At that time, the U.S. Congress passed a sanctions agreement for Toshiba, such as the Japanese Toshiba company imposed a huge fine, amounting to as much as 15 billion U.S. dollars. And it more than doubled tariffs on Toshiba's imports in the US. So this has caused a very big disaster for Toshiba Japan, and has caused Toshiba's stock price to fall severely. It even led to the resignation of the chairman of Toshiba Japan.
The main reason was that Toshiba was exporting precision machine tools to the Soviet Union for the development of propellers for nuclear submarines. So this would make the Soviet Union's propeller technology reach a very high level, making the NATO countries at that time did not have any sonar to detect the Soviet Union's nuclear submarines. So it also posed a very big threat to the NATO countries. Because the Soviet nuclear submarines have a lot of nuclear missiles on board, if they were to be launched on Western soil, it would cause a lot of nuclear contamination and radiation.
So the NATO countries blamed Toshiba, and many Japanese people thought Toshiba was a traitor, openly supporting their enemies. So it also led to a firm boycott of Toshiba's products by Western countries. This also led to Toshiba ever facing the risk of bankruptcy. So it also led to the fact that now the Tokyo-based company has been in a very depressed state, and the Japanese government has also filed a lawsuit against Toshiba.
Let's see the background of this is actually because in the United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War phase of the struggle for supremacy, making both sides are in a state of confrontation, however, the United States and these countries are prohibited from exporting to the Soviet Union to develop military weapons equipment and production equipment, but Toshiba is openly to the Soviet Union to sell the development of military equipment equipment equipment, so it also led to the NATO countries for the Soviet Union's nuclear submarines to detect the effectiveness of the loss of.
Japan's Toshiba incident 3.5 billion sold to the Soviet Union 4 machine tools but harmed the U.S. NavyJapan's Toshiba in the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War to 3.5 billion yen at a high price of smuggling 4 sets of CNC machine tools to the Soviet Union, so that the U.S. Navy instantly lost the detection of Soviet hydroacoustic advantage, the Japanese were finally forced to Toshiba company to start the inspection and capture all the personnel involved, even the Prime Minister apologized and published a "Toshiba" on more than 50 newspapers in the United States. More than 50 newspapers in the United States published a "repentance advertisement", the following follow this site I take a look at it!
Toshiba incident in Japan
I believe we all know that the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States has been very stiff, especially during the Cold War, although there is no battle like the most famous ten battles in world history, but in such a special period, the countries between the dark currents, the Soviet Union was in 1970, with the Italian company Danieli negotiations, hoping to buy the processing of the ship's propeller CNC machine tools. CNC machine tools for processing ship propellers, but was stopped by the U.S. in the middle of the obstruction, the Soviet Union did not stop there, they found the Japanese Toshiba Corporation, with a high price of 3.5 billion yen to buy four high-precision CNC machine tools, the Japanese Toshiba Corporation can not believe that four small machine tools have been bought at such a high price, but in this transaction, the Soviet Union is the biggest gainer, what they gained can not be measured in terms of The first time I saw this was when I was in the middle of the night, and it was the first time I saw it.
Due to the embargo imposed by the Paris Coordinating Committee, Japan used Norway as a transit point because Norway was a NATO country and would not violate the ban. So in 1983, a late night, Japan's Shibaura dock transported dozens of boxes of machine tool parts, which is the shock of the world's "Toshiba incident". In fact, Norway and the Soviet Union has long established a special channel for the delivery of goods, Norway has also provided the Soviet Union with automatic targeting computers for artillery, which in fact, the "Batumi" expressly prohibited.
How important were machine tools to the Soviet Union?
The Soviet Union actually built the first nuclear-powered submarine in 1957, "Lenin **** Youth League", but due to technological backwardness, nuclear submarine noise is huge, has always been a heart attack of the Soviet Navy, the reason is very simple, is that the Soviet Union's level of processing technology is lower than the West's contemporaneous product manufacturing, as in the case of the creation of the "Lenin **** Youth League", the Soviet Union is the first nuclear-powered submarine. For example, the Soviet Union created the "Alpha", when it is active in Norwegian waters, the noise caused by the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, that is, the U.S. Navy listening stations can be heard, and this is obviously very detrimental to the battle.
The Soviet Union is due to the lack of high-precision propeller machining technology, there is no way to build a small noise submarine, and Japan's Toshiba Corporation to provide this machine tool is just enough to achieve this technology, so the submarine built will be very difficult to make the United States of America's sonar to detect. This is the most critical reason why the Soviet Union spared no expense of 3.5 billion yen to buy these tiny 4 machine tools.
