As we all know, typhoon is one of the most serious catastrophic weather systems that threaten the safe navigation of ships, and ships must take precautionary measures in order to avoid or minimize the harm that may be brought by typhoon. The following is the information I have compiled, for reference only, welcome to read.
Ship typhoon measures
There are two types of ship typhoon prevention: mooring typhoon prevention and sea voyage typhoon prevention.
First, the ship mooring typhoon ways
Ships in the harbor, rivers and coastal shallow water area, there is a terrain shield, the intensity of the typhoon attack greatly weakened. Therefore, the ship with poor wind and wave resistance mainly takes mooring to prevent typhoon. When a ship sailing on the sea encounters a typhoon, if the conditions and time permit, it should try to sail to a suitable harbor, river, island or coastal shallow water area for mooring to prevent the typhoon. Mooring against typhoon has three methods: anchoring, mooring buoy and docking. When anchoring against typhoon, in order to increase the anchoring force and reduce the ship's drift, generally throw double anchors. Mooring buoys to prevent the typhoon, generally should use the special anti-typhoon buoys, in order to be firm and safe. In addition to the narrow waters for maneuvering, or the port department has special regulations for mooring, the ship should generally tie up a single pontoon to prevent the typhoon, and must use the anchor chain and the pontoon to connect, and if necessary, should also be added with the mooring line. If the load of anchor chain is too big, the ship can use the car appropriately and act cautiously. In the large surge of the harbor, the ship can not rely on the wharf to prevent the platform, but should be open to the anchorage anchorage.
Second, the ship moored before the check to prevent typhoon
One month before the typhoon season, should do a systematic safety inspection. (1) mooring equipment? Anchor gear, anchor chain, anchor hoist, cable (emergency cable against typhoon), anchor making equipment, spare parts and so on.
(2) steering equipment? Steering instrument, transmission, rudder, hand rudder device, spare parts, etc..
(3) communication equipment? Main transceiver, emergency transceiver, emergency radios, batteries, antennas, internal communications equipment such as car clock, telephone, voice pipe, contact signal, etc..
(4) watertight devices? Watertight doors, windows, portals, manhole covers, air hoppers, air tubes, anchor chain holes and so on.
(5) Drainage devices? Deck drainage holes, drainage pipe systems, drainage pumps, sewage trench and anchor chain compartment drainage devices, main seawater pumps, etc.
(6) Sea damage first aid device? Sea damage first aid materials, waterproof plugging items, throwing rope gun, etc..
(7) Life-saving equipment? Lifeboats, life rafts, lifebuoys, life jackets, distress signals and so on.
(8) ready to prevent the use of charts, books and materials (such as harbor charts, anchor maps, tide tables, communication contact telephone table) and so on.
(9) Hold a typhoon emergency drill. Third, in the typhoon? threat in? s measures
A ship that encounters winds that are likely to reach force 6 or higher in the next 48 hours shall be considered to have been in the typhoon? threat. In doing so, the following should be done.
(1) Important measures and information about typhoon prevention should be detailed in the logbook for review and study.
(2) The ship's main engine, rudder, anchor, anchor chain, cable and other important machinery, belongings are in a normal state, to maintain communication links (radio, telephone, intercom, light communication, etc.) smooth.
(3) closed all open deck hatches, ventilation tubes, air tubes and other openings should be properly blocked.
(4) All watertight doors, portals, portholes, except for emergency use, should be closed tightly. (5) Sweep the deck, check the drainage holes and ditches to ensure no blockage. (6) check the dock bollards, the number of bollards should be enough, all bollards must be average force, and in the friction properly lined. Bollard and hull friction should be wrapped to prevent grinding.
(7) generally strengthen the bollards, especially the bollards may be strengthened by the greatest force. (8) Carefully check the strength of the dock bollards, if the strength is insufficient, remedial measures should be taken. Each bollard with the number of cables should be balanced, do not make the load is overly concentrated.
