Garbage classification refers to a series of activities that classify, store, put and treat garbage according to certain regulations or standards, so as to turn it into public resources. The purpose of classification is to improve the resource value and economic value of garbage and make the best use of it.
Garbage belongs to the public's private articles in the stage of classified storage. After being classified by the public, it becomes a regional quasi-public resource in the community where the public is located, and it becomes a non-exclusive public resource after being classified and transported to the garbage concentration point or transfer station. Generally, garbage is classified according to the composition and output, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage.
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Garbage classification is the premise of scientific garbage disposal and the basis of garbage reduction, recycling and harmless treatment.
1. separating kitchen waste containing perishable organic components, providing high-quality raw materials for garbage composting and producing high-quality organic fertilizer is conducive to improving soil fertility and reducing fertilizer application;
2. Classifying harmful waste reduces the contents of heavy metals, organic pollutants and pathogenic bacteria in garbage, which is beneficial to the harmless treatment of garbage and reduces the risk of water, soil and air pollution in garbage treatment;
3, the proportion of waste recycling is increased, the demand for raw materials is reduced, and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced;
4, popularize knowledge of environmental protection and garbage, enhance the whole society's awareness of the sanitation industry, reduce the difficulty of sanitation workers, and form an atmosphere of respect and care for sanitation workers.
Sogou encyclopedia-garbage classification
What are the details of garbage sorting?
1, recyclable garbage
Refers to garbage with high recycling value that can enter the waste recycling channel.
Mainly includes: paper (newspapers, leaflets, magazines, used books, cartons and other unpolluted paper products. ), metal (iron, copper, aluminum and other products), glass (glass products such as glass bottles and flat glass), plastic products other than plastic bags (foam plastics, plastic bottles, hard plastics, etc.). ), rubber and rubber products, Tetra Pak packaging such as milk cartons and beverage bottles.
2. Hazardous waste
Garbage containing toxic and harmful chemicals.
Mainly includes: batteries (storage batteries, button cell, etc. ), waste electronic products, waste light bulbs, expired drugs, expired daily cosmetics, hair dyes, pesticide containers, herbicide containers, waste water silver thermometers, waste paint barrels, waste printer cartridges, toner cartridges, etc. The main treatment methods of hazardous waste are safe landfill and incineration.
3. Kitchen garbage
Food scraps and peels produced in the kitchen.
Mainly includes: leftovers, cakes and other food residues, vegetable stems and leaves, animal bones and internal organs, tea residue, fruit residue, fruit shell, melon peel, bonsai and other plant residues, waste edible oil and so on. The main treatment methods of kitchen waste are composting and making feed.
4. Other garbage
Except recyclables, harmful waste and kitchen waste, the general term for all wastes.
It mainly includes: polluted and non-renewable paper (paper cups, photos, carbon paper, pressure sensitive paper, receipt paper, star photos, photo albums, toilet paper, diapers, etc. ), contaminated or other non-recyclable glass, plastic bags and other contaminated plastic products, textiles such as waste clothes, waste ceramics, feminine hygiene products, disposable tableware, shells, cigarette butts, dust, etc.
The main disposal methods of other garbage: the combustible part is burned to generate electricity, and the nonflammable part is sanitary landfilled.
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Significance of garbage classification
1. Separating kitchen waste containing perishable organic components provides high-quality raw materials for garbage composting and produces high-quality organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to improving soil fertility and reducing fertilizer application.
2. The kitchen waste with high moisture content is separated, which improves the incineration calorific value of other wastes and reduces the difficulty of secondary pollution control in waste incineration.
3. Classifying harmful waste reduces the contents of heavy metals, organic pollutants and pathogenic bacteria in garbage, which is beneficial to the harmless treatment of garbage and reduces the risk of water, soil and air pollution in garbage treatment.
4. Different kinds of garbage are diverted, which greatly reduces the amount that eventually enters the sanitary landfill and prolongs the service life of the landfill.
5. Increase the proportion of waste recycling, reduce the demand for raw materials and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
6, popularize knowledge of environmental protection and garbage, enhance the whole society's awareness of the sanitation industry, reduce the difficulty of sanitation workers, and form an atmosphere of respect and care for sanitation workers.
Sogou encyclopedia-garbage
What is the significance of garbage sorting?
Useful materials, such as paper, plastics, rubber, glass, bottles and cans, metals and waste household appliances, are separated from garbage for recycling, turning waste into treasure.
It not only improves the utilization level of garbage resources, but also reduces the amount of garbage treatment. It is an important way and means to realize waste reduction and recycling.
