Location: East coast of Arabian Peninsula, bordering Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Sultanate of Oman, and bordering Arabian Gulf.
Area: 83,600 square kilometers (320,278 square miles).
Population: about 750,000 (1980). Most of them live in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. In addition to Indians, Pakistanis, Baluchis and blacks, there are a large number of expatriates from Arab countries. All residents believe in Islam.
Capital: Abu Dhabi.
Major cities: Dubai (main port), Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Qaiwan.
Language: Arabic.
Political system: The highest authority-according to 197 1 Constitution-is the supreme council composed of seven chiefs. The Committee elects the Prime Minister and Cabinet members. 1986 10 the supreme Council re-elected Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Alnahayan as president of the country. The Federal Cabinet, which exercises legislative and advisory powers, consists of 40 members appointed by the UAE for a term of two years. The United Arab Emirates is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.
Economy: Before the discovery of oil resources, it mainly relied on agriculture, fisheries and oasis commerce. The discovery of oil has brought wealth and economic prosperity to the UAE (the per capita income is the second in the world, second only to Kuwait).
Monetary unit: dirham.
Brief introduction to history:
/kloc-In the 6th century, Portugal's monopoly position in the Arabian Gulf began to collapse, and the Netherlands and Britain gained advantages. In the last 25 years of the18th century, Britain consolidated its hegemonic position in India, and then monopolized the position in the Gulf region. 17, 18 and1in the early 9th century, European pirates were rampant in the Gulf. 1820, Britain concluded treaties with some Arab tribes to stop piracy and slave trade. 1853 another treaty was concluded, and the coast in this area won the reputation of "peaceful coast". Britain was granted the right to supervise the implementation of the provisions of the treaty. As soon as Germany and Russia's ambitions for the region were exposed, Britain signed an agreement with the chiefs to prohibit them from selling or transferring land to anyone except the British government, and could not establish diplomatic relations with other countries without Britain's consent. 1952, Sharjah and Fujairah declared independence after recognizing Britain's right to demarcate borders and settle disputes between Emirates. At the same time, a committee of seven sheikhs led by Dubai's political representatives was established.
From 65438 to 0962, with the development of oil production in Abu Dhabi, Britain paid more attention to this area. 1968 British base expansion in Sharjah. However, under the influence of the climax of the Arab national independence movement, Britain announced that it would withdraw all British troops from the region at the end of 197 1. 1970 the border dispute between Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Dubai was settled. At this time, King Faisal called for a referendum on Bly Oasis under the jurisdiction of Abu Dhabi. Saudi Arabia claims sovereignty over this land. In the same year, Sharjah clashed with Iran because of the ownership of Abu Musa Island and Tunb Island. Later, due to an agreement on the distribution of oil revenue in these islands, the conflict quickly subsided.
Britain ended its treaty with the United Arab Emirates. The next day, six emirates, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm Qaiwan, Ajman and Fujairah, announced the establishment of the United Arab Emirates. Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Alnahayan of Abu Dhabi was elected as the country's president, and Sheikh Rashid bin Said Allermark Toum of Dubai was elected as the vice president. 1972, Sheikh Khalid Ghasemi of Sharjah Emirates was killed and his brother Sheikh Sultan succeeded him. 197 1 year, after the British withdrawal, Iran immediately occupied Tunb Island and Abu Musa Island. 1972 In February, Ras Al Khaimah joined the United Arab Emirates. Then we began to strengthen the alliance between the Emirates. 1973 12. The Abu Dhabi government dissolved itself, and some members became joint government ministers, which significantly expanded the scope of authority of the joint central authority, involving the UAE's guards, police and broadcasting. 1976 At the beginning of May, the United Arab Emirates Joint Defence Force merged with the armies of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and the right of conscription and armament was owned by the Coalition government. 1977 At the beginning of the year, the coalition government was reorganized, and it was announced that the cabinet members and selection were based on personal abilities, not just the representatives of chiefs. According to the same principle, the joint Committee was re-established. However, despite this series of joint measures, the two giants of the United Arab Emirates-Dubai in Abu Dhabi-are still in frequent crises on issues such as legislative power and cabinet seats, threatening the stability of the United Arab Emirates from time to time.
The UAE has been pursuing a conservative policy since its establishment. In the Gulf and the Arab region, it has always maintained policy coordination with Saudi Arabia (1974 signed a border agreement with Saudi Arabia, which recognizes the United Arab Emirates, and exchanged ambassadors). 1973 after the October war, the United Arab Emirates took the lead in imposing an oil embargo on the United States. 1977 UAE signed a military cooperation agreement with France, and France agreed to provide it with weapons and planes and train its military personnel. 1in April 1983, this cooperation prompted the UAE to announce military negotiations with France to strengthen military cooperation between the two countries and acquire the Mirage 2000 aircraft. At the same time, French Defense Minister Neil visited the United Arab Emirates.
In another field, 1984, in February, six members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf and the Chief of Staff held a meeting on the comprehensive defense strategy. A few days later, the defense ministers of the Cooperation Council met and approved the same national defense strategy. 1984 in April, Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Alnahayan received the US Deputy Secretary of State. A few days before this, Sheikh Zayed met with the Austrian Prime Minister and called on him to work hard for Europe to play a more effective role in the Middle East. In April of the same year, Sheikh Zayed visited Kenya and expressed concern about the fleet cruising in the Indian Ocean. In May of the same year, he visited Bangladesh, and both sides expressed concern about the continuation of the Gulf War. A few days later, I visited Tunisia to discuss ways of cooperation between the two countries.
1986165438+10 In October, the Seventh Arab Summit was held in the United Arab Emirates, which made several important decisions on the grim situation facing the region.
When we talk about a series of achievements made by the United Arab Emirates, we have to talk about its most important achievement-as the first attempt to unify the Arab motherland-19712. When the United Arab Emirates was announced to be established, and today, 15 years later, it has become a model for other countries to follow. /kloc-During the 0/5 years, on the road to reunification, the UAE has made a series of achievements in various fields and changed the face of life.
In a few short years, the United Arab Emirates has achieved rapid development in various fields because of the belief of its political leaders and the determination of its people, as well as its alliance. This development is rare compared with other developing countries and even developed countries.
Since the formulation of the first five-year plan (1976— 1980), state leaders have paid attention to the development of basic services and national infrastructure. The first five-year plan invested 654.38+03.5 billion dirhams, which were first used to develop education and health, and established several modern industrial bases. In addition, local governments have invested in other projects for the purpose of national economic and social development.
In the past few years, the development of national education truly reflects the importance attached by political leaders to the construction of talents, because talents are the basic wealth of the country. At the same time, the development of education is precisely the implementation of the provisions of the national constitution: "universal education and opening the door to schools are the ways to eliminate all backward factors left over from colonialism."
So we can see that in 1952, a country with only one school and only 230 boys studying, the rising sun of its education has risen. There are more than 300,000 male and female students at all stages in China, attending 7 18 public and private schools, including 4 15 public schools and nearly 15 teaching staff. National University was established in 1977, including 10 colleges, and has sent 3,209 male and female graduates to many departments across the country.
State-level health care institutions are spread all over the country, responsible for people's health and treatment, establishing a primary health care network, and striving to achieve the strategic goal of "health care for all by the year 2000" put forward by the World Health Organization.
The strategic goal of health care is to provide a hospital bed for every 350 people by the end of this year. If we look at the statistics of treatment and prevention in the grand plan formulated by the Ministry of Health, we will feel that this goal can be achieved.
The number of hospitals has increased from 1977 to 17, and the number of beds has increased from 2,225 to 5,000, with nearly 2,000 doctors. The number of public clinics and health centers including various specialties has increased from 1977 to 120, covering all residential areas.
The slogan "Home ownership" is gradually becoming a reality. In order to realize this slogan, in the past few years, in addition to housing projects implemented by local governments, the state has spent nearly 3 billion dirhams on housing construction and provided more than 5,000 houses. The basis of housing construction policy is to build houses and distribute them to citizens free of charge. In addition to providing residential land for citizens and housing loans, many new towns have been built.
In recent years, the country has built a number of power generation projects, generating more than 30 million kilowatts/hour; The supply of water exceeds 1 100 million gallons. More importantly, the state spends nearly 5 billion dirhams every year to provide 3 million U kilowatts of electricity at a symbolic price to reduce the living burden of citizens.