(9) between the ship and the quay wall, the ship and the ship should be placed between the touch pads. (10) Strictly adhere to the 24-hour watch and inspection system. (11) pay attention to the stability of the ship, reduce the free liquid surface. Fourth, the mooring of anti-terrestrial should pay attention to the issue of 1. anti-terrestrial berth selection
Mooring anti-terrestrial ship, should berth around the environment have a detailed understanding of the relationship between the shoreline direction and the wind direction, the distribution and strength of the shore bollards, touch pads, equipment, power supply and water supply, tides and tidal currents, typhoons under the influence of the change in water level and the surrounding waters and other moored ships and other situations. Also take into full consideration of the berth and the surrounding sea conditions, when affected by wind and waves are forced to transfer berths, or according to the scheduling requirements for the implementation of the emergency task, ready to be unhooked at any time ready to sail, to avoid improper and ill-considered preparations beforehand, when caught in the passive and critical.
(1) tides, tidal currents and surges
(2) due to alcoholism or delirium, lost their footing and fell into the water;
(3) due to suicide or homicide of death is a criminal case, should be dealt with in a separate case;
(4) due to disease or other physiological defects of the reasons;
(5) the ship in the operation of the mooring, mooring and unmooring cable, cable and in anchoring, anchoring and other operations resulting in casualties, is a workplace accident;
(6) the ship in loading and unloading of cargo, repair of machinery and equipment caused by casualties or due to the operation of careless casualties;
(7) the crew, passengers on board swimming bath drowning;
(8) after the injury, death due to medical accidents, and so on.
Anti-typhoon measuresStrong typhoons where the construction site tower machine in the strong typhoon attack is prone to cause the tower machine tilting, bending, inverted tower phenomenon, and therefore should cause us a high degree of concern. Preventive measures before the arrival of strong typhoons is particularly important, now according to the actual situation of the tower machine specially formulated to prevent strong typhoon specific measures:
I. Preventive measures:
1. The construction site of the tower, should be installed with wind level wind speed alarm, and instantaneous wind speed and wind level of the ability to display. When the wind is greater than 6 level can issue an alarm signal to stop all lifting operations, including tower jacking plus section operations.
2. July-September every year is the typhoon season, the tower driver must have to prevent and deal with instantaneous sudden strong gusts of mental quality and basic knowledge, in the face of dangerous situations calm response, timely unloading, will be hooked up to the highest place, cut off the power supply.
3. When the forecast wind is greater than 6 less than 11, the tower machine in addition to stop working, cut off the power supply, but also to check the tower, attached to the wall pole, institutions, electrical boxes, lamps and lanterns, etc. are firmly connected, there are problems should be dealt with in a timely manner. The hook will be raised to the highest place, the boom should be able to rotate with the wind, there shall be no obstacles within the slewing range.
4. When the forecast wind is greater than level lll in addition to the above measures, in the independent height of the tower should be installed in the tower on the upper part of a wall pole, if not set up with the wall pole should be at least down 1/3 of the height. Has been installed with a wall bar tower should be reduced in height to not touch the top of the building until, if necessary, should be removed from the top of the building pipe scaffolding and other facilities, so that the tower body as low as possible.
5, in reducing the height of the tower at the same time add the wind rope device.
6. For the installation height of 50m above 70m below the tower. Should be the tower on the upper part of the first attached to the wall pole for reinforcement or double protection. For a height of more than 7Om and the surrounding open, the wind is not impeded high-rise buildings, when the forecast wind is greater than level ll, the tower should be removed from the uppermost l a 2 channel attached to the wall rod, lowering the tower so that the tower lifting arm, counterbalance arm is completely below the building, and lifting arm and counterbalance arm and the main structure of the building rigidly connected to the connection point of not less than four.
7. The spacing of each attached wall and the top attached wall pole above the tower cantilever height shall not (strictly prohibited) exceed the range specified in the manual.
8. Tower installation and construction units should be developed in a timely manner tower anti-typhoon special plan, and the implementation of the appropriate apparatus, tools and personnel.