Toshiba incident serious impact
Originally Toshiba's offer was surprisingly high, 1 billion yen a unit, according to the exchange rate at the time, that is, 5 million U.S. dollars, because Toshiba also knew that the deal is extremely risky, if the Soviet Union kills the price is too hard to not reach a deal, but I did not expect the Soviet Union offered to buy 4 units, and overbuy parts, but also only cut 20% of the
In the end, these four small machine tools changed the situation between the United States and the Soviet Union, so that the U.S. Navy instantly lost the advantage of detecting the Soviet Union's hydroacoustic. Originally, the Soviet Union and Toshiba's deal can be said to be done seamlessly, but since then, the NATO countries to detect the noise of the Soviet submarine, more and more small, which makes the United States tracking difficulties increased a lot, so the United States began to suspect that, until the Japanese company staff disputes resigned and angrily to the "Batumi" revealed this matter, the truth came to light. The truth only surfaced, but Toshiba denied it, until 1987, the United States fully grasp the evidence of this matter, Japan was forced to apologize.
So under the pressure of the evidence, the Japanese Police Department began to Toshiba raids, and arrested all the Toshiba company involved, but the United States of America's powerful everyone is aware of, such as the United States of America's mysterious psychic forces, so the last Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone had to apologize to the United States, and spent 100 million yen in the United States of America's 50-odd newspaper advertisements of "repentance. "He spent 100 million yen to place an advertisement of repentance in more than 50 newspapers in the United States. Even Norway, the "transit point," was horrified and assured the U.S. that such an incident would never happen again, and soon afterward expelled Soviet diplomats and trade representatives for stealing intelligence.
How was the Toshiba empire crushed by the United States?How Toshiba was driven to bankruptcy, step by step, by the United States? I do not know if you still have any impression of the brand Toshiba, to say how good Toshiba, a sentence you understand, the then Toshiba is equivalent to the current Apple.
In the past a long time, Toshiba has been the representative of "Made in Japan", Toshiba has created a lot of "Japan's first", such as Japan's first radar, the first color TV, as well as the world's first laptop computers, are made by Toshiba. Toshiba can even be said to be a national treasure of Japan. But this "national treasure", but now it is reduced to the sale of family assets and separation of the family in order to protect the point, in the Toshiba towards the end of this road, there is a huge push - the United States.
The United States to do big brother for a long time, naturally do not like someone in his head, and Toshiba is the one who violated this taboo. Japan in the semiconductor industry at the time how good? The entire semiconductor field was divided by the two giants Toshiba and Japan Electric, at its peak, its market share reached 80%, Toshiba is to beat the United States just started Intel and AMD, and even Intel was once forced to the financial crisis to give up the resistance directly, there is such a Tarzan above the pressure, the U.S. companies when to get out of the head ah.
So the U.S. has been looking at Toshiba for a long time, usually a lot of small actions, such as frequent reviews, ah, to limit exports, ah, to raise the standards of such, but for the behemoth of Toshiba, painless, the U.S. need to be a name to Toshiba to get down to the reason. It happens to be in the sleepy time to the pillow, 1987 "Toshiba incident", became the United States of America on the Toshiba knife fuse, when Toshiba and the Soviet Union made a smuggling deal to the Soviet Union sold four advanced submarine numerical control propeller machine tools, which will give the United States in the investigation to increase the difficulty of not a small amount.
After the incident, the United States, which could not wait, immediately imposed sanctions on Toshiba, but also forced Toshiba to sign the Semiconductor Treaty, which completely ended Toshiba's dumping of electronic products around the world, and at the same time the U.S. instigated public opinion, and the public launched a large-scale spontaneous boycott of Japanese goods movement. In the U.S. step by step under the pressure, Toshiba's electronic era is finally over.
The U.S. companies that have been pressed by Toshiba finally had their day, and the U.S. exerted the limit of the suppression means, which includes a series of measures such as comprehensive blocking and tariff penalties, which led to the Japanese semiconductor advantage disappeared, and Japan's semiconductor market share fell from 80% to 10%. Samsung is to take this opportunity to replace Toshiba became the world's first, and Toshiba's semiconductor mountain, so step by step was dismantled, it is really the wind and water rotating ah.
Toshiba incidentIn the early spring of 1983 Toshiba incident a late night Toshiba incident, by the Soviet Union Shipping Corporation to Japan's 10,000-ton freighter "old **** production party members of the ship , from Japan's Shibaura dock out of the harbor, transported Toshiba incident dozens of boxes of "five-axis linkage of CNC machine tools" components. According to the Japanese, the Soviets purchased these CNC machines for the purpose of improving the propulsion performance of submarines as well as the propellers of the new aircraft carriers that were under construction at that time. This was the sensational "Toshiba's Violation of the Batumi Export Incident". The consequences of this incident were severe The Toshiba Incident: for the first time, the U.S. Navy lost its hydroacoustic detection advantage over the Soviet Navy's ships, and to this day, the U.S. Navy is still not absolutely sure how to detect the new Russian submarines.
