1. Softening method refers to removing or reducing the hardness of water (mainly calcium and magnesium ions in water) to a certain extent. In the process of water softening, it only softens the water, but it can't improve the water quality.
2. Distillation refers to boiling water, then collecting steam and condensing it into liquid after cooling. Distilled water is extremely safe drinking water, but there are some problems to be further discussed. Because distilled water does not contain minerals, this has also become the reason why opponents suggest that people's life expectancy is easy to age. In addition, distillation has high cost and energy consumption, and it can't remove volatile substances from water.
Boiling refers to drinking tap water after boiling, which is an ancient method and widely used in China. Boiling water can sterilize, but it can't remove some chemicals and heavy metals. Even if the content is extremely low, it is still unsafe to drink.
4. Magnetization method refers to the treatment of water by magnetic field effect, which is called magnetization treatment of water. The process of magnetization is that water passes through the magnet in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, that is, the process of magnetization is completed. The magnetization treatment of water in China is still in the initial stage of practice and research, and foreign water purifiers do not need magnetization function, because magnetized water does not belong to the category of purified water, but belongs to medical problems.
5. Mineralization method refers to adding mineral elements (such as calcium, zinc, strontium and other elements) beneficial to human body to water on the basis of purification. Commercially available water purifiers generally achieve the purpose of mineralization by adding medical stone to the water purifier, but the Ministry of Health has clearly pointed out that "wading products must not promote any health care function".
6. Ozone and ultraviolet sterilization can only sterilize, and heavy metals and chemicals in water cannot be removed. After being killed, the bacteria remains in the water and becomes a pyrogen.
7. Water purifier The water purifier is a newly invented product in Japan. It first purifies water and then carries out electrolytic activation. Its alkaline activated water corresponds to the PH value of human internal environment, which is healthy for human body and suitable for drinking. Acidic activated water can be used for washing face and bathing, and has cosmetic effect. However, there are still different views on the principle, water quality and the influence on human body after use of the water purifier, which need further discussion.
8. Activated carbon adsorption can be divided into the following three forms.
8. 1 granular activated carbon is commonly used, and it is mostly made of carbon-containing substances such as essence, coal quality and fruit shell (core) by chemical method or physical activation method. It has a large number of micropores and specific surface area, so it has strong adsorption capacity and can effectively adsorb organic pollutants in water. In addition, during the activation process, some oxygen-containing functional groups are formed in the amorphous part of the surface of activated carbon, which makes the activated carbon have chemical adsorption, catalytic oxidation and reduction properties, and can effectively remove some metal ions from water.
8.2 Silver-infiltrated activated carbon combines activated carbon with silver, which not only absorbs organic pollutants in water, but also has bactericidal effect, and bacteria will not grow in activated carbon, thus solving the problem of high nitrite content in effluent of water purifier. When water passes through activated carbon impregnated with silver, it will slowly release silver ions, which will play a role in disinfection and sterilization. Activated carbon has a good effect on removing color, odor, chlorine, iron, arsenic, mercury, cyanide and phenol. In water, and the sterilization effect is above 90%, so it is used in small water purifiers.
8.3 Fiber Activated Carbon Organic carbon fiber is a new adsorption material formed by activation treatment, which has developed micropore structure, huge specific surface area and numerous functional groups. Foreign countries have made remarkable achievements in solvent recovery and gas purification by using fiber activated carbon. A lot of research work has also been done in the application of water treatment.
9.RO reverse osmosis membrane RO reverse osmosis is a machine (also known as terminal water purification equipment) that filters raw water (physical method) without adding any compounds to produce pure water for human consumption. Municipal tap water whose water quality meets the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water Quality (200 1) issued by the Ministry of Health of China is used as raw water. The raw water is pre-filtered by two activated carbon filter elements (1 granular activated carbon, 1 sintered activated carbon) and 1 PPF spray filter elements, and then the pre-filtered water is forced to pass through RO (reverse osmosis) with a pore size of one ten thousandth of a micron. English reverse osmosis) membrane, and finally the pH value of water is adjusted by silver-loaded activated carbon (also called small T33) made of fruit shell (coconut shell) (to make the prepared purified water taste sweet and mellow), so as to prepare purified water.
RO reverse osmosis water purifier introduces advanced ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis technology and accessories from the United States, and produces the most advanced purified water device for household and group use in China. The device produces high-quality water, which is safe, stable and reliable in operation, simple in operation and small in occupied area, and can most effectively remove calcium, magnesium, bacteria, organic matter, inorganic matter, metal ions and radioactive substances in water. The water purified by this device is clear and sweet. The device is suitable for families, hotels, hotels, hospitals and other enterprises and institutions to drink clean water.
