Industrial pollution prevention and control is the focus of China's environmental protection work
Compared with the past, China's industrial pollution prevention and control strategy is now undergoing major changes, gradually shifting from end-of-pipe to source and whole-process control, from concentration control to a combination of total volume and concentration control, from point-source management to comprehensive watershed and regional management, and from simple corporate management to adjusting industrial structure, cleaner production and the development of a circular economy. Compared with 1995, in 2004, the national emissions per unit of GDP of industrial wastewater, industrial chemical oxygen demand, industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial soot and industrial dust decreased by 58%, 72%, 42%, 55% and 39% respectively. Compared with 1990, the national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP in 2004 fell by 45%, the cumulative savings and less energy 700 million tons of standard coal; coal consumption of thermal power supply, tons of steel comparable energy consumption, comprehensive energy consumption of cement were reduced by 11.2%, 29.6% and 21.9% respectively.
The elimination and closure of a number of technologically backward and seriously polluting enterprises
wasted resources. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" (1996-2000), the state closed 84,000 small enterprises that seriously wasted resources and polluted the environment. from 2001-2004, it issued three consecutive catalogs to phase out outdated production capacity, processes and products, eliminating more than 30,000 enterprises that wasted resources and polluted the environment. In 2005, it shut down more than 2,600 enterprises in iron and steel, cement, ferroalloys, coking, paper making, textile printing and dyeing, etc., which were seriously polluting and did not conform to industrial policies, and it also suspended cement, ferroalloys, coking, paper making, textile printing and dyeing, etc., which were seriously polluting and did not conform to industrial policies. In 2005, it shut down more than 2,600 enterprises of iron and steel, cement, ferroalloy, coking, paper making, textile printing and dyeing, etc., which were not in line with industrial policies, and actively carried out comprehensive treatment and technological transformation of heavy polluting industries such as cement, electric power, iron and steel, paper making and chemical industry, so that the intensity of major pollutant emissions from these industries showed a continuous downward trend despite the annual increase in production.
Carrying out circular economy practices
One is the implementation of clean production, making full use of resources at the source and throughout the entire process of enterprise production, minimizing, resourceful and harmless wastes, gradually establishing the extended producer responsibility system, and promoting product eco-design. At present, more than 5,000 enterprises in the chemical, light industry, electric power, coal, machinery, building materials and other industries have passed cleaner production audits, and more than 12,000 enterprises nationwide have obtained ISO14000 environmental management system certification, while more than 800 enterprises with more than 18,000 specifications of products have obtained environmental labeling certification, with an annual output value of about RMB 60 billion. Secondly, eco-industry is being actively developed in areas of industrial concentration, so that the wastes of upstream enterprises can become the raw materials of downstream enterprises, extending the production chain, minimizing the amount of wastes generated, realizing "zero emission", and constructing eco-industrial zones, so as to realize the most effective utilization of resources in the region or group of enterprises. At present, China has established 17 different types of eco-industrial parks. Thirdly, it is planning the development of industry and agriculture, production and consumption, and urban and rural areas in an integrated manner, vigorously developing the resource recycling industry, and implementing sustainable production and consumption. The State has selected 82 units to carry out the first batch of circular economy pilot projects in key industries, key fields, industrial parks and relevant provinces and cities. Pilot work on the construction of recycling systems for renewable resources has been carried out in 24 cities, including Beijing and Shanghai. Hainan, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other 9 provinces actively carry out the construction of ecological provinces, the country's 150 counties and cities to carry out the creation of ecological counties (cities).
Actively Preventing Environmental Emergencies
In 2005, the Chinese government formulated the National Emergency Response Plan for Environmental Emergencies, which puts forward clear requirements for the reception, reporting, processing and statistical analysis of information on environmental emergencies, as well as the monitoring of early-warning information and the release of information. The State has formulated and improved nine relevant environmental emergency response plans, including the water environment emergency response plan for sensitive waters in key basins, the air environment emergency response plan, the hazardous chemicals (waste chemicals) emergency response plan, and the nuclear and radiation emergency response plan, as well as the Water Environment Emergency Response Plan for the Sensitive Sections of the Yellow River Basin, the Emergency Response Plan for Disposal of Chemical Terrorist Attacks, the Emergency Response Plan for Disposal of Nuclear and Radiological Terrorist Attacks, the Emergency Response Plan for Agricultural Environmental Pollution Emergencies", "Emergency Response Plan for Major Agricultural Pests and Exotic Biological Invasions Emergencies" and other emergency response plans for environmental emergencies. In recent years, China has conducted environmental risk screening of 127 key chemical and petrochemical projects located near environmentally sensitive areas such as river, lake and sea coastlines, densely populated areas, and nature reserves across the country; and conducted comprehensive, dragnet-style inspections of nearly 50,000 key enterprises.
Implementing a whole-process management system for industrial hazardous waste
In 2003, the country began to implement the National Plan for Construction of Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facilities, and strengthened various systems such as the Joint Statement of Transfer of Industrial Hazardous Waste, and the Operating License, etc. In 2005, the amount of industrial hazardous waste disposed of increased from 1.31 million tons in 1998 to 3.39 million tons. Solid waste management centers have been established in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.
Strict nuclear and radiation environmental safety management
China*** has 5 nuclear power plants (9 nuclear power units) and 18 research reactors in operation, and 2 nuclear power plants (4 nuclear power units) and 1 research reactor under construction, with no major nuclear safety problems, and has achieved the goal of "protecting the staff, the public and the environment from radiation exposure and contamination in excess of the national limits". The goal of "protecting workers, the public and the environment from radiation exposure and contamination in excess of the national prescribed limits" has been realized. China strictly abides by the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and implements a licensing system that stipulates that the import and export of radioactive sources must be subject to approval and other relevant procedures in accordance with the law.