In 1987, after stealing and selling precision machine tools to the Soviet Union, what happened to Japan's Toshiba?November 1949, the Western countries in Paris set up a "Paris Coordinating Committee", its abbreviation, that is, the famous, so that countless people hate the "Batumi", the Association **** has 17 member states. This unofficial international body, its main purpose is to limit the member states of the Association, to other socialist countries to export high-end technology and strategic materials.
However, with the change of the international situation, some countries in the West based on their own interests, began to secretly violate the "Batumi ban", they privately exported to the East of prohibited items, in violation of the provisions of the member states of the smuggling incident, in the "Batumi" existed period of time The smuggling of goods in violation of the rules of the member states was a common occurrence during the existence of the Batumi. Among them, the most famous, the most publicized incident of prohibited exports is Japan's "Toshiba incident".
"Batumi" related books
In late 1985, the director of the Japanese office in Moscow denounced a Toshiba Corporation private export of prohibited strategic materials to the Soviet Union. It turned out that between 1982 and 1983, a Toshiba subsidiary, Toshiba Machine Company, had exported nine-axis CNC machine tools to the Soviet Union in violation of Batumi regulations.
The U.S. received a tip-off from the Japanese official and asked the Japanese government in 1986 to investigate the violation. At that time, when Toshiba Machine Co. was exporting 9-axis CNC machine tools, in order to hide them from the inspection of Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) at that time, they tampered with the statements of their export program. So when Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry did a brief investigation, they responded to the U.S. that Toshiba did not have "prohibited facts".
Toshiba
However, in March of that year, the U.S. Secretary of Defense learned from military intelligence that the Soviet Union's submarine propellers were significantly quieter than before, and he believed that the Soviet Union's technology for making propellers had improved rapidly in a short period of time because of the precision instruments exported by the Control Machinery Company, which were used by the Soviet Union to make the submarine propellers.
Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry once again reviewed the matter and found that there was indeed a problem. They first took control of two important cadres of Toshiba Machine Works, and then searched the residences of the cadres of this subsidiary, and the truth about Toshiba's theft and sale of precision machine tools to the Soviet Union was revealed. To show Japan's apology, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) decided to stop Toshiba's mandate to continue exporting to socialist countries for up to a year, and the manager who managed the subsidiary and the top executive of Toshiba's head office successively took the blame and resigned.
Japanese domestic newspaper reports on the Toshiba incident
This kind of decision-making, however, set off a furor within the United States. In response to the Toshiba incident in Japan, the U.S. criticized Japan for losing the security of the U.S. and even the entire West for the sake of a small profit; members of the U.S. House of Representatives even criticized Toshiba for selling socialist countries a noose with which to hang capitalists.
In fact, Toshiba is not the first company to violate the rules; according to statistics, the number of Batumi's prohibited incidents uncovered before 1982 had reached 2,481, of which the Toshiba incident was only one, and the precision instruments exported by this company were not at the top of the list of all prohibited items.
Toshiba machine tools
But perhaps because the impact of this incident is too bad, perhaps the United States decided to take the opportunity to knock "little brother", the United States this time is really "kill the chicken to the monkey to see", they played Toshiba jeopardized the security of the West, the U.S. Congress quickly introduced a new law to protect the safety of the Western world. The U.S. Congress quickly introduced an extremely harsh sanctions bill. This bill on the Toshiba company imposed a huge fine of up to 15 billion dollars, at the same time, for Toshiba the entire Toshiba Group exported to the United States of America to impose tariffs as high as double the amount of products.
As for Japan, Japan as the most loyal lapdog of the United States, the domestic company actually dared to export strategic materials to the enemies of the United States, the Japanese domestic public opinion and Toshiba, "tantamount to treason" behavior boiled back to the sky.
Toshiba incident
So, in the internal and external pressure, Toshiba chairman and the Soviet Union exports of machine tools to the Toshiba Machine Company president resigned successively, directly handled the export of machine tools to the Toshiba Machine Company Division Minister and so on was arrested and sentenced to imprisonment. As a result of the series of punishments, Toshiba even faced the risk of bankruptcy.
In order to save itself, Toshiba keenly found the key point to solve the problem - the attitude of the Americans. Toshiba spared no expense and began to lobby vigorously in the United States. Toshiba's activities were extremely successful, and in the 2nd year, the U.S. sanctions against Toshiba began to drop dramatically, and not only was the scope of the sanctions narrowed to Toshiba machinery, but also, the period for imports was shortened to three years.
Toshiba survived the crisis, which almost killed it. Although it also paid an extremely heavy price, it was much better than life and death. Moreover, the American policy of killing the chicken to warn the monkey is obviously very successful, after the Toshiba incident, the Western countries no longer have a company or individual, dare to blatantly export sensitive materials to the socialist countries.