At the same time, the government is also committed to providing these service facilities to all marginal areas. In the past few short years, this service has been provided to more than 250 villages and newly built cities across the country.
This country has made great progress in communication services such as telephone, telex and telegram. Statistics reflect the achievements of this important public facility: there are 90 telephone branches, including nearly 300,000 telephone lines and 3,600 telephone outlets, and about 80 countries in the world can make direct calls with the UAE. At the same time, the number of international telex service outlets has increased to nearly 1000, and the telex branch office has 8000 lines. In addition, telegraph offices are all over the country. The state also pays attention to providing these services to marginal areas. In all aspects of post and telecommunications, the state has also introduced the latest technology.
The Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor has established many social development and protection centers throughout the country, encouraged the establishment of societies, clubs, associations and women's federations that are enthusiastic about social welfare, and assisted government departments in promoting social development and arousing people's awareness. The Ministry also supports the establishment of cooperatives and the dissemination of a sense of cooperation. At the same time, various welfare institutions have been established to accommodate the disabled, teenagers, the elderly and orphans. The Ministry attaches great importance to the development of social development centers. In cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, it has organized many training courses to train patriotic cadres, so that they can qualify as members of educational development centers for the protection of historical sites and local traditional crafts.
Since the founding of the United Arab Emirates, youth sports have been developing continuously. Leaders at all levels are particularly concerned about the development of this sport and set up the Youth Sports Department. Later, the Ministry merged with the Ministry of Education. Since 198 1, the development of youth sports has been improved by the establishment of the Supreme Committee for Youth Sports. The Committee is responsible for formulating, implementing and executing all plans and programs related to youth sports and training the next generation. The stage before the establishment of the Committee is regarded as the preparatory stage for formulating the overall plan of youth sports activities.
Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state has attached importance to the utilization and rational investment of petroleum resources as the main economic pillar, which has laid a solid economic foundation for the construction of long-term economic development projects. Today, after getting rid of foreign control and overcoming the viewpoint of not paying attention to oil utilization and thinking that oil income is meager, oil resources have been well utilized because of the maturity of national political consciousness. In addition, the country has continuously expanded its "hydrocarbon" oil industry. Before the discovery of oil in 1958, there was a non-modern industry besides some handicrafts and processes developed by relying on personal expertise and rich raw materials. After the discovery of oil, the industrial base was expanded and the country attached great importance to it. In order to make full use of mineral resources, comprehensive geological exploration was carried out on 9 1700 square kilometers of land in China. At present, iron and steel industry, cement, aluminum, brick making, building materials and other industries have been established. In order to strengthen the guidance and improve the industrial level, 1982 established the industrial bank, aiming at consolidating the existing industries, developing the national economy and diversifying the production system by establishing new industries. The bank's main business is for private enterprises and companies, as well as joint-venture industrial enterprises and companies with citizens or state investment accounting for at least 70%. Banking has also expanded to provide necessary services for industrial projects. At the same time, the bank has also set up some national industrial projects or projects supporting these industrial projects. Within its business scope, the bank provides investment, loans and funds for these projects, and also provides funds for construction projects and equipment projects carried out by companies and enterprises within its banking business scope. In addition, the bank also carries out other businesses.
In addition, national leaders also attach importance to the development of agriculture as an important part of the UAE's national economy, and promote agricultural modernization to enrich people's demand for food and improve the living standards and social status of most people. Let them feel at ease to produce as much food as possible for their country, so as to ensure food supply, steadily develop agricultural production, ensure the rational utilization of natural resources and improve the living standards of rural residents. At the same time, the state also attaches importance to the development of animal husbandry.
The UAE also grows a lot of vegetables and fruits. The planting of date palms has received special attention. Wheat production is also concerned to prevent wheat exporting countries from monopolizing the market. The remarkable growth of plants, animals and aquatic products does not mean that the country has reached the level of self-sufficiency, but only shows that in order to develop these important resources, the country is making unremitting efforts and conducting planned scientific exploration.
In the past 15 years of independence and union, the UAE has made various efforts and mobilized all its forces to unite and benefit itself, the Gulf and other Arab brother countries. In addition to the achievements in the above fields, it has also made brilliant achievements in other fields.