Ministry of Land and Resources Gansu Provincial Department of Land and Resources
(September 2011)
Part I Exercise Program
In order to conscientiously implement the "Decision of the State Council on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters" (Guofa [2011] No. 20), and a series of decision-making and deployment by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Gansu Provincial Government to strengthen the prevention and control of geologic disasters. Test the effectiveness of the construction of the geological disaster emergency rescue system, enhance all levels and departments to effectively defend and respond to the rapid response capability of sudden geological disasters, to protect people's lives and property safety, Gansu Provincial Department of Land and Resources proposed to be held on September 21, 2011 in the province of sudden geologic disaster joint emergency drill. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the exercise, based on the "Ministry of Land and Resources Emergency Response Plan for Emergency Geological Disasters", "Emergency Response Exercise Guidelines for Emergencies" (China Institute of Geological and Environmental Surveillance, the Ministry of Land and Resources Emergency Response Technical Guidance Center for Geological Disasters), "Overall Emergency Response Plan for Emergencies in Gansu Province," and "Emergency Response Plan for Emergencies in Geological Disasters in Gansu Province", to formulate the exercise program is as follows.
I. Purpose and significance
Through the comprehensive emergency drill, test the relevance and operability of the emergency plan for sudden geologic disasters, check the readiness of emergency personnel, materials, equipment, technology, etc., to enhance the emergency response at all levels and departments and synergistic cooperation, improve the government's response to the emergency response to sudden geologic disasters, popularize the emergency response to sudden geologic disasters, and enhance the general public's knowledge of emergency response to sudden geologic disasters. The general knowledge, enhance the general public's ability to prevent and respond to sudden geologic disasters.
Second, time and place
(A) drill time
September 20, 2011 pre-drill;
September 21, 2011 official drill, 09:00-11:30.
(B) drill place
Lanzhou City, Chengguan District, Development Zone of the Jiuzhou armed police training ground. training ground.
Figure 1 Exercise traffic location map
Three, exercise organization
(a) Exercise Command Composition
Commander-in-Chief: Provincial Party Committee Standing Committee, Vice Governor, Provincial Emergency Response Command for Geological Disasters Commander-in-Chief Shijun
Deputy Commander-in-Chief: Deputy Secretary General of the Provincial Government, Ma Zixue
Provincial Land and Resources Director Zhang Mechanics
China Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute (China Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute) (CGEMI). Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Department of Commerce, Department of Health, Provincial Radio and Television Bureau, Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau, Provincial Tourism Bureau, Provincial Grain Bureau, Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office, Provincial Government Information Office, Lanzhou Railway Bureau, Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Provincial Seismological Bureau, Provincial Insurance Bureau, Provincial Communications Authority, Provincial Electricity Company and other department heads).
(2) on-site exercise organization
On-site command:
Commander: Song Shigang, deputy director of the provincial Department of Land and Resources
Deputy commander: Yu Jingdong, vice mayor of Lanzhou Municipal Government
Exercise command set up under the 10 working groups:
1.Comprehensive Coordination Group
Lead unit: Provincial Emergency Response Office
Cooperative unit: Provincial Department of Land and Resources
Responsibilities: unified scheduling and use of professional emergency response teams formed by various departments and community volunteer teams, and consulting with the provincial military region and the provincial Armed Forces General Police Corps were sent to participate in the emergency response team.
Composition: 4 people.
Equipment: walkie-talkies 4.
2. Monitoring and early warning group
Lead unit: Lanzhou Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources
Cooperative unit: Street Office
Responsibilities: responsible for monitoring the landslide danger, issued in a timely manner, the danger alarms and disaster report.
Composition: group monitoring and prevention of a full-time monitor, professional and technical personnel 6 people, the streets of the Office of 2 people, **** 9 people to form a dangerous alarm group.
Equipment configuration: tweeter, walkie-talkie 3, handheld GPS 2.
3. Resettlement security group
Lead unit: Provincial Department of Civil Affairs
Cooperative unit: Lanzhou Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau
Responsibilities: Responsible for the disaster statistics; temporary resettlement of the affected people; relief supplies of the transfer, storage and distribution; for the affected people to provide the maintenance of the basic necessities of life and the life of the relief personnel to protect.
