herbs, plants and animals are known as the "natural storehouse said. More than 4,000 kinds of objects can be used as medicine, about 2,000 kinds, accounting for 40% of the national 500 Pharmacopoeia 137 after screening, anticancer plants, more than 30 kinds of Southern medicines, the most famous four major Southern medicines betel nut, Pueraria Mirifica, Serratia, Morinda Officinalis, animal ingredients and seafood medicinal resources nearly 50 kinds of pomelo, monkey balm, cowhock, andrographis paniculata, tortoiseshell, sea dragons, seahorses, sea serpents, amber, pearls, sea cucumbers, coral , clamshell, oyster, abalone, shark's fin, sea turtle plate.
Fourth, Hainan's largest part
Largest rubber production base - the first test-tube rubber seedlings
Island is the world's largest production, rubber production base, the land of rubber planting area has reached 4 million acres, the annual output of natural rubber production accounted for the country's production of part of the two-thirds. The first test tube rubber seedlings also successfully tested my island, in June 1983, Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute for their rubber seedlings transplanted field roar grand live and arbutus varieties, becoming the world's earliest record of rubber anther culture research.
As of birds and beasts
Compared with the rest of the motherland, Hainan has the largest number of most animal species and the only beasts, there are more than 70 species, more than 340 species of island
The oldest sea turtles the largest cultured pearls
We have the oldest existing turtles, which have been more than 300 years old. Weighing 240 pounds, he lived in the Xisha, escorted by Navy soldiers near Kingston in 1983, still in the Chinese Revolutionary Military Museum exhibition display spawning. Xisha Islands coastal plum cucumber, is the world's largest of more than 1,000 species of sea cucumbers with a body length of 60-70 centimeters, length 10 centimeters, width 8 centimeters high, and a maximum length of up to 90-120 centimeters Largest cultured pearl a white butterfly shell pearl 1981 Lingshui County Pearl Cultivation Diameter 15.5 x 19 centimeters
Largest maritime and southernmost territory
Province located in The rolling blue waves of the South China Sea, the largest marginal sea in the world. The widest range of islands in the South China Sea, coral reefs the southernmost sand, it is the southernmost Zengmu dark sand is China's southernmost territory.
Low latitude, the highest average annual temperature
Hainan is a province with the lowest latitude, the province's highest average annual temperature in the Xisha Islands average annual temperature of 26.5 ° C, the average temperature in January 17.3 ° C is minus 27.6 ° C, the same month in the Hailar District of Heilongjiang.
Maximum wind speed and most thunderstorms
Hainan Island is known as the "typhoon corridor". In 1973 the 14th typhoon traffic from the island's East Qionghai County, up to 81 meters per second wind speed, while the wind speed of a Category 12 typhoon is only 37 meters per second. Located in the northwestern part of Danzhou City, the island is a place of thunderstorms, with an annual average of 1307 days of thunder, known as the "hometown of thunderstorms.
The largest coconut grove earliest cocoa
National name of the hometown of specialty products, Hainan enjoys the reputation of the "Hometown of Coconut", and the province's largest Chenli hmm built in Wenchang City Huashan. Cocoa, Xinglong Overseas Chinese Farm in Wanning City in 1954, the first planting.
The longest and most poisonous plant and oil content
In the tropical jungle, white rattan grows in Taiwan, up to 300-500 meters high, and its stems are flexible, the ideal raw material for rattan furniture, the plant is also the longest in the world. Poisonous world-famous is to see the blood of the tree, drinking alcohol accidentally ate milk sweat may lead to heart attack and poisoning death, milk painted arrow hunters hunting animals. African world oil king" - oil dumplings Taiwan "settlement", the annual mu oil production is equivalent to about seven or eight times, peanuts, soybeans 10 times.
Five, Hainan rare
Breadfruit
Hainan Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute culture. Its fruit weighs 40 kilograms, sliced and baked bitter bread, so it is called "bread tree".
There is also a precious baobab tree", settled in Haikou Park, is one of the largest trees in the world in diameter. The tree is 20 meters high and has an incredibly thick stem. The stem is 50 meters in circumference and is surrounded by more than 20 people. Long life, to 5000 years, in celebration of his birthday, the traveler tree in the plant kingdom
It grows in the Wuzhishan region of Hainan. The tree is a very strange, petiole container that can store several kilograms of crystal clear sweet water. Tourist visitors peel the petiole off his back to drink, such as "Jianli Bao", both clean and hygienic, refreshing, delicious, tired of losing their spirits for the refreshment.
Rain tree
Tropical crop plant specimens in South China, it is settled in the country. Thick green leaves, in the open umbrella, the canopy is very bright, delicate red and yellow flowers, it is warm yellow? Elegant posture, as long as the wind blows, the petals wind fly scattered, such as butterflies fluttering grace and charming scenery.
There are trees, his home on the edge of the desert in South America, at night, its broad leaves will slowly together, accumulating dew accumulation of rain, rainy days, the next day, the sun shines, leaving behind, dew, spilled down, there are a lot of really beautiful, sunny table "rain", no sense of humor. When traveling in the desert or climbing mountains, tourists, as long as the mouth is dry, often waiting for this gift of "manna" under the tree to quench their thirst.
Sea floor red coral jewelry
The motherland South China Sea varieties of countless lives, but also vigorously develop a mixture of red coral, that crystalline tropical waters, package, as if covered with a veil of mist. But look at it shining, colorful conditions hair over the May haze March spring Pennsylvania red onyx, such as branches, non-transparent transparent surface and cross-section of the tree texture delicate smooth and elastic moisturizing luster, rough. More interestingly, coral red coral is white.
Whenever night falls, white coral meets the tide, expanding the soft tentacles, as if a branch swinging pulp. Suddenly, like an electric shock tightly contracted, ah, it hunts for small creatures, can not wait for your mouth, do not look at it, there is no digestive system, there is a unique way to digest, the food is its skin blood vessels to digest its own secretion of a powdery substance, which is calcium. This is the increase of the skeleton of the red coral. The body increases.
Hundred Flowers Ridge Waterfall
Yunnan Baiyao waterfall attractions. Summit green hills, blue forest silver chain falling from the sky, the sound of noisy laughter, its color is white, its potential for majestic, spectacular bead picturesque. Waterfall drop of 300 meters, is a rock plunge, forming a variety of beautiful scenery, three years down the "dragon spitting beads" is the source of the waterfall, water gushing out from the top of the mountain, glittering in the sunlight. Second is the almighty swimming pool, pure water immersed in the depths of the heart and lungs, is a pure natural mineral water containing minerals needed by the human body, drunk can cure the disease. Three white skin tanning "that spring water splashes through the scattered waves, shaped like the career of the "fairy scattering".
Meili Mountain Waterfall
Fengshan Waterfall 8 kilometers in the town of Shilu, Changjiang Lizu Autonomous County, it originated on the romantic side of the mountain slopes of Shandong, imported from the Shilu River near the Paul Meizi Mountain, circulated through. Exhausted air and tumbled down to form Peng raging waterfalls from the romantic peak of the east side of the mountain 700 meters of high rock flow waterfalls face wide, very spectacular fall of more than 600 meters of the Triple Waterfall.
Romantic Alpine Waterfall is a huge pool of heaven, deep, sharp boiling, rather than forming a circle rotating vortex, water grain glossy change watery when like a blooming honeysuckle jade belt Tianchi around the crags fluttering like a knife cut chiseling, such as rectifiers, adjacent to the canyon mountain streams and rivers, exotic flowers and trees abound, colorful, very graceful.