In order to strengthen the effective control of hazardous chemicals accidents, minimize the degree of accidents, ensure the safety of people's lives and property, and protect the environment, this emergency rescue plan is formulated according to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production and the Regulations of the State Council on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals.
First, the guiding ideology and principles of emergency rescue plan
Guiding ideology of emergency rescue plan: take Theory of Three Represents as the guide, embody people-oriented, and truly implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first". In the event of a dangerous chemical accident, rescue can be carried out in an orderly manner with the fastest speed and maximum efficiency, so as to minimize casualties and property losses, minimize accident hazards, and maintain the security and stability of the capital.
Principles of emergency rescue for hazardous chemical accidents: quick response, unified command, graded responsibility, combination of unit self-help and social rescue.
Second, the basic situation of dangerous chemicals in this city
Hazardous chemicals in this city involve production, storage, management, transportation, use and disposal. It involves factories, shopping malls, entertainment places, restaurants, schools, scientific research units, families and many other aspects. The city involves all eight categories of dangerous chemicals and more than 2,000 varieties.
There are 303 1 business units of hazardous chemicals in the city, including 3 15 production units; 44 storage units; Business units 1547 (including more than 0/000 gas stations/KLOC); 146 transport unit (1927 transport vehicle); 953 users; 3 waste disposal units. There are 6047 kilometers of gas pipeline, 585 pressure regulating stations, 6 natural gas spherical tanks 16 and 7 horizontal gas storage tanks 1 17. The number of employees is about 6.5438+0.6 million.
Three, the accident category and disposal measures
Hazardous chemical accidents mainly include leakage and fire (explosion). Among them, fire is divided into solid fire, liquid fire and gas fire. The main reasons are human error and equipment defects.
According to different accident types, different treatment measures are taken. The main measures include: fire extinguishing, ignition, isolation, blocking, interception, dilution, neutralization, covering, pressure relief, transfer and collection.
Four, the accident site area division
Hazardous chemical accidents are divided into three areas according to the hazard scope:
(1) accident center area. The central area is 0 ~ 500m away from the accident site. The concentration index of dangerous chemicals in this area is high, and the dangerous chemicals spread, accompanied by explosion, fire, damage to buildings, facilities and equipment, and acute poisoning of personnel.
(2) the area affected by the accident. The accident affected area is 500 ~ 1000 meters away from the accident site. The concentration of dangerous chemicals in the air in this area is high and the action time is long, which may cause harm or damage to people or articles.
(3) Affected areas. The affected area refers to the area that may be affected outside the accident affected area, and there may be small doses of dangerous chemicals spreading from the central area and the affected area in this area.
Five, dangerous chemicals accident emergency rescue organization and responsibilities
(1) Emergency rescue headquarters for hazardous chemical accidents.
The establishment of the city's emergency rescue headquarters for hazardous chemical accidents, responsible for organizing the implementation of emergency rescue work for hazardous chemical accidents.
Composition of emergency rescue headquarters for hazardous chemical accidents:
General Manager: Deputy Mayor in charge of production safety.
Deputy Commander: Deputy Secretary-General in charge of the municipal government; Responsible comrades of Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau and Municipal Public Security Bureau
Member units: General Office of the Municipal Government, Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau Fire Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau Traffic Management Bureau, Municipal Health Bureau, Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Meteorological Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Industrial Promotion Bureau, Municipal Supervision Bureau, Municipal Propaganda Department, relevant district and county governments, and Beijing Military Region Chemical Defense Force.
(2) the responsibilities of the headquarters
After the hazardous chemicals accident, the commander-in-chief or the commander-in-chief entrusts the deputy commander-in-chief to rush to the scene of the accident to conduct on-site command, set up the on-site headquarters, approve the on-site rescue plan and organize on-site rescue. Responsible for organizing emergency rescue drills for hazardous chemical accidents in the whole city, and supervising and inspecting emergency drills of various systems and districts and counties.
(3) the responsibilities of the member units
1. General Office of the municipal government: to undertake accident reports of hazardous chemicals; Ask the commander-in-chief to start the emergency rescue plan; Notify the member units of the headquarters to rush to the scene of the accident immediately; Coordinate the emergency rescue work of all member units; Timely report the accident and emergency rescue progress to the State Council and the municipal party committee and municipal government; Implement the instructions and instructions of the leading comrades of the Central Committee, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government on accident rescue.
2. Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau: responsible for the daily work of the emergency rescue headquarters for hazardous chemical accidents. Supervise and inspect all districts and counties and dangerous chemicals business units to formulate emergency rescue plans; Organize the city's emergency rescue simulation drills; Responsible for the establishment of emergency rescue expert group, organize experts to carry out emergency rescue consulting services; Organize the investigation and handling of hazardous chemical accidents.
3. Municipal Public Security Bureau: responsible for making emergency plans for personnel evacuation and accident site. Organize accidents that may endanger the evacuation of people in the area, conduct public security management in the evacuation area, and participate in accident investigation and handling.
4. Fire Department of Municipal Public Security Bureau: responsible for formulating leakage and fire fighting plans. Be responsible for extinguishing the fire at the scene of the accident, controlling the leakage of flammable, explosive and toxic substances, and controlling the cooling of related equipment and containers. After the accident is controlled, be responsible for decontamination; Organize search and rescue for the wounded.
5. Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of the Municipal Public Security Bureau: responsible for formulating emergency plans for traffic disposal. Responsible for the traffic control of roads around the accident site area, prohibit irrelevant vehicles from entering the dangerous area, and ensure the smooth rescue roads.
6. Municipal Health Bureau: responsible for formulating emergency plans for the treatment of the wounded. Determine the designated hospitals for professional treatment and rescue of the injured, and train the corresponding medical personnel; Instruct designated hospitals to reserve corresponding medical equipment and emergency medicines; Responsible for the deployment of medical personnel, medical instruments and first-aid drugs at the scene of the accident, and organize on-site rescue and transfer of the wounded. Responsible for the statistics of casualty accidents.
7. Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau: responsible for formulating emergency plans for monitoring hazardous chemical pollution accidents and controlling environmental hazards. Be responsible for determining the composition and degree of environmental hazards at the accident site in time; Issue warnings, propose control measures and monitor areas that may have long-term environmental impacts; After the accident is controlled, guide to eliminate the environmental pollution caused by harmful substances left at the scene. Responsible for investigating major hazardous chemical pollution accidents and ecological damage incidents.
8. Municipal Transportation Commission: responsible for formulating traffic emergency plans. Designate emergency transport units to supervise the maintenance of emergency vehicles, train drivers, and organize the transportation of emergency materials and emergency personnel at the scene of the accident.
9. Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision: responsible for formulating emergency plans for accidents of special equipment such as pressure vessels and pressure pipelines. Put forward the disposal scheme of special equipment such as pressure vessels and pressure pipelines at the accident site.
10. Municipal Meteorological Bureau: responsible for formulating emergency meteorological service plans. Responsible for providing meteorological data such as wind direction, wind speed, temperature, air pressure, humidity and rainfall for the accident site.
1 1. Municipal Development and Reform Commission: responsible for formulating the emergency relief material supply guarantee scheme. Responsible for organizing the deployment of emergency equipment and materials.
12. Municipal Industrial Promotion Bureau: Participate in organizing and preparing emergency rescue equipment and materials.
VI. Emergency rescue procedures
(1) In the event of a dangerous chemical accident, the main person in charge of the unit shall immediately organize rescue according to the emergency rescue plan formulated by the unit, and immediately report to the local department responsible for the comprehensive work of safety supervision and management of dangerous chemicals and the departments of public security, environmental protection and quality inspection, and all departments shall immediately rush to the scene of the accident.