Composition:20 people.
Equipment configuration: 2 vehicles for material transportation, 2 tents.
4. Maintenance of law and order group
Lead unit: Provincial Public Security Department
Cooperative unit: Provincial Armed Police Headquarters
Responsibilities: Responsible for the formation of the traffic security management team; set up a cordon in the affected area, evacuation of unrelated people in the affected area; organization of security patrols to protect and maintain the social order of the disaster area and the order of the traffic; to assist in the transfer of emergency relief team personnel and property in the affected area. and property.
Composition: 20 public security police, 30 armed police force.
Equipment configuration: public security departments, 4 vehicles, 20 walkie-talkies; armed police forces, 3 vehicles, shovels, pickaxes, 20 each. A number of cautionary equipment (colorful cloth, cordon, trombone, etc.).
5. Transportation security group
Lead unit: Provincial Department of Transportation
Responsibilities: responsible for the rescue of the road and keep the work.
Composition: 20 people.
Equipment: transportation emergency rescue vehicle 1, forklift, excavator, dump trucks each 1.
6. Emergency Rescue Group
Lead unit: Provincial Military Command
Cooperative unit: Provincial Armed Police Headquarters
Responsibilities: responsible for rescuing the trapped people, dispose of all kinds of emergency and dangerous tasks, remove the dangerous situation, rescue injured people.
Personnel composition: the provincial military region emergency rescue brigade 100 people, Chengguan District Fire Brigade (20 people), a total of 120 people.
Equipment configuration:
Provincial military region: emergency command vehicle 1, 1 forklift, excavator 1, dump truck 1, life detector, pickaxe, shovels, each 50.
Fire Brigade: 2 emergency rescue vehicles, other professional rescue tools.
7. Emergency Investigation Group
Lead unit: Provincial Department of Land and Resources
Cooperative units: Ministry of Land and Resources, Geological Disaster Emergency Technical Guidance Center, Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mining, Provincial Bureau of Meteorology, Provincial Geological Disaster Emergency Response Center
Responsibilities: Organization of experts to carry out landslide site investigation, assessment, monitoring and emergency disposal program development, to provide the command with the theoretical basis and parameters for the general command decision-making. parameters for the commander-in-chief decision-making.
Composition: the Ministry of Land and Resources, Geological Disaster Emergency Technical Guidance Center 11 people (satellite transmission vehicle 1, SUV 1, walkie-talkie 3); Provincial Bureau of Mines and Minerals 5 people (SUV 2); Provincial Bureau of Meteorology, 10 people (emergency monitoring equipment 1 set of 2 vehicles); Provincial Geological Disasters Emergency Expert Group of 5 people (Li Zhiheng, Wang Shiyu, Fang Jiansheng, Wang Dekai, Hu Xiangde); provincial geological and environmental monitoring institute monitoring (the provincial geology and environment monitoring institute); Provincial Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute (the provincial geology and environmental monitoring institute); Provincial Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute (the provincial geology and environment monitoring institute); provincial Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute (the provincial geology and environmental monitoring institute) Environmental Monitoring Institute monitoring (Provincial Geological Disaster Emergency Response Center) 50 people (2 vehicles, 4 handheld GPS, 2 cameras, 2 walkie-talkies); Provincial Department of Land and Resources Planning Institute 5 people (1 vehicle, 2 handheld GPS, 1 camera, 1 walkie-talkie); Provincial Geological and Mining Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Institute of 5 people (1 vehicle, 1 set of three-dimensional scanner, walkie-talkie); Provincial Surveying and Mapping Institute 10 people (2 vehicles. 1 set of drones, 1 set of walkie-talkie); Provincial Surveying and Mapping Institute 10 people (2 vehicles. 1 set of drones, 1 set of walkie-talkie); Provincial Surveying and Mapping Institute 10 people (2 vehicles. 2 vehicles. 1 set of drones, 1 set of walkie-talkie); Provincial Surveying and Mapping Bureau (2 vehicles. 1 set of drones, 1 set of drones, 2 walkie-talkies).
