Precautionary measures for high temperature and high pressure

1, rational design process:

Reasonable design process, improve the production equipment and operating methods to improve the high temperature of the working conditions of the fundamental measures. The arrangement of the heat source should meet the following requirements:

① as far as possible arranged outside the workshop;

② the use of heat pressure-based natural ventilation, as far as possible arranged in the skylight below;

③ the use of through the wind is mainly natural ventilation, as far as possible arranged in the summer side of the prevailing wind direction downwind;

④ the heat source of the heat insulation measures;

⑤ so that the working The location is easy to use cooling measures, heat sources can be set up between the partition wall (plate), so that the hot air rises along the partition wall, through the skylight excluded, so as not to spread to the whole workshop;

⑥ hot finished products and semi-finished products should be transported out of the workshop in time or piled up on the downwind side.

2, thermal insulation:

Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent heat radiation, especially with the best thermal insulation effect of water, the specific heat of water, can maximize the absorption of radiant heat.

3, ventilation and cooling:

① natural ventilation, through the windows and doors and gaps in the natural ventilation, but for the high temperature workshop only rely on this way is not enough.

② mechanical ventilation: a. using local or comprehensive mechanical ventilation or forced entry of cold air to reduce the temperature of the operating environment; b. in the high-temperature operation plant, the construction of isolated operating room, to the indoor cold air or installation of air conditioning.

Health care measures

1, give drinks and supplemental nutrition: high-temperature operating workers should supplement the amount of water and salt equal to the amount of sweating, the salt content of the drink to 0.15% -0.2% is appropriate, drinking water in a small amount of several times is appropriate; appropriate increase in the amount of high-calorie diet and protein as well as vitamins and calcium, etc.

2, personal protection: high-temperature work workers 'work clothes, should be heat-resistant, thermal conductivity coefficient of small and breathable fabrics made in accordance with the needs of different types of work, but also should be issued with a work cap, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers, leg protection and other personal protective equipment.

3, strengthen the medical preventive work: high-temperature jobs workers should be pre-employment and into the summer before the physical examination, where there are organic diseases of the cardiovascular system, vasodilatation regulatory insufficiency, persistent hypertension, ulcer disease, active tuberculosis, emphysema, liver, kidney disease

Obvious endocrine diseases (such as hyperthyroidism), organic diseases of the central nervous system, Allergic skin scar patients, recovery from serious illness and the frail, are not suitable for high temperature work.

Organizational measures

1, strengthen leadership, improve management, strict compliance with national health standards for high temperature work to improve the prevention of heat stroke, such as in accordance with the "high temperature work classification" (GB/T4200 - 1997) in the methods and standards, the unit of high temperature work grading and evaluation, generally should be carried out once a year. Summer is conducted once.

(2) Publicize the knowledge of heat stroke prevention and heat stroke prevention.

(3) Reasonable arrangement of working hours, avoiding the highest temperature. Rotate the work, shorten the operating time. Set up rest rooms to ensure that workers working in high temperatures have a share of sleep and rest.

First, high temperature work to prevent heat stroke measures:

1, reasonable rest: usually in the high temperature, high humidity environment work more than 30min, should rest 5-10min, rest should be in the shade and ventilation or room temperature lower environment;

2, hydration, salt: It is recommended that patients drink fluids containing salt;

3, heat dissipation: patients working in a hot environment, you can use a cool towel or wet towel to wipe the skin, to help the skin dissipate heat.

Second, the clinical manifestations of heatstroke:

1, mild heatstroke stage: the patient manifested dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, poor concentration, and so on, but also the phenomenon of increased skin temperature, body temperature rise and so on;

2, heat cramps stage: a large number of body fluids, sweat loss, the blood sodium chloride level dropped significantly, the patient will appear to be a heatstroke. content in the blood drops significantly, the patