Since the mid-20th century, some developed countries have realized that the competition of comprehensive national strength has been concentrated in the field of innovation, and the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements and the industrialization of high-tech are recognized as the key to competition. Governments all over the world have formulated new innovation support policies and embarked on the road of innovation and development. At present, China lags far behind the advanced countries in the world in innovation. The Hong Kong Economic Herald once published an article by Han Shan, a scholar, pointing out that China is known as the "world factory", and its manufacturing economy accounts for 6% of the world, but its R&D investment only accounts for 0.3% of the world's manufacturing technology. The number of patented inventions in China is only one thirtieth of that in the United States, Japan and South Korea. In academic circles, China's scientific and technological innovation also lags far behind that of developed countries. The Nobel Prize is held by European and American scientists, and so far no China scientist has won the laurel. Innovation needs not only an open mind, smart wisdom, but also a good environment. The author tries to discuss the reasons for China's lack of innovation from two aspects from the perspective of a college student. I historical, cultural, social and environmental reasons 1. Historical, cultural and political influence. Needless to say, the despotism of the Qin Dynasty was the beginning of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" in the Han Dynasty. Since then, Confucian culture has ruled the land of China. First of all, the thought of "great unification" of Confucian culture has influenced our innovative thinking. "Great Unity" emphasizes a high degree of unity of national politics and culture. Its positive significance is to emphasize the collective consciousness, but to obliterate the individual's subjective consciousness and will. The influence of the thought of "great unification" on education is mainly manifested in the fact that the educational circles often pursue ready-made conclusions or knowledge products, showing a unified value orientation. At the same time, the doctrine of the mean advocated by Confucian culture also restricts our innovative thinking. On the premise of harmony and unity, The Doctrine of the Mean emphasizes that the development of people and things should be moderate and within appropriate limits, and there is no problem of "offside" or "failure". 2. Academic tradition. China has always been a country that does not pay attention to innovation. Even if ancient scholars were innovative, they adopted the so-called "Six Classics Annotate Me" method, that is, they expressed their original ideas by expounding the classics. Most of China's ancient academic works took this form, such as Lun Heng and Wen Xin Diao Long. In addition to "Annotate me on the Six Classics", there is another method of academic works called "Annotate me on the Six Classics", that is, I completely put my opinions on the annotations of classic works, which is typically water mirror annotations. This academic tradition has an inestimable influence on scholars and the public. Yan Fu once said: "Oriental studies are mainly liberal arts, and Western studies are highly innovative. The starting point for everyone to love Mr. Qian Zhongshu may be Boya, not how many major ideas he put forward. " This writing method of "six classics note me" and "six classics note me" finally reached its acme in the second half of last century and before the 1980s. At that time, China's academic works and discussion articles often did not discuss the right or wrong of the theory itself, nor expounded his own thoughts, but compared who understood Marx and Lenin's thoughts more accurately, or compared whether Marx's early views and his later views were more in line with the continuation of Marxist style of study, and whether it influenced China's academics to some extent. Did it lead to the lack of creativity and the overall low academic ability of China scholars? I think there must be an internal connection. 3. Educational tradition and present situation. The most prominent phenomenon of the doctrine of the mean in education is that teachers have a preference for students who follow the rules and regulations, and try their best to suppress students who differ in words and deeds and thinking, and strive to transform them into standard parts that meet the norms. I don't know how many talented teenagers have been killed by such norms. People with innovative thinking are often whimsical. For example, encourage American scientists to think differently from ordinary people, encourage their innovative spirit, and challenge various assumptions. In primary and secondary schools, the United States ranks 28th or 30th in the world, but it ranks first in the world in the Nobel Prize ranking, and this number one will remain for many years. The lack of students' innovative spirit is also determined by China's current education system. Under the current education system, the only indicator to measure the level of running a school is the enrollment rate. Leaders, teachers and students all turn under the baton of the college entrance examination. All the work of the school is to improve the enrollment rate. The pursuit of test scores has gone crazy, and rote learning has become a magic weapon to win high scores. Although middle school students in China have won prizes frequently in international Olympic competitions, it is also the result of a large number of difficult exercises. In fact, the innovative thinking of the players has not been sublimated, and the real innovative spirit and innovative thinking have not been formed. The lack of innovative spirit of primary and middle school students fundamentally restricts the innovation and development of science and technology in China. 4. Scientific research atmosphere. Wu Shuo, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor of Tsinghua University, said: "In our scientific and technological environment, there is a principle of' no failure'. Researchers are afraid of failure, which means that researchers' evaluation, research funding and many other aspects will be affected, and researchers will also have great psychological pressure. Innovative spirit is an important prerequisite for scientific achievements. If you dare not innovate and try, naturally there will be no new ideas and new achievements. At the same time, there is still an atmosphere of quick success and instant benefit in the scientific community. Can't bear hardships, unwilling to be lonely, can't calm down and study hard. This aspect is closely related to the national policy orientation. Second, the status quo of innovation and environment in China 1. The level of scientific research innovation is not high. At present, China still strives for its competitive advantage in the world with cheap labor, resource consumption and preferential policies, but its originality and self-sufficiency in key technologies are dwarfed. Relevant data show that China's scientific and technological innovation capability ranks 28th among 49 major countries in the world. There is a serious shortage of funds for scientific research. There is still a big gap between R&D level and advanced countries, and the proportion of actual investment in GDP is only 1. 