8. Health care group
Lead unit: Provincial Health Department
Cooperative unit: Lanzhou Municipal Health Bureau
Responsibilities: Responsible for the formation of on-site medical treatment team to treat and rescue the injured victims, on-site implementation of the emergency treatment, the transfer of critically injured, and to do a good job of the affected areas of the epidemic prevention and health.
Composition: 20 people.
Equipment: 2 ambulances, 5 stretcher, a number of first-aid equipment, 1 sanitary and epidemic prevention vehicle, 4 sprayers.
9. Publicity and Reporting Group
Lead Unit: Provincial Government Information Office
Cooperative Unit: Provincial Department of Land and Resources, Gansu Television, Lanzhou City Bureau of Land and Resources.
Responsibilities:Responsible for the comprehensive emergency drill news release and drill publicity.
Composition: 5 people from the provincial government information office; 8 people from Gansu TV, 1 director, 2 commentators, 5 people from the special film crew; other media reporters (Gansu Daily, Land and Resources Newspaper, Gansu Geology and Mineral Resources Newspaper, the West Business Newspaper, Lanzhou Evening News, Lanzhou Morning News, 1 reporter each).
Equipment configuration: publicity and reporting by the units as needed to bring their own equipment. Lanzhou Municipal Land Bureau 40 panels, banners 6 banners, spray painting 3. On-site audio equipment 1 set, 10 microphones (observation deck 4, alarm wireless microphone 2, 4 emergency command), 2 tweeters, a projector, portable computers, 2 printers.
10. Communication security group
Lead unit: China Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute (Ministry of Land and Resources, Geological Disaster Emergency Response Technical Guidance Center)
Cooperative unit: Information Center of the Department of Land and Resources
Responsibilities: Responsible for the on-site exercise broadcasting through the Ministry of the Ministry of the Information Center to the provincial, municipal and county levels of the Ministry of Land and Resources departments to provide video transmission.
Equipment: a set of on-site satellite broadcasting system.
(C) exercise organization and coordination
(1) host: Gansu Provincial Department of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Land and Resources, Geological Disaster Emergency Response Technical Guidance Center
(2) contractor: the provincial Geological Disaster Emergency Response Center, Lanzhou Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources
(3) participating units: the Ministry of Land and Resources, Geological Disaster Emergency Response Technical Guidance Center; the provincial Geological Disaster Emergency Response Command member units and their departments
(3) participating units: the provincial Geological Disaster Emergency Response Command members and their respective departments. Emergency Response Command member units and their departments; the provincial Land Department Information Center, Planning Institute; Provincial Geological and Mining Bureau of the Second Survey Institute, the Third Survey Institute; Provincial Nonferrous Bureau; Provincial Surveying and Mapping Bureau; Lanzhou Municipality, Chengguan District Government and related departments.
(4) observation unit: each city (state) emergency response command members of sudden geological disasters in each city (state) Land and Resources Bureau video conference room to watch the live video.
Four, exercise content
1. exercise background
assuming that Lanzhou City suffered heavy rainfall, major landslide disaster in Kyushu, the site of the people trapped, and threaten the lives and property of more than 800 people. City and district governments and geological disaster prevention and control authorities received the alarm, immediately start the geological disaster emergency plan, pre-emptive emergency response; the provincial government emergency committee received the disaster, the risk of alarm, decided to immediately start the provincial level of emergency response to sudden geological disasters, and at the same time reported to the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Land and Resources in a timely manner to start the plan; Provincial Emergency Response Commander of Emergency Response to sudden geologic disasters, Shi Jun, vice governor of the province leaning forward Command, set up an emergency response headquarters at the disaster site, organizing the rapid implementation of emergency rescue and disposal of geological disasters.
2. Exercise content
The exercise set the main content of the exercise response start, emergency response, response lifting, exercise evaluation and so on. Site layout partition including emergency command observation area, accident rescue and evacuation area, medical rescue area, resettlement area, publicity area, emergency equipment display area, vehicle parking area, temporary parking lot and other exercise areas.
3. Exercise procedures
Exercise **** is divided into five phases: rapid reporting of danger and disaster, emergency response phase, emergency response phase, emergency response phase, response to lift the stage, the exercise assessment phase. The drill procedure is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Geological disaster emergency drill procedure block diagram
V. Drill guarantee
(1) drill preparation. The provincial Department of Land and Resources is in charge of the preparation of the drill. The script of the drill is prepared by the Provincial Geological Disaster Emergency Response Center.