9. Tower production units should be in the product manual to increase the tower machine anti-strong typhoon specific rules to guide and help tower construction units to implement anti-typhoon measures.
1O. According to the information given by the municipal administrative department of construction or the weather forecast of the weather station, the responsibility should be implemented to strengthen the supervision, to minimize and minimize the damage caused by the typhoon.
2. Pre-preparation, inspection:
1. Emergency reinforcement measures for the installation of personnel have the person in charge of the equipment and the project department to send people to assist, and on-site technical guidance.
2, there are equipment responsible for personnel to guide the site to determine the fixing point of the upper part of the tower.
3, sent safety officer Luan Haifeng with 2 people to carry out foundation inspection, check the foundation around the presence of debris, foundation drainage is smooth.
4, by the materials and equipment branch to send operators to the tower crane to lower the section, the height of the tower crane down to the operating floor above about 2 meters. (Ensure that the tower crane's balance arm can rotate freely above the scaffolding)
5, there is equipment responsible for personnel to assist in the inspection of the attachment device, check the attachment device connection pins, bolts whether there is loosening, lack of phenomenon.
6, there is a tower driver on the tower tower standard section bolts to check, tighten one side, and check, fix or remove other hangings.
7, there is an electrician on the tower machine searchlight removal. And check the tower machine lightning protection device.
8, ready to complete the materials required for reinforcement. 20 wire rope 500 meters, 20 # carabiners 50, 8 planter bolts, a hand chain hoist, ground anchor frame 4, 24T counterweights.
Third, the reinforcement of the implementation:
1, there are responsible for the equipment personnel to guide the tower crane tower lashing, lashing position should be located in the rotation below the first standard section of the root; lashing point at the standard section of the inside should be used larger than the standard section angle steel Width of the wooden square as a support, in order to prevent strain on the tower steel structure; four knot wire rope and the angle between the tower should be consistent.
2, in the use of ground anchor baskets to control the wire rope in 45. ~ 60. Between; ground anchor weight of each not less than 6T, and the building concrete structure in the form of linkage for anchoring. Ensure that the concrete has reached the design strength requirements.
3, the wire rope should be used flower blue screws for tensioning, flower blue screws should be selected and the strength of the wire rope to prevent taut; wire rope should be used not less than three horse teeth card for card fastening; so that the wire rope is tightened and loosened appropriately to ensure that the tower is in a vertical state.
4, the wire rope tension should be achieved in the wire rope tension and does not change the verticality of the tower crane state, all the wire rope tension should be consistent.
Fourth, safety measures
1, to participate in the tower crane lowering section personnel must be fully documented, the correct use of safety equipment when working at height.
2, the project department equipped with reinforcement personnel should have a high operating documents of personnel, the correct use of safety protective equipment when working at height.
3, the construction site must be set up cordon, guarded, unrelated personnel are not allowed to enter the scene.
V. Specific requirements
1, the drill site to hang the drill banner.
2, the end of the drill to organize visitors to the drill effect of the review, to achieve the effect of continuous improvement.
3, to hire the relevant leaders of the Municipal Construction Bureau to the scene to give guidance.
4, to participate in the drill personnel to unify the enterprise clothing.
5, more photos, write a briefing on the drill process.
6, contact the project department to write a drill program.
7, next week Wednesday, Thursday drill.
8, draft drill notice
Ship anti-typhoon guideA ship anti-typhoon methods are summarized in three:
1, dock tie-ups, mooring anti-typhoon
2, anchorage, mooring anti-typhoon (including tie-ups pontoon anti-typhoon)
3, out to sea, the sea anti-typhoon
Second, the port operation of the ship in the choice of which method of prevention of anti-typhoon The following points should be fully considered when choosing which method to protect against typhoon:
1, the ship's own ability to resist the typhoon.