(two) after receiving the accident report, the district and county people's governments shall immediately do a good job of command and leadership in accordance with the emergency rescue plan for dangerous chemical accidents in the district and county. The departments responsible for the comprehensive work of safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals at the county level and the relevant departments of environmental protection, public security and health shall organize and implement rescue according to the requirements of the local emergency rescue plan, and shall not delay or shirk. The district and county people's governments and their relevant departments shall immediately take necessary measures to reduce accident losses and prevent the spread and expansion of accidents.
(III) When the county people's government determines that hazardous chemical accidents cannot be quickly and effectively controlled or have caused heavy casualties, it shall immediately report to the general office of the municipal government and request the municipal emergency rescue headquarters for support. All members of the command immediately rushed to the scene of the accident to carry out rescue work after receiving the notice.
Seven, the establishment and responsibilities of on-site rescue professional group
According to the actual situation of the accident, the emergency rescue headquarters of hazardous chemicals set up the following rescue professional groups:
(1) Hazard source control group: responsible for on-site rescue operations in emergencies, timely control hazards, and immediately organize special protective articles and tools according to the nature of hazardous chemicals. This group is composed of the Fire Bureau of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, and its personnel are composed of fire brigades, corporate voluntary fire rescue teams and experts. This group is in charge of the fire department of the Municipal Public Security Bureau.
(2) The wounded rescue team: responsible for setting up temporary medical rescue points in a safe area near the site, giving emergency treatment to the wounded and escorting the seriously wounded to the hospital for further treatment. The group consists of the emergency center of the Municipal Health Bureau or a designated hospital with corresponding capabilities. Medical institutions should implement rescue plans according to the characteristics of injuries and poisoning. This group is in charge of the Municipal Health Bureau.
(3) Fire fighting and rescue team: responsible for on-site fire fighting after the accident, on-site search and rescue of the wounded, cooling of equipment and containers, rescue of the wounded, decontamination of polluted areas, etc. It consists of the fire department of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the voluntary fire rescue team of the enterprise. The group is under the responsibility of the Municipal Public Security Fire Bureau.
(4) Safety evacuation group: responsible for providing protection guidance, personnel evacuation and material transfer around the site. It is composed of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, the security personnel of the accident unit and the relevant departments of the local government, and the Municipal Public Security Bureau is responsible for it.
(5) Security team: responsible for arranging security, prohibiting irrelevant personnel and vehicles from entering dangerous areas, and conducting security patrols in evacuation areas. This group is composed of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, which is responsible for it.
(6) Material supply group: responsible for organizing the supply of emergency materials and organizing vehicles to transport emergency materials. It is composed of municipal development and reform commission, municipal industrial promotion bureau, municipal transportation commission and other departments. Responsible by the Municipal Development and Reform Commission.
(7) Environmental monitoring group: responsible for immediate environmental monitoring of atmosphere, water body and soil. Determine the composition and concentration of harmful substances, determine the scope of polluted areas, evaluate the impact of accidents on the environment, formulate environmental restoration plans and organize their implementation. It is composed of environmental monitoring and chemical testing institutions, and the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau is responsible for it.
(8) Expert Advisory Group: responsible for proposing emergency rescue plans and safety measures for accident emergency rescue, and providing technical advice for on-site command and rescue work. This group consists of the Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau and the Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau. Responsible by the Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau.
Eight. supplementary terms
(a) the emergency rescue plan management unit is the Municipal Administration of Work Safety, which is revised once every two years and revised in time when necessary.
(two) the member units of the municipal emergency rescue headquarters for hazardous chemicals shall formulate the implementation plan according to this plan.
(3) In case of serious accidents, this plan shall be implemented simultaneously with Beijing Emergency Rescue Plan for Serious Production Safety Accidents.