15%, which is one-third of that of the United States and Germany and one-half of that of South Korea. There are also some shortcomings in the scientific research system. For example, at present, the application for domestic scientific research funds must produce results within three to five years, which is one of the main reasons for the wind of quick success and instant benefit in domestic academic circles. 2. The status quo of enterprise innovation is worrying. Relevant data show that at present, 7 1% of large and medium-sized enterprises in China have no technology development institutions, and two-thirds have not carried out technology development activities. In particular, more than 80% of China's urgently needed high-tech products with strategic significance, such as aviation equipment, precision instruments, medical equipment and construction machinery, still rely on imports; Some state-owned enterprises and powerful private enterprises obviously lack the digestion and absorption of imported technology and the ability of secondary innovation. In recent years, more than 60% of China's trillions of investment in fixed assets and equipment is imported. Moreover, the structure of imported technology is extremely unreasonable. The ratio of the total amount of technology introduction funds to the digested and absorbed funds of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in China is 1: 0.06. The number of Korean and Japanese enterprises reached 1: 5 to 1: 8. The technical warehouse of China's industrial enterprises has fallen into a strange circle of "backward introduction, repeated introduction and repeated backwardness". 3. The situation of intellectual property rights is not optimistic. Anhui Wanyan, who invented the world's first VCD, has disappeared from the market because she didn't apply for an invention patent, while DVD manufacturers in China are forced to pay 3 billion yuan in patent fees to foreign manufacturers every year. Due to the protection of patents, Philips' small razors can be sold for thousands of dollars in China, and the profit of a razor can be comparable to that of several domestic color TVs; Imitation has become a common practice in China, and soon after new products come out, similar products are flying all over the sky. In the final analysis, it is still caused by the imperfect intellectual property protection system in China. 3. Government functions and administrative monopoly need to be improved. Local government management agencies have irregular behaviors, misplaced roles and discontinuous policies. The government function setting itself has the color of planned economy system, and it is used to serving the public economy, but it has not fully established and fulfilled the management function of serving the mixed ownership of the whole society and private enterprises; There are also various policies to support the innovation of private enterprises, which are chaotic and even contradictory. This state is difficult to form an organic benign interaction between the government and the private economy, and the transparency, fairness, pertinence and execution of policies are greatly reduced. At present, the monopoly in China is basically an administrative monopoly, and the monopoly industry has gained benefits with little effort, thus losing the motivation for innovation. Third, strive to build an innovative country 1. Education and scientific and technological innovation. The first and most important thing is to reform the existing education system, promote the innovation of education concept, education content, education method, education means, education mechanism and education system, build a diversified flexible learning system, build a lifelong education system and create a learning society; Secondly, increase investment, especially basic research, and encourage diversified investment in the original research investment mechanism; The third is to reform the personnel system, establish an effective incentive mechanism and a fair competition order, and create a good environment for the return and growth of talents with long-term support policies. 2. Enterprise innovation. First of all, accelerate the construction of modern enterprise system, especially the protection of investors' income when the owner is in office, and so on; It is necessary to enact the Anti-Monopoly Law as soon as possible to break the monopoly of industries and industries, especially administrative monopoly, so that more enterprises with different ownership can enter the monopoly field and promote the realization of innovation through competition and opening up; Technological innovation is achieved through the elimination of organizations (that is, the government forces backward enterprises to close down through economic policy regulation). The essence of market competition is not only the elimination of products, but also the elimination of organizations. The elimination of disorganization will actually have a very negative impact on the development of the industry, the maintenance of competition order and the promotion of technological innovation of state-owned enterprises. Secondly, the government should vigorously promote it. The government should open up various channels to increase investment in technological innovation and increase the proportion of R&D funds in GDP (which should be about half that of developed countries); Strengthen the policy guidance for technological innovation of enterprises, focus on supporting a number of key technology development that plays an important role in industrial development and upgrading, and gradually guide enterprises to strengthen the mechanism construction of technological innovation. Third, vigorously improve the intellectual property protection system. We should implement intellectual property development strategy from international, national, local, industrial and enterprise levels, establish patent early warning mechanism, and enterprises should build core competitiveness with independent innovation of intellectual property rights. As early as 1993, Richard Nelson, a professor at Columbia University in the United States, together with more than 20 related scholars and experts, conducted a study entitled "Comparison of national innovation systems" and concluded that "national infrastructure, laws, financial institutions, fiscal policies, trade policies and macroeconomic environment will mainly affect innovation activities, and this will be long-term.
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