2. The geographic environment of the harbor (including the wharf, anchorage, offshore geography).
3. The development trend of the typhoon and its possible worst impact on the port.
And then make a choice, which also has to take into account our production interests and grasp the timing of the measures to be taken. By carefully summarizing and recognizing the main dangers faced by the three methods of preventing and combating typhoons for ships in Hong Kong, and by drawing up corresponding countermeasures, we will be able to respond to them one by one when the dangers arise, in order to ensure safety.
Third, the various methods of anti-terrestrial danger and the need to take the corresponding measures.
(a), dock tie-ups, mooring anti-taiwan mainly have the following dangers:
1. Touching the dock or other boats, resulting in damage to the hull, paddle blade, rudder blade and dock.
2. Breakage of cable, breakage of dock bollards.
3. Stranding.
4. Harbor equipment (cranes) tipping over and injuring the ship.
5 operation labor intensive, due to the breakage of the cable may injure the crew.
6. The impact of storm surge.
The countermeasures to be taken by the dock to tie up the cable and moor against the platform.
1. Fully utilize the water depth of the pier, increase the draft as much as possible, and minimize the wind area of the ship.
2. Ensure moderate stability.
3. Prepare the bumper pads, try to ensure a safe distance between the ship and the ship, the dock crane and other equipment, as far as possible to move away from the docked ship.
4. Analyze the direction of the berth and the possible direction of the wind and wind, whether it will be affected by the storm surge and so on.
5. Adjust the bollard, reasonable use of bollards, bollard points do not concentrate too much, do not make the bollard up and down the vertical force, the angle of the cable to keep the horizontal force is greater than the vertical force, the cable should be balanced force, the friction between the bollard and the hull of the ship part of the bandage in order to prevent wear off. If conditions permit, you can also hang a heavy object on the main cable, or connect a section of the anchor chain to increase the elasticity of the bollard.
7. If the conditions permit, the ship can use the car and rudder to adjust the distance between the bow and stern and the pier and the force of the bow and stern bollards, to control the ship's position and prevent the breakage of the bollards.
8. Strengthen employees' awareness of anti-typhoon protection and labor safety education to prevent work-related injuries.
9. Determine the water depth of the pier berth, calculate the tide time, tide height, tide, and adjust the ballast to prevent the proper? Pier bottom?
(ii), anchorage, anchorage resistant platform (including tethered pontoon resistant platform) is mainly the following dangers.
1. Walking anchor, broken chain and anchor chain strangulation.
2. Other ships go to anchor and endanger the ship.
3. The ship swings horizontally and vertically, which is difficult to control.
4. Typhoon transit, bow watch environment is poor, workers work hard.
5. Main engine, rudder failure, anchor, broken chain, there is a danger of grounding, collision with other ships.
Anchorage, anchorage and anti-platform countermeasures.
1. Choose a good anchor position. According to the geographic environment of the harbor anchorage to choose the right anchor position. Pay attention to the following aspects: the anchor position should be able to shield the strong winds of the typhoon, to understand the situation of the anchorage substrate, the depth of water, whether the anchorage is spacious, the current situation, the situation of the surrounding moored ships, whether there is a significant object marker positioning.
2. Prepare to throw? A little anchor? Anti-taiwan. When the ship has been affected by the typhoon wind system, the wind up to 6-7 level before throwing? One point anchor. Anchor as far as possible at the same time when the double anchor cast off, loose chain should be synchronized as far as possible, in order to avoid the anchor chain entanglement. One Point Anchor The swing of the anchor is large, and should pay attention to the distance from other anchored ships.
3. Ensure moderate stability, the boat's movable items should be fixed.
4. Use the car and rudder to inhibit the ship's yaw. When using the car, do not rashly use high speed, should not make the main engine suddenly open and stop, speed suddenly high and low. According to the strength of the wind and the anchor chain stress, let the main engine speed gradually increase or decrease. The speed should keep the anchor chain under certain stress. If the ship lateral wind, the anchor chain to play horizontal do not blindly move the car top wind, this will increase the load of the anchor chain, only when the anchor chain close to the bow direction, can be discretionary car. The purpose of steering is to keep a small wind angle between the bow and the wind direction, and at the same time make sure to stabilize the wind direction on one side.