Attachment: 1. Basic situation of hazardous chemicals in Beijing
Second, the dangerous chemicals accident treatment measures
Three, dangerous chemicals accident site area division
4. Address Book of Beijing Emergency Rescue Command for Hazardous Chemical Accidents
Annex I:
Basic situation of hazardous chemicals in Beijing
(1) Scope, industry and characteristics of hazardous chemicals involved in Beijing
Hazardous chemicals in Beijing involve production, management, transportation, storage, use and waste disposal. According to the Dangerous Goods List (GB 12268- 1990), there are more than 2,000 kinds of dangerous chemicals commonly used in Beijing, involving chemical industry, petrochemicals, medicine, textiles, light industry, metallurgy, railways, civil aviation, highways, materials, agriculture, environmental protection, geology, aerospace and so on.
Explosives are involved according to the Classification and Commodity Name Number of Dangerous Goods (GB6944-86); Compressed gas and liquefied gas; Flammable liquid; Flammable solids; Spontaneous combustion articles and flammable articles when wet; Oxidant and organic peroxide; Poison; Infectious articles; Radioactive substances; Eight kinds of corrosive products.
Due to the complex nature of hazardous chemicals, which are flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful, any improper or omission in the process of production, transportation, storage, management, use and disposal will lead to chain accidents such as leakage, explosion and fire, which will cause great harm to people's lives and property, ecological environment and social stability, with very serious consequences.
As a traditional industry in Beijing, Beijing's chemical industry plays an important role in the economic construction of the capital. Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Beijing Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Dongfang Petrochemical Co., Ltd. are all backbone enterprises and large income families in Beijing. There are many small chemical plants around Beijing, which is another feature of Beijing's dangerous chemicals. In addition, universities and research institutes in Beijing are relatively concentrated, and there are a large number of users who use chemicals, especially highly toxic chemicals. In recent years, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing has increased rapidly, and the use of motor gasoline has increased significantly. The city is full of gas stations. Flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful and dangerous chemicals and hazards constitute the hidden dangers of accidents in Beijing.
Characteristics of hidden dangers of hazardous chemicals accidents in Beijing;
1. Complexity: The production, storage, management, transportation and use of hazardous chemicals are often located in areas with high population density, concentrated assets and special environment. The consequences of the accident are more serious and the prevention and control are more complicated.
2. Concentration: From the perspective of regional planning, the production and storage of various hazardous chemicals are relatively concentrated, and once an accident occurs, it is easy to produce a chain reaction. For example, Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co., Ltd. concentrates on the production, use and storage of a large number of dangerous chemicals. In addition, Beijing is planning to build a chemical trading market, which will also be centralized.
3. Decentralization: There are many units that produce, store, manage, transport and use hazardous chemicals in Beijing 18.
4. Liquidity: refers to dangerous chemicals in the form of sports. There are more than 2,000 vehicles specialized in transporting dangerous chemicals in Beijing. In addition, there are many vehicles transporting dangerous chemicals in and out of Beijing every day.
5. Extensiveness: With the development of urban construction, the urban gas pipeline network composed of various combustible gas pipelines has become the most important and widely distributed source of dangerous chemicals in the city. There are more and more kinds of chemicals in daily life. Including toilet cleaner, lighter, perfume, mousse, rodenticide, insecticide, sanitary ball, etc.
6. Pollution: Dangerous chemical accidents are often accompanied by serious environmental pollution, and sometimes the impact on the environment will be long and the potential harm will be more serious.
(II) Distribution of hazardous chemicals in Beijing
Units involved in flammable, explosive, toxic and dangerous chemicals in Beijing are: production, storage, management, transportation, use and waste disposal units.
1, production, storage, operation, transportation, use and waste disposal units.