Compared with bottled water, the purified water produced by RO reverse osmosis water purification mechanism is fresher, more hygienic and safer. It has a wide range of uses: it can be drunk raw or boiled. The most prominent feature in this respect is that the kettle or electric thermos will never scale again. Pure water for cooking is more hygienic and delicious; Bathing with pure water can remove impurities from the skin, moisturize the skin and play a natural beauty effect; It can provide water for small household appliances such as humidifier, steam iron and beauty instrument. And there will never be an annoying scale; When used together with an ice maker, the ice cubes made are crystal clear without any peculiar smell.
Reverse osmosis: Reverse osmosis was originally developed by NASA with the support of the government. It cost billions of dollars and has been studied for many years. The principle of reverse osmosis is to apply a pressure greater than the natural osmotic pressure on the raw water side, so that water molecules can reverse permeate from the high concentration side to the low concentration side. Because the pore size of the reverse osmosis membrane is much smaller than hundreds or even thousands of times that of the case virus and bacteria, all kinds of viruses, bacteria, heavy metals, solid soluble substances, polluted organic substances and calcium and magnesium ions cannot pass through the reverse osmosis membrane at all, thus achieving the purpose of softening and purifying water quality.
10. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration microfiltration are microporous membranes made of cellulose or polymer materials, which use their uniform pore size to intercept particles, bacteria, colloids, etc. In water, so that they can be removed without a filter membrane. This microporous membrane filtration technology, also known as particle density filtration technology, can filter micron or nano particles and bacteria. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration are both membrane separation technologies, and there is no obvious boundary between them. The working pressure of ultrafiltration is generally about 0.3 MPa, which can remove macromolecular substances, bacteria, viruses, etc. from water, but the flux is low.
1 1. When one process is difficult to remove harmful substances from water, two or more processes are combined. Like activated carbon adsorption? Ultraviolet sterilization and activated carbon adsorption? Reverse osmosis, activated carbon adsorption? Microfiltration (ultrafiltration), polypropylene microfiber? Live charcoal? Microfiltration (ultrafiltration), etc. Among the composite water purifiers, the membrane technology composite water purifier has excellent water purification performance, especially in removing microorganisms (bacteria, algae and so on). ). Some excellent water purifiers can directly drink raw water, which has been welcomed by consumers and has become a hot spot in the development of water purifiers.
From the above classification methods of water purifiers, it is not difficult to see that household water purifiers are essentially miniaturization of advanced water treatment, and their main treatment objects are turbidity, chromaticity, odor and organic matter in tap water. Generally, it consists of three parts: pre-filtration (coarse filtration), adsorption and fine filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis). Among them, adsorption (usually activated carbon adsorption) and fine filtration are the main means to remove organic matter, odor and chromaticity in water, and their objective operation directly affects the effluent quality of water purifier. Household water purifiers serve thousands of households. However, due to the great differences in water quality and water pressure conditions in the use areas, users lack the necessary operating knowledge, and the current product design cannot cope with the ever-changing situation. Therefore, water purifier manufacturers should consider letting users master certain professional knowledge, standardize the installation operation of water purifiers, and make the effluent water quality achieve the desired effect, so that users can rest assured.
The design and manufacture of water purifier is a comprehensive science and technology. The design principle of water purifier should be for the sake of users. As far as the characteristics of water quality in various regions of China are concerned, the organic pollution along the Yangtze River and densely populated areas is serious, while the problem of bacterial pollution exists in small water supply enterprises and groundwater use areas in villages and towns all over the country. Therefore, only some high-quality water purifiers can adapt to different water quality in different parts of the country, so water purifier manufacturers should carefully design water purifiers that can adapt to different water sources but have good treatment effect according to the water quality situation in different areas.
Since 1960s, foreign countries have attached great importance to the research and development of drinking water purifiers, reaching its peak in 1970s and continuing to this day. The reason for its prevalence is that environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and people's requirements for drinking water hygiene are constantly improving. During this period, although the efficacy of some water purifiers was not satisfactory and was criticized by the society, it once entered a recession. However, with the continuous progress of science and technology, the performance of various water purification equipment has also been greatly improved, which ensures that the main direction of water purification industry is sterilization, followed by organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants. In addition, foreign water purifiers are developing in the direction of purification, and naturally artificial mineralization and magnetization of pure water are not advocated. In order to protect people's health, drinking water purifier products should be tested according to the latest drinking water standards of the World Health Organization (WHO), and only after passing the inspection by national sanitation foundation NSF (National Health Foundation) and other authoritative organizations can they be listed.