5. If you find that the anchor is gone and the chain is broken, you should immediately and decisively lift the anchor or abandon the anchor and go out to sea to fight against the Taiwan. Prevent touching other ships or running aground.
6. To ensure that the main engine, payer, anchor, rudder, boiler is in normal working condition.
7. Bow watchman should fasten the safety rope, keep in touch with the bridge and pay attention to the protection of personnel safety.
8. Anchor chain tie float against the platform, should pay attention to the length of the chain, to prevent the wind and waves when the chain is broken. If the wind is expected to be larger, you can also throw down the other side of the anchor, while loose long double chain even force, into a? A little anchor? State.
(C), out to sea, the sea to prevent the following main dangers.
1. Judgment, forecast errors, the ship mistakenly into the center of the typhoon.
2. The ship shakes violently, and there is a danger of capsizing.
3. Failure of the main engine and rudder, the ship is out of control.
4. The sea is not spacious enough to avoid the platform, there are many obstacles to navigation, the depth of water is shallow, the ship has the possibility of grounding, touching the reef.
5. Wind and wave ship maneuvering, turning difficult.
Going out to sea, the sea countermeasures against Taiwan.
1. The ship should have enough stability. Adjust the ballast water, increase the draft, reduce the wind area of the ship.
2. Receive and analyze typhoon warnings in time. Grasp the development of typhoon movement, compare with on-site meteorological observations, and determine whether the ship has been affected by the typhoon wind system. What is the position of the ship in the typhoon approach? And then take the corresponding sea avoidance methods to avoid the typhoon, leaving the typhoon center, avoiding the strong wind area.
3. Carefully study the situation of the sea to avoid the typhoon. Choose a relatively shallow water depth, fewer obstacles to navigation, and a good location to mark the open sea stranded anti-Taiwan.
4. Ensure that the four machines and one furnace are in normal working condition.
5. Pay attention to the main points of the ship's maneuvering in the wind and waves. Make appropriate adjustments to the direction and speed, and control the ship to minimize the number and amplitude of horizontal shaking. Make the bow of the ship at an angle of 30 degrees with the wind and waves to reduce the force on the hull. Beware of being knocked sideways by the wind and waves. When turning around in the wind and waves, you must follow the principle of "slow speed, good rudder effect". Slow boat speed, good rudder effect? The basic operation method. To choose the sea surface is more calm for a period of time to start turning, and strive in the next group of the first big wave before the arrival of crosswinds and waves across the dangerous section, and turn around.
6. After the passage of the typhoon, the surge of waves increased greatly, at this time more should be careful to maneuver the ship, to prevent the transverse rocking, control the ship's position, to prevent the ship from being pushed into the dangerous sea by the surge of waves. Comparison of the above three methods of typhoon prevention of the main dangers and operability, it is not difficult to find that the port operation of the ship to prevent anti-typhoon methods preferred is, out to sea, the sea anti-typhoon; followed by, anchorage, mooring anti-typhoon; the last is the dock tie-ups, moorings anti-typhoon. But after all, we are here to shipbuilding anti-typhoon, each launching of the ship's engineering progress is not the same, with the ability to go to sea anti-typhoon ship is not much, so we are mainly to consider the dock tie-up, mooring anti-typhoon.
In order to ensure that the launching of ships to prevent the wind work in an orderly manner, we must early deployment, early preparation, the full implementation of all preparations to prevent the typhoon, careful planning, timely grasp of the typhoon trend, strict organization, careful command, to ensure that the launching of ships to ensure the safety of the ship.
Our approach to typhoon prevention is: prevention-oriented, combination of prevention and resistance, resistance to prevention, based on resistance; based on the most complex and difficult situation in the prevention of typhoons; the development of typhoon prevention plans must be combined with the actual situation.