There are 303 1 business units of hazardous chemicals in the city, including 3 15 production units; 44 storage units; Business units 1547 (including more than 0/000 gas stations/KLOC); 146 transport unit (1927 transport vehicle); 953 users; 3 waste disposal units;
2, dangerous chemicals transport unit
There are 146 commercial transport operators of hazardous chemicals in the city, 1927 vehicles with 9,689 tons, with an average of 13.2 vehicles per household and an average tonnage of 5 tons. Among them, special hazardous chemicals transport tankers 1284 vehicles and 6 187 tons, accounting for 66.6% and 63.8% of all vehicles and tonnage respectively, with an average tonnage of 4.8 tons. Vehicles have passed the safety inspection of dangerous chemicals transport vehicles, and all of them have reached the first level.
The types of goods transported by commercial transport operators of dangerous chemicals involve eight types of dangerous goods listed in national standards, among which the transportation volume of refined oil, liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas is relatively large, accounting for about 70% of the total transportation volume of dangerous chemicals. Dangerous chemicals transport vehicles are mainly concentrated in Fengtai, Fangshan, Chaoyang, Haidian, Daxing, Tongzhou, Shunyi and Changping, with a total of 1693 vehicles, accounting for 88% of the city's dangerous chemicals transport vehicles. The number of vehicles transporting dangerous chemicals into and out of Beijing is also considerable.
3, the city gas situation
There are more than 6,047 kilometers of gas pipelines in Beijing (including ultra-high pressure168km, high pressure 336km, medium pressure1.736km and low pressure 3807km), 585 pressure regulating stations, 65,438 spherical tanks (natural gas) and 65,438 horizontal tanks (artificial gas). The main types of gas are natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. At present, it has become one of the main energy sources for enterprises, institutions and residents to produce and live. The annual supply of various gases is 265,438+500 million cubic meters, and the annual supply of liquefied gas is 654,38+550,000 tons.
4. Automobile filling stations and gas-fueled automobiles.
At present, there are 49 LPG filling stations and 2 1 CNG filling stations in Beijing. There are nearly 6,000 clean fuel buses and more than 20,000 taxis in Beijing. The main gas fuels used by these vehicles are liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas. Due to the successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing plans to equip the city with 7,200 compressed natural gas vehicles by 2007. As far as the public transport system is concerned, according to the calculation that one filling station can supply 120 vehicles, more than 60 CNG filling stations will be built by then. These filling stations will be widely distributed in the main traffic trunk lines and the surrounding areas of traffic hubs in Beijing, and become a dangerous source that cannot be ignored in urban areas.
Annex II: Disposal Measures for Hazardous Chemical Accidents
1, hazardous chemicals leakage accident and disposal measures
(1) Pay attention to safety protection when entering the leakage site for treatment.
Rescuers entering the scene must be equipped with necessary personal protective equipment.
If the leakage is flammable and explosive, the accident center should prohibit the use of fire, cut off the power supply, prohibit vehicles from entering, and immediately set up a warning line at the border. According to the accident situation and accident development, decide the evacuation of personnel in the accident-affected area.
If the leakage is toxic, special protective clothing and isolated air mask should be used. In order to use and adapt correctly in the wild, strict adaptive training should be carried out at ordinary times. Immediately set up a cordon at the border of the accident center. According to the accident situation and accident development, decide the evacuation of personnel in the accident-affected area.
When dealing with an emergency, it is forbidden to act alone, and there must be a guardian. If necessary, cover it with water guns and water cannons.
(2) Leakage source control
Close the valve, stop the operation or change the process flow, take the secondary line of materials, stop on the spot, circulate, reduce the load, etc.
Blockage. Use appropriate materials and technical means to plug the leakage.
(3) Leakage treatment
Dike interception: Dike intercepts the leaked liquid or drains it to a safe place. In case of liquid leakage in the storage tank area, the rainwater valve should be closed in time to prevent materials from flowing out along the open ditch.
Dilution covering: spray atomized water to the vapor cloud of harmful substances to accelerate the diffusion of gas into the air. For combustible substances, a large amount of water vapor or nitrogen can also be released on site, destroying combustion conditions. For liquid leakage, in order to reduce the evaporation rate of the substance into the atmosphere, foam or other covering materials can be used to cover the leaked substance, and a covering layer can be formed on its surface to inhibit its evaporation.