Lead removal principle of water purifier
Many people know something about water purifiers. But how the water purifier works may be unknown to many people.
Let me introduce how the water purifier removes some harmful substances from tap water.
Taking heavy metal lead as an example, how does the water purifier filter and purify lead in water?
Lead removal principle of water purifier:
1, KDF55 filter material in water purifier can remove heavy metals from water very well. KDF55 can remove 50% of zinc and copper from water. KDF55 uses electrochemical principle to remove heavy metal lead from water.
The chemical equation is as follows: Zn+Pb2+=Zn2++Pb! After reduction and oxidation, metal lead is discharged with sewage when backwashing in the water purifier.
2.RO reverse osmosis water purifier can effectively remove residual lead through filtration. The aperture of RO type is 0.000 1 micron, and the diameter of lead ion is greater than 0.000 1 micron, which can be effectively filtered. The filtered zinc is discharged together with the wastewater. Advantages and disadvantages of water purifier
What kind of water purifier to choose mainly depends on the water quality of the living place, personal drinking water demand and treatment effect. At present, there are many kinds of water purifiers on the market. Let's analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various water purifiers.
1, filter water purifier:
This water purifier adopts filter element structure, which can be matched with different filter elements according to different needs. Its advantages are relatively low price and high filtration accuracy (including ultra-filter element). The disadvantage is that the life of the filter element is relatively short (for example, the life of PP cotton is 3-5 months, the life of activated carbon is about half a year, and the life of ultrafiltration is 1-2 years), and the water output is small, so it is only suitable for drinking.
2, pure water machine:
This kind of water purifier adopts RO reverse osmosis technology, which first appeared in the aviation industry and was developed to solve the drinking water problem of pilots. Its advantage is high effluent precision (nothing can pass through except water molecules), but its disadvantage is that the purified water is too pure and lacks trace elements beneficial to human health. On average, one cup of pure water produces three cups of wastewater, and electricity is used at the same time.
3, ion water machine:
Through electrolysis, water is electrolyzed into two kinds of water: acid and alkali. Alkaline water is used for drinking (because people are acidic, drinking alkaline water often can adjust the acid-base balance and promote metabolism), and acidic water is used for bathing (or sterilization). At the same time, the molecular groups of water are changed by electrolysis (water becomes a small molecular group with 6 molecular groups). This kind of water machine was first used as a medical instrument, which has a certain effect on common skin diseases. His disadvantage is that the cost is high (generally about 6000 yuan), and the pH value of water depends on the electrolytic version, which requires electricity.
4, magnetized water machine:
Advantages: through magnetization, the molecular groups of water are changed, which is more conducive to human absorption. Disadvantages: People with gastrointestinal diseases should use it with caution, because magnetized water has certain stimulation to the stomach.
5. Central water purifier:
The water purifier is installed on the main water inlet pipe at home, and all the water in the home can be purified. Its advantages are long service life (minimum 5 years) and convenient operation. At the same time, it has backwashing function, which can prolong the service life of filter material. The disadvantage is that the purification accuracy is not particularly high, and the effect is not particularly good if it is used to treat drinking water.
Water purifier 1 precautions for use. After the water purifier is used, the ultrafiltration membrane filter should always be kept wet. If the ultrafiltration membrane filter is dry, the water yield will drop sharply and cannot be recovered.
2. If you don't use the water purifier for more than three days, rinse the water purifier repeatedly for 2-5 minutes when you use it again until the water in the water purifier runs out.
3. When the tap water is cut off, please turn on the sewage tap to discharge the sediment and rust in the tap water pipe, then turn on the purification tap and use clean water.
4. The total water output of the water purifier is related to the water quality of the water purifier. If the water quality of the water purifier is good, the total water output will increase, while if the water quality is poor, the total water output will decrease, and the service life of the corresponding filter element will be slightly shorter.
5. When using the water purifier, cleaning the water purifier frequently can effectively prolong the service life of the water purifier.
6. The water purifier will be used for a long time, and the water output will gradually decrease, but the water quality is still qualified, so you can use it with confidence.
7. When the water purifier fails, please immediately close the tap water inlet valve and cut off the water inlet of the water purifier. Please do not disassemble by yourself.