Atmospheric Component Regulation Function
The rich plant communities in the wetland can absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide gas and release oxygen, and some plants in the wetland also have the function of absorbing harmful gases in the air, which can effectively regulate the atmospheric components. However, it is also important to note that wetland habitats also emit greenhouse gases such as methane and ammonia. Swamps have a great biological production efficiency, with plants constantly absorbing CO2 and other gases, especially some harmful ones, during the formation of organic matter. Oxygen on the marsh, on the other hand, is rarely consumed in the decomposition of dead plant remains. The marsh also absorbs dust and various bacteria carried in the air, thus playing a role in purifying the air. In addition, the marsh accumulations have a great adsorption capacity, sewage or heavy metal-containing industrial wastewater, through the marsh can adsorb metal ions and harmful components.
Water Regulation Function
Wetland plays an important role in water storage, regulating river runoff, recharging groundwater and maintaining regional water balance, and it is a natural "sponge" for water storage and flood prevention, and it can distribute uneven precipitation in space and time and regulate it through throughput of wetland to avoid drought and flood disasters. Qilihai wetland is an important flood storage area in Tianjin coastal plain, with a safe flood storage depth of 3.5-4m.
Marsh wetland has the function of wetting climate and purifying environment, and is an important part of the ecosystem. Most of its development in the negative landform type, long-term waterlogging, the growth of dense plants, under which the roots and stems are intertwined, the residual body accumulation. Submerged marshes also generally have a grass root layer of several tens of centimeters. Grass root layer is loose and porous, has a strong water holding capacity, it can keep more than its own absolute dry weight of 3 to 15 times the amount of water. Not only can save a lot of water, but also through plant transpiration and evaporation of water, the water is constantly sent back to the atmosphere, thus increasing the humidity of the air, regulating precipitation, in the natural cycle of water plays a good role. According to experimental research, a hectare of swamp in the growing season can evaporate 7415 tons of water, which can be seen in its great function of regulating the climate.
Purification Function
The marsh wetland is like a natural filter, which helps to slow down the speed of water flow, when the flowing water containing poison and impurities (pesticides, sewage and industrial emissions) passes through the wetland, the flow rate slows down to facilitate the precipitation and elimination of poison and impurities. Some wetland plants can effectively absorb toxic substances in the water and purify the water quality.
Swamps and wetlands can decompose and purify the environment, and play the functions of "detoxification" and "detoxification", so they are regarded as the "kidneys of the earth". If there is no wetland, it is like a person was cut off the kidney.
Such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other organic substances, through complex physical and chemical changes by the organisms stored, or through the transfer of organisms (such as harvesting plants, fishing, etc.) and other ways, permanently detached from the wetlands, to participate in a wider range of cycles.
There is a considerable part of aquatic plants in swampy wetlands including quite watery, floating and submerged plants, which have a strong ability to remove poisons and are the nemesis of poisons. It has been determined that the concentration of heavy metals enriched in wetland plant tissues is more than 100,000 times higher than that in the surrounding water. Because of this, people often use this ecological function of wetland plants to purify the pollutants in the virus, effectively removing the "toxin" in the sewage, to achieve the purpose of water purification.
For example, water huckleberries, cattails and reeds are widely used to treat sewage, and are used to absorb cadmium, copper, zinc and other heavy metals in sewage at very high concentrations. In the United States of America, Florida, some people made the following test, will be discharged into the river before the wastewater, let it flow through a piece of cypress swamp (a kind of wetland), after the measurement found that about 98% of the nitrogen and 97% of the phosphorus was purified to exclude, the wetland amazing removal of pollutants from the ability to be seen. In India, the city of Kalkuta, the city has a sewage treatment plant, all domestic sewage is discharged into the eastern suburbs of the artificial wetlands, the cost of sewage treatment is quite low, and has become a model for the world.
Regulating local microclimate
Wetland moisture becomes water vapor through evaporation, and then falls back to the surrounding area in the form of precipitation to maintain local humidity and rainfall, making Ninghe County one of the wetter climatic areas in Tianjin.