Containment (collection): for a large number of leaks, you can choose to pump the leaked materials into containers or tank trucks with diaphragm pumps; When the leakage is small, sand, adsorption materials and neutralization materials can be used for absorption and neutralization.
Discarding: transport the collected leakage to the waste disposal site for treatment. The remaining small amount of materials are washed with fire water, and the washing water will be discharged into the sewage system for treatment.
2, dangerous chemicals fire accidents and disposal measures
Control first, then destroy. In view of the characteristics of rapid development and spread of dangerous chemical fires and large burning area, unified command and rapid control are actively adopted; Block the fire and prevent it from spreading; Focus on breaking through and eliminating dangerous situations; Fire fighting tactics of division, encirclement and quick decision.
Firefighters should occupy the upwind or crosswind position.
Personnel engaged in fire reconnaissance, fire fighting and fire evacuation should take targeted self-protection measures. Such as wearing protective masks and special protective clothing.
We should quickly find out the burning range, the names and main dangerous characteristics of the burning articles and their surrounding articles, the main ways of fire spread, and whether the burning dangerous chemicals and products are toxic.
Correct selection of the most suitable fire extinguishing agent and fire extinguishing method. When the fire is large, we should first block the spread of the fire, control the burning range, and then gradually put out the fire.
When emergency evacuation is necessary due to possible explosion, burst, splash and other special dangers, it should be evacuated in time according to unified evacuation signals and evacuation methods. (The evacuation signal should be particularly eye-catching, which can be seen or heard by all personnel on site, and should be rehearsed frequently).
After the fire is put out, people should still be sent to monitor the scene to eliminate the residual fire. The fire unit shall protect the scene, accept the accident investigation, assist the public security fire department and the superior safety management department to investigate the cause of the fire, verify the fire loss, find out the fire responsibility, and shall not clean up the fire scene without the consent of the public security supervision department and the superior safety supervision and management department.
3, compressed gas and liquefied gas fire accidents and disposal measures
(1) Don't put out the fire blindly when putting out the fire with gas. Even if the flame at the leak is accidentally extinguished in the process of fire extinguishing and cooling, the fire must be ignited immediately with a long ignition match to restore stable combustion. Otherwise, a large amount of combustible gas leaks out and mixes with air, which will explode when it meets a fire source, and the consequences are unimaginable.
(2) First of all, put out the flammable fire ignited by the fire source, cut off the way of fire spread, control the burning range, and actively rescue the injured and affected people.
(3) There are pressure vessels or pressure vessels threatened by flame radiation heat in the fire. Those that can be evacuated should be evacuated to safety as far as possible under the cover of water guns, and those that cannot be evacuated should be equipped with enough water guns for cooling protection. In order to prevent the container from bursting and injuring people, the cooling personnel should try their best to use low-profile water jet or use solid shelter on site for protection. For horizontal storage tanks, the cooling personnel should choose the four corners of the storage tank as the water injection positions.
(4) If the gas pipeline leaks and catches fire, try to find the gas source valve first. When the valve is in good condition, as long as the gas valve is closed, the fire will automatically go out.
5] When the leakage valve of the storage tank or pipeline fails, the gas pressure, the size and shape of the leakage port and the corresponding plugging materials (such as cork plug, rubber plug, airbag plug, adhesive, pipe bending tool, etc.) should be judged according to the fire. ) Be prepared.
[6] After plugging, water can be used to extinguish the fire, or dry powder and carbon dioxide can be used to extinguish the fire, but water is still needed to cool the burning tank or pipe wall. Immediately after the fire is put out, the leakage point should be blocked with sealing materials, and the dispersed leakage gas should be diluted with atomized water.
