1, monitoring the follicle and corpus luteum: mainly cattle and horses large animals reported mainly, the main reason is that the large animals can grasp the ovary in the rectum and clearly show the ovary in all sections; in the middle and small animals, the ovary is smaller, often by the intestinal tube and other viscera obscured in the non-surgical condition is very difficult to grasp, so it is not easy to show ovarian section. The ovaries of cows and horses can be visualized with a 5.0-7.5 MHz linear or convex probe through the rectum or vaginal vault, and the follicles and corpus luteum can be observed while the ovaries are held in the hand.
2. Monitoring the uterus during the estrous cycle: The uterine sonograms during estrus and other periods of the sexual cycle are distinctly different. The endocervical layer and the myocervical layer of the uterine cervix are clearly demarcated during the estrus period, due to the thickening of the uterine wall, the uterine water content increases and makes the sonogram have more hypoechoic dark areas, uneven texture. In late oestrus and interoestrus the uterine wall image was brighter and endometrial folds were visible, but there was no fluid in the cavity.
3, monitoring the postpartum uterine depreciation: primiparous cows uterine horns in the postpartum more than 40d when the depreciation is complete, the cows need about 50d, the depreciation is close to completion of the uterine myometrium and other tissues boundaries are obvious, the endometrium is gradually thickened, the image becomes white. In dogs, it takes about 15 weeks to complete uterine resuscitation.
4, monitoring uterine disease: ultrasound ultrasound is more sensitive to endometritis, uterine pus. Inflammation of the uterine cavity outline blurred, the uterine cavity swelling with some echoes and snow flakes; pus when the uterine body is enlarged, the wall of the uterus is clear, the uterine cavity has a liquid dark area.
5, early pregnancy diagnosis: the most published articles, there are research and production applications. Early pregnancy diagnosis is mainly based on the detection of the gestational sac, or pregnant body. The gestational sac is a round liquid dark area in the uterus, and the gestational body is a round liquid dark area in the uterus within the strong echo light mass or spot.
6. Observation of embryonic development: The development of the embryo is determined by observing the changes in the extrauterine and intrauterine structures of the fetus.
7, monitoring the fetal dead and alive: ultrasound detection of fetal heartbeat, can predict the fetal dead and alive. Before the embryo dies, the heartbeat decreases significantly. Fetal movement disappears, the fetal sac is full of liquid dark area, can not see the embryonic buds, uterine echogenicity is disturbed, can not identify the fetal sac, placenta and fetal structure, etc. are all indicative of embryonic death.
8, identify the sex of the fetus: using ultrasound to detect the fetal reproductive nodes and the location of the surrounding structures can accurately identify the sex of the fetus. In cattle breeding 50 ~ 105d, the accuracy rate of identification of fetal sex is 96%.
8, estimate the number of fetuses and predict the age of the fetus: estimate the number of fetuses is mainly used for animals with multiple fetuses. ultrasound can also determine the size of the fetus with a high degree of accuracy, and can predict the date of calving according to the size of the fetus. The size of the fetal sac diameter can be used to roughly estimate the size of the fetus, and the diameter of the chorionic sac cavity and uterine diameter are also used to determine the age of the fetus.
10, monitoring the reproductive organs of male animals: 7.5MHz or 5.0MHz probe through the surface of the male testes and parasympathetic glands, used to diagnose diseases of the reproductive organs of male animals. This is mainly to observe whether there is fluid and calcification in the tissues, probe urethral stones, parasympathetic cysts, fluid accumulation, hypertrophy, atrophy, etc..