(2) Drill coordination. It is recommended that the provincial government emergency office be asked to take charge of the coordination of the member units of the provincial emergency response headquarters for sudden geologic disasters.
(3) Equipment security. Geological disaster emergency investigation equipment by the provincial emergency response center. Among them, the remote consultation system and terminal equipment by the provincial emergency response center is responsible for contacting the Ministry of Land and Resources Emergency Response Technical Guidance Center rental equipment.
(4) Financial security. The total cost of the exercise is estimated at 400,000 yuan, which will be charged to the provincial emergency response center's emergency response capacity building funds.
Sixth, the drill requirements
(1) attaches great importance to the careful organization. The participating units to recognize the current serious situation facing the sudden natural disasters, to raise awareness of the importance of carrying out emergency drills, organized in strict accordance with the objectives of the work carefully, to ensure that the drills achieve practical results.
(2) Obey orders, follow the command. Participate in the drill unit should strictly obey the instructions given by the site commander, obey the leadership scheduling, resolutely implement the order, strictly prohibit unauthorized action, the strict implementation of the reporting system.
(3) Strengthen management to ensure safety. The participating units should be strictly in accordance with the program to determine the responsibilities and tasks carefully prepared; strengthen security education to ensure safety.
The second part of the exercise scene layout and process control
A, exercise scene layout
Exercise site Chengguan District, Kyushu Armed Forces training ground, the site is wide, wide field of vision, in line with the requirements of the exercise. According to the actual requirements of the exercise on the site of the eight regional arrangements: including emergency command observation area, accident rescue and evacuation area, medical rescue area, resettlement area, publicity area, emergency equipment display area, vehicle parking area, temporary parking lot. And draw the site layout, prepare regional isolation facilities and warning flags.
1. Emergency command and observation area
Build 16m × 10m observation platform; set up two rows of tables, government leaders and representatives of participating units seated. Observation platform on both sides of the 100 chairs, for other observers to be seated.
Establishment of the Emergency Command Tent 1, the internal layout of the meeting tables, chairs, microphones and other equipment, the area is mainly used for emergency command meeting.
2. Accident rescue and evacuation evacuation area
Located in the northern part of the exercise site, simulated the construction of private houses, the top of the slope using dump trucks to pour soil on-site simulation of the occurrence of landslides, the site issued an alarm, the site mainly simulated landslide alarm, personnel evacuation, the exercise officially began. The site layout of the two evacuation routes, mobilizing the masses, volunteers about 200 people at the scene to simulate the evacuation of personnel.
The dump truck dumping simulated landslide scenarios, landslides occurred after the destruction of houses, people trapped. The scene simulation houses do 5 mark, buried 5 dummies, simulated personnel buried. And arranged for five volunteers to play trapped injured people, in different parts of the body of the injured person painted red signs showing the injured parts.
Accident rescue area in the exercise process mainly by the provincial military region emergency rescue brigade, the armed police force sent large-scale equipment for debris removal, the use of life detector, search and rescue dogs and other search and rescue personnel.
3. Medical rescue area
The site is flat, suitable for parking ambulance vehicles, medical treatment. The injured (dummies and volunteers) transferred from the accident rescue area arrive at the tent and are treated by the medical rescue team in accordance with the rescue procedures and then carried to the ambulance for transportation.
4. Disaster victims resettlement area
By the land department, the civil affairs department on-site set up two tents, the provincial military region to set up two tents, can simulate the disaster victims resettlement, emergency command. From the evacuation of the evacuation area in accordance with the predetermined route of evacuation of the masses and volunteers in the area to simulate the resettlement, distribution of relief supplies and so on.
5. Publicity and reporting area
Publicity and reporting area set up geologic disaster prevention and control panels 40, spray paintings 2, 6 slogans, etc. will participate in the vehicle and the exercise area isolated.