(7) In general, the fire extinguishing work is completed when plugging is completed, but sometimes plugging is not necessarily a success. If the plugging fails once, it will take some time to plug again. The leaking place should be lit immediately with a long ignition match to restore its stable combustion, so as to prevent a large amount of combustible gas leaked for a long time from mixing with air to form an explosive mixture, which may lead to the danger of explosion, and make preparations for fire extinguishing and re-plugging.
⑻ If it is confirmed that the leakage is too big to stop the leakage, just cool the burning container and its surrounding containers and combustible materials, and control the fire range until the gas burns out and the fire automatically goes out.
Levies On-site commanders should pay close attention to all kinds of danger signs. After the fire is put out, when the flame of the container safety valve fails to resume stable combustion for a long time, and there are signs of explosion such as bright, dazzling, screaming and shaking, the commander must make accurate judgment in time and give an evacuation order in time. After seeing or hearing the prescribed evacuation signal, the on-site personnel should quickly evacuate to a safe area.
⑽ When the gas storage tank or pipeline valve leaks and catches fire, under special circumstances, as long as it is judged that the valve is still effective, it can also violate the routine, put out the fire first and then close the valve. Once it is found that the plugging is invalid and cannot be plugged for a while, it should be ignited immediately to restore stable combustion.
4, flammable liquid fire accident and disposal measures
Flammable liquids are usually stored in containers or transported by pipelines. Different from gas, some liquid containers are closed and some are open, which are generally at normal pressure, and only the liquid pressure in reaction kettle (furnace, kettle) and conveying pipeline is higher. Whether the liquid is on fire or not, if it leaks or overflows, it will flow along the ground or float on the water. Moreover, flammable liquids also have problems such as specific gravity and water solubility, such as whether they can be put out with water and ordinary foam, and boiling and splashing are very dangerous.
(1) First, cut off the way of fire spreading, cool and evacuate the closed containers and combustible materials threatened by fire, control the burning range, and actively rescue the injured and trapped people. If there is liquid flowing, embankment should be built (or oil booms should be used) to intercept the floating flammable liquid or dig trenches for diversion.
⑵ Know and master the name, specific gravity, water solubility, toxicity, corrosiveness, boiling overflow, splash and other dangers of ignition liquid in time, so as to take corresponding fire fighting and protective measures.
(3) For large storage tanks or flowing fires, the fire area should be accurately judged.
Large area (> 50㎡) liquid fire must be extinguished according to its relative density (specific gravity), water solubility and burning area.
For liquids (such as gasoline and benzene). ) lighter than water and insoluble in water, direct fire extinguishing with water and misty water is often ineffective. Can be put out with ordinary protein foam or light water foam. When using dry powder to extinguish fire, the extinguishing effect depends on the burning area and burning conditions, and it is best to cool the tank wall with water.
When a liquid heavier than water and insoluble in water (such as carbon disulfide) catches fire, it can be put out with water, and water can cover the liquid surface to put out the fire. Bubbles also work. Fire extinguishing with dry powder depends on the burning area and burning conditions. It is best to cool the tank wall with water to reduce the combustion intensity.
Water-soluble liquids (such as alcohols and ketones). ) Theoretically, it can be diluted with water, but in order to make the flash point of liquid disappear in this way, water must account for a large proportion in the solution, which not only requires a lot of water, but also makes the liquid overflow easily. Ordinary foam will be destroyed by water-soluble liquid (if the strength of ordinary foam increases, the fire can be weakened). Therefore, it is best to put out the fire with anti-solvent foam. When dry powder is used to extinguish fire, the extinguishing effect depends on the size of combustion area and combustion conditions, and the tank wall should also be cooled with water to reduce the combustion intensity.
(4) When putting out flammable liquid fires with strong toxicity, corrosiveness or combustion products, firefighters must wear protective masks and take protective measures. Wear special protective clothing when special articles catch fire. Considering the limitation of the anti-virus range of the filter gas mask, the isolated air mask should be used as much as possible when fighting toxic fires. In order to use and adapt correctly in the fire, strict adaptability training should be carried out at ordinary times.