After the garbage is classified and collected, it is convenient for different types of garbage to be classified and treated. For example, organic waste compost fermentation, organic waste made into fertilizer for farmland and greening, inorganic waste landfill with no recycling value, and combustible waste incineration with high calorific value.
Garbage classification is a reform of traditional garbage collection and disposal methods and a scientific management method for effective garbage disposal. People are facing the situation of increasing garbage output and deteriorating environmental conditions. How to make the best use of garbage resources, reduce the amount of garbage disposal and improve the quality of living environment through garbage classification management is one of the urgent problems that all countries in the world pay attention to.
What is classified collection of domestic waste?
Garbage classification refers to the classification of garbage into different categories according to its different components, attributes, utilization value and impact on the environment, and according to the requirements of different disposal methods.
Domestic garbage can generally be divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.
Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Through comprehensive treatment and recycling, pollution can be reduced and resources can be saved. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.
Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves. After in-situ composting by biotechnology, 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton.
Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment.
Other wastes include bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Classification of medical wastes.
Disposable medical devices after use, whether the needles are cut or not, and whether they are contaminated by body fluids, blood and excreta of patients, are all medical wastes and should be managed as medical wastes.
All kinds of glass (disposable plastic) infusion bottles (bags) that are not contaminated by patients' blood, body fluids and excreta after use are not medical wastes and need not be managed according to medical wastes. However, this kind of waste cannot be used for its original purpose when it is recycled, and should be used for other purposes according to the principle of not endangering human health.
What are the four categories of garbage classification?
1. Kitchen garbage: refers to the organic perishable garbage produced by residents' family life and canteens in hotels, institutions, organizations, enterprises and institutions, which has the characteristics of high water content, easy biodegradation, easy odor generation and leachate generation. It mainly includes: waste and surplus food, skins and cores of vegetables and fruits, tea residue, waste edible oil, etc.
2. Hazardous waste: flammable, corrosive, explosive and infectious, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution when mixed with domestic waste. It mainly includes: waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, paint buckets, expired drugs, waste cosmetics, etc.
3. Other garbage: including other domestic garbage except kitchen waste and harmful waste, including bulky garbage, etc. Mainly includes: waste toilet paper, diapers, ceramic products, sponges, travel bags, balls, flowerpots, carpets, aprons, etc.
4. Recyclable garbage: refers to the unpolluted garbage in domestic garbage, which has certain economic value and is suitable for recycling and resource utilization. Mainly includes: paper, metal, glass, plastic, fabric, etc.
What is garbage sorting? Why should garbage be classified?
Why should garbage be classified? Each of us throws a lot of rubbish every day. Do you know where all this rubbish has gone? They are usually sent to landfills and then to landfills.
The cost of landfill is high, and the cost of treating one ton of garbage is about RMB from 200 yuan to 300 yuan. The daily garbage output in Beijing alone is10.2 million tons. At present, there are more than 700 garbage dumps with an area of more than 36 square meters in the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing, with an area of more than 5 million square meters, increasing at a rate of 3-5% every year.
People consume a lot of resources, mass production and consumption, resulting in a lot of waste. The reason for the increase of garbage is the improvement of people's living standards and the increase of various consumption.
According to statistics, 1979, the national urban garbage removal capacity was more than 25 million tons, and 1. 16 tons in 1996, four times that of 1979. How much land does it take to turn such a large amount of garbage into a landfill? Asuwei Landfill, which covers an area of 60 hectares and has a daily handling capacity of 2,000 tons, can only handle one-sixth of the garbage in Beijing, and 1 1 year will be full.
The abandoned landfill is no longer cultivated land, and the living quarters can't be built. At present, another garbage disposal method widely used in western countries is incineration.
Although the garbage burned at high temperature will not occupy a lot of land, it not only has high cost, but also increases the risk of secondary pollution. Dioxin, a highly toxic carcinogen that makes people talk about "evil" color change, is one of the main gas components produced after garbage incineration.
In addition, both landfill and incineration are a waste of resources. We constantly turn the limited earth resources into garbage, bury or burn them. Where will our descendants live? Can't we do something about the garbage? In fact, there is a way, and this is garbage sorting. Garbage classification is to put garbage into the source, and make it become a resource again through sorting, cleaning and recycling.
The benefits of garbage sorting are obvious. After sorting, the garbage is sent to the factory instead of landfill, which not only saves land, but also avoids the pollution caused by landfill or incineration, and can also turn waste into treasure.
Garbage sorting is no stranger to thrifty people in China. Perhaps you still remember the scene of waste recycling in the 1950s and 1960s: toothpaste peels were kept for recycling, orange peels were used for pharmacy, and biological wastes were used for composting, waste cloth ends, ink bottles and so on. All these can be recycled, which not only avoids the pollution of garbage, but also provides raw materials for industry and agriculture.