Exercise site layout of publicity slogans six:
(1) Popularize knowledge of geological disaster prevention and control
(2) Improve the ability to prevent and control geological disasters
(3) Prevention and control of geologic hazards is everyone's responsibility
(4) protection of people's lives and property safety
(5) realize the harmony between man and nature
(6) Strengthen the geological disaster emergency response capacity
6. Emergency equipment display area
Remote sensing aircraft, three-dimensional scanner, emergency relay car, remote sensing aircraft, meteorological emergency equipment and other geological disaster emergency response equipment in the field after the disposal of the action is done, all concentrated in the equipment display area.
7. Exercise vehicle parking area
Divided into participating vehicles parking area and temporary parking lot. Vehicles participating in the exercise according to the designated location of uniform parking.
8. Temporary parking lot
Vehicles of all units are parked in the temporary parking lot in the designated location.
Second, participate in the process of control
The exercise process control as follows:
9:00, each unit of the exercise personnel arrived in front of the observation deck assembly area, the lead personnel to sign in, held a preparatory meeting for the exercise, announced that the exercise notes.
9:30, the official start of the drill
Introduction of the background and drill personnel 10 minutes.
9:40, the official start of the exercise
Simulation of landslides, emergency evacuation of personnel for five minutes, Lanzhou City, at all levels of government fleet arrived at the scene, to carry out the first disposal, and set up an emergency command tent.
9:45-9:50, Lanzhou Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Chengguan District Bureau of Land and Resources vehicles in turn into the scene, to carry out preliminary investigation, and set up emergency command tents (9:45-10:20).
9:50, the provincial geological disaster rescue members of the unit report
The units of vehicles to the command area, in order to order to the command area to report to the report, after the report in the designated location to start the action, the units report time is limited to 5 minutes, in the report after the completion of the report, the head of the unit can be to the unit personnel to give the order, lines according to the content of the exercise designed by themselves.
9:50-9:55, the land and resources system units to report, in accordance with the Office of the Environment, Geological Hazards Emergency Response Center, the Planning Institute, Surveying and Mapping Institute sorting, the unit vehicles from the designated location in order to the podium in front of a unified site, queuing up, by the representative of the Provincial Department of the report, and then the vehicle in accordance with the designated routes to return to the parking area, the investigation team went to the site of the landslides Carry out emergency clearance. On-site investigation time (9:55-10:30)
9:55-10:00, the public security department emergency rescue team reported to the scene, vehicles in order to enter the scene, to the podium in front of the personnel unified parade, by the person in charge of the commander-in-chief report, report is completed, the vehicle to the designated area to park, the personnel began to maintain the traffic and Security guard (10:00-11:00).
10:00-10:05, the provincial military region emergency rescue brigade reported to the provincial military region, 10 vehicles unified number, in turn into the scene, to the podium in front of a unified line of personnel, the person in charge of the commander-in-chief report, report is completed after the large-scale disaster relief vehicles to the designated area to park, the delivery of tents vehicles to reach the resettlement area to set up tents (10:00-10:30). -10:30), rescue personnel first launched personnel search and rescue (10:00-10:30), and then house demolition construction (10:30-11:00).
10:05-10:10, the provincial armed police and fire departments arrived at the scene to report, armed police vehicles in order to the podium to report to the podium, to the podium in front of a unified line of personnel, the person in charge of the commander-in-chief report, report is completed after the large relief vehicles to the designated area to park, the rescue personnel to start the first personnel search and rescue (10:05-10:30), and then the house demolition construction (10:30-11:00). -10:30), and then house demolition construction (10:30-11:00).
10:10-10:15, the medical rescue team reported, vehicles in order to enter the podium in front of the personnel get out of the unified formation, the person in charge of the commander-in-chief report, report after the medical ambulance to the designated area parked, to wait for the Provincial Military District and the Armed Police and Fire Brigade will be stretcher personnel to the implementation of on-site disposal, and transfer of personnel (10:15-10:30). -10:30).
10:15-10:20, civil rescue teams report, vehicles in order to enter the podium, personnel get out of the uniform formation, the person in charge of the commander-in-chief report, after the report is completed material delivery vehicles to reach the resettlement area of the victims, to the participants in the distribution of mineral water, simulation of the distribution of rescue materials (10:25-11:00). The first time the show was held was at the end of the day, when the show was over, the people who were in the area were given mineral water.)