5] To put out liquid fires such as crude oil and heavy oil that are in danger of boiling and splashing, we must pay attention to calculating the possible time of boiling and splashing, and observe whether there are signs of boiling and splashing. Once the on-site commander discovers the danger signs, he should immediately make an accurate judgment and give an evacuation order in time to avoid casualties and equipment losses. Firefighters should immediately evacuate to a safe place after seeing or hearing the unified evacuation signal.
[6] When the flammable liquid pipeline or storage tank leaks and catches fire, try to find and close the inlet and outlet valves of the conveying pipeline while cutting off the spreading direction and limiting the fire within the above range. If the pipeline valve is damaged or the storage tank leaks, quickly prepare the plugging material, and then use foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide or atomized water to extinguish the flame flowing on the ground. Clear the blocking obstacles, then put out the leaking flame and take blocking measures quickly. Unlike gas plugging, liquid plugging fails once and can be plugged several times in succession. As long as the ground is covered with foam, the liquid is blocked and the surrounding ignition source is controlled, there is no need to ignite the liquid at the leak.
Annex III: Division of Hazardous Chemical Accident Site Area
According to the scope, degree and source of dangerous chemical accidents, the accident center area, accident spread area and accident affected area are divided.
(1) accident center area. The central area is 0 ~ 500m away from the accident site. The concentration index of dangerous chemicals in this area is high, and the dangerous chemicals spread, accompanied by explosion, fire, damage to buildings, facilities and equipment, and acute poisoning of personnel.
Rescuers in the accident center need full body protection and wear isolation masks. The rescue work includes cutting off the accident source, rescuing the wounded, protecting and transferring other dangerous chemicals, removing the leaked liquid poisons, decontaminating the local space and sealing the site. Non-emergency personnel should be counted and registered after they are evacuated from the central area. There should be obvious warning signs at the boundary of the accident center.
(2) the area affected by the accident. The accident affected area is 500 ~ 1000 meters away from the accident site. The concentration of dangerous chemicals in the air in this area is high and the action time is long, which may cause harm or damage to people or articles.
The rescue work in this area is mainly to guide protection, monitor pollution, control traffic, and organize the removal of stranded dangerous chemical gases. Organize personnel evacuation and transfer according to the actual situation of the accident. Personnel in the accident-affected area should be counted and registered after they leave the area. The boundary of the accident-affected area should be clearly marked with warning signs.
(3) Affected areas. The affected area refers to the area that may be affected outside the accident affected area, and there may be small doses of dangerous chemicals spreading from the central area and the affected area.
The focus of rescue work in this area is to guide the masses to take timely protection, publicize relevant knowledge to the masses, stabilize their thoughts and emotions, and make basic emergency preparations.
Annex IV: Address Book of Beijing Emergency Rescue Command for Hazardous Chemical Accidents
Work surname, first name, single position and duty phone number of work unit.
Liu Hao, the vice mayor who always tells me what to do.
Deputy Commander Li Wei, Deputy Secretary General of the Municipal Government 65 192209
Member: Director of Li Jianwei Administration of Work Safety 85235002650236 16.
Deputy Director of Yu Hongyuan Public Security Bureau 1 10
Deputy Director of Fire Department of Zhang Huafeng Public Security Bureau 66 167340
Zhang Suocheng, Deputy Director of Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of Public Security Bureau 6839800 1
Deputy Director of Health Bureau of Han Demin 630 1 1386
Deputy Director of Li Xiaosong Municipal Transportation Commission 63032255-6630
Deputy Director of Lingqiu Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 84634200
Zhuang Zhidong, Deputy Director of Environmental Protection Bureau 684 138 17
Deputy Director of Meteorological Bureau Wang Xiaoyun 684 1935 1
6641090/KLOC-0, Deputy Director of Wu Guiying Development and Reform Commission
Inspector of Kuancheng Industrial Promotion Bureau of Ding Town 85235626