In the United States, which is known as a big country of garbage production, garbage classification has gradually penetrated into citizens' lives. Walking on the street, you can see all kinds of colorful classified trash cans everywhere. * * * provides various convenient conditions for garbage sorting. In addition to setting up classified garbage bins on both sides of the street, each community regularly sends special personnel to clear and transport the classified garbage of each household.
Residents also expressed great support for the garbage sorting work of * *. This is not only reflected in their familiarity with garbage classification knowledge; Moreover, the garbage sorting payment here is as natural as drinking clean tap water.
As an industry, garbage recycling has developed rapidly. In many developed countries, recycling industry plays an increasingly important role in the national industrial structure. Take Baltimore, Washington and Richmond as examples. In the past, it cost $40 to recycle 1 ton of garbage. After sorting, these recycled garbage created 5 100 jobs in 1995.
In the United States, these three cities are only a small area, and their garbage recycling not only saves the cost of garbage disposal, but also creates a wealth of 500 million US dollars. Garbage sorting is not only a fashion in developed countries like the United States, but also a trend in many developing countries.
In Brazil, many communities carry out garbage sorting, and the mayor regards the sorting trash can at the main entrance of the city hall as the glory of the city. In more than 20 beaches nearby, sorting garbage bins is more like a beautiful landscape.
In some areas of the Philippines, villagers spontaneously organized themselves to clean their living environment, and garbage sorting was the main content of this movement. Regardless of poor countries or rich countries, garbage sorting is becoming a worldwide trend. However, China, once a world leader in this field, almost lost this good tradition.
Others learned to pick up from us, but we learned to throw from others. When our life is better, we will not be stingy with the few cents we get back from selling garbage, but would rather throw them away as garbage.
The traditional virtues of the Chinese nation-thrift and waste utilization-seem to have been praised by China people for their efforts to build new buildings and healthy buildings. Each of us is a garbage maker. Isn't the garbage mountain all piled by our family? We are also victims of garbage. Should we and our descendants bear the consequences of these garbage mountains devouring resources and polluting the environment? We should be the managers of garbage pollution, and each of us can overcome garbage pollution through garbage classification. 1996 65438+February 15, residents in Dacheng Lane, Xicheng District, Beijing began to sort garbage with the help of the NGO Global Village.
The original sorting bucket was purchased by members of the family Committee with the year-end bonus saved. The sorted garbage shall be removed by the vendors and enterprises contacted by the Family Committee.
Day after day, year after year, the residents never stopped. As a small kindling of folk garbage sorting, the actions of residents in Mahayana Lane aroused the enthusiasm of many citizens. Since 1997, some universities, primary and secondary schools and some retired people in Beijing have tried garbage sorting one after another.
With the help of China Youth Daily's intimate sister and a female doctor who returned from studying in Germany, the children of "Hand in Hand Global Village" also started a school with the recovered money. The behavior of citizens and children has attracted the attention of relevant departments of * * *.
Xuanwu District Environmental Sanitation Bureau took the lead in starting the pilot work of waste sorting and recycling system in Xuanwu District in the autumn of 1997. Xuanwu District Civilization Office actively cooperates with the streets and the non-governmental organization Global Village.
1On April 23rd, 999, the Gong Jian Li Nan community in Baizhifang, Xuanwu District was as lively as a festival, and the first garbage sorting and recycling system in China was officially launched. From this day on, residents will change the mixed transportation mode of garbage and put it in accordance with the classification of organic, inorganic and waste soil, and the sanitation department will change the mixed transportation mode, and carry out classified removal and treatment.
What is domestic waste and how to classify it?
Domestic waste refers to solid waste generated in daily life or activities providing services for daily life, and solid waste regarded as domestic waste according to laws and administrative regulations.
Domestic waste can basically be divided into three categories:
Hazardous wastes, such as waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, mercury thermometers, waste paints, expired drugs, etc.
Second, organic waste, that is, wet waste, is easy to decompose under natural conditions, such as skins, vegetable skins, leftovers and so on.
Inorganic garbage, that is, dry garbage, can be recycled, such as waste paper, waste plastic, waste metal, waste glass, waste fabric and so on. Among them, waste paper includes newspapers, various wrapping papers, office paper, advertising paper, large and small cartons and so on. Waste plastics include all kinds of plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic packaging, foamed plastics, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, hard plastics, etc. Scrap metal includes cans, tin cans, lead toothpaste skin, etc.