10:20-10:25, the meteorological system team reported to the podium in order to enter the vehicle in front of the personnel get out of the uniform formation, the person in charge of the report to the commander-in-chief, after the report is completed, the vehicle to transport equipment to the designated place to set up instruments for monitoring (10:25-11:00).
10:25-10:30, expert consultation
Expert consultation, mainly by the experts to speak, the formation of disposal opinions.
10:30-10:40, the first meeting, 10 minutes
Meeting report process: Lanzhou City, the overview of the disaster and the first disposal (10:30-10:32) - Provincial Department of Land and Resources to introduce the preliminary investigation of landslides -Experts introduce the development of landslides and recommendations (10:33-10:35) -Commander-in-chief to do the work of deployment (10:36-10:38).
10:40, press conference
Provincial Information Office presided over: Provincial Emergency Response Office to introduce the landslide rescue work - Lanzhou City, an overview of the disaster - to hold the first press conference for 10 minutes, the reporter asked questions.
10:40, on-site personnel rescue, transfer of the injured, 10 minutes.
10:50, second meeting on rescue and relief
The second meeting on rescue and relief was held for 10 minutes.
11:00, second press conference
The second press conference will be held for 10 minutes.
11:10,Drill staff assembly
Drill staff assembly for 5 minutes.
11:15, Drill Evaluation
Drill Evaluation 15 minutes.
11:30,End of drill.
Three, the general requirements of the exercise
(1) the units in accordance with the schedule developed by the exercise, strict punctuality, should try to arrive at the exercise site in advance;
(2) before the official start of the exercise, the units of personnel unified to the command stage in front of the concentration, held in the exercise to explain the matter, the formal opening of the exercise in addition to the participants, other personnel are not allowed to walk around in the exercise field.
(3) each unit should strictly abide by the exercise procedures, according to the script developed by the director of the department to do a good job of the disposal of the department of action;
(4) the exercise is a live simulation of the exercise, using the entire live video broadcast. Therefore, the participating units should be in accordance with the actual needs of the rescue work, uniform dress;
(5) the unit vehicles should strictly abide by the parking system, on-site parking in the temporary parking lot and the participation of vehicle parking lot. Participating vehicles after participating in the exercise, should be parked in the original site according to the designated location, shall not be randomly parked;
(6) each unit of the participating vehicles should be made signs or flags, marked with the words of the geologic disaster emergency rescue and the name of the unit, in order to facilitate the scheduling;
(7) each unit of the disposal of personnel should be on-site action should be reported after the start of the time until the stipulated time, by the director of the Department of the instructions issued, then end the action After the director's instructions, then end the action.
(8) the unit head of each participating unit in front of the command stage report to the unit participants issued orders, the person in charge of the unified focus to the site command, held the first meeting. After the meeting, you can go to the scene command. To the command issued the second meeting room, still concentrated in the field command, held a second meeting, after the meeting, that is, to the scene to the department of the participants in the evacuation instructions.
(9) each unit reporting time is limited to 5 minutes, after the completion of the report, the head of each unit can give orders to their own personnel;
(10) due to the exercise site vehicles, more personnel, the participating units should be strict security system to protect the safety of the participants;
(11) after the end of the exercise, all the participants are concentrated in front of the podium to participate in the The exercise evaluation, may not leave the field in advance;
(12) Participants and volunteers should be unified to wear signage.
Presidency photo
Landslide simulation
Emergency center participants
Emergency investigators on-site records
Site emergency broadcast
Fire emergency rescue arrived at the site of the landslide
Panoramic view of the drill site
Provincial emergency expert group on-site survey
Shi Jun, vice-governor of the Ministry of emergency response (third from right) visited the Ministry of emergency response. 3rd from right) visits the Emergency Response Vehicle of the Ministry's Emergency Response Technical Guidance Center
UAV setup
Site meeting
People evacuation
Personnel rescue
Provincial military emergency response brigade
Secretary Kang Zhaan's speech
Secretary Kang Zhaan introduces the Emergency Response Vehicle to Vice-Governor Shijun
Lanzhou City's Vice-Mayor Yu Jingdong with Secretary Kang Zhan and Director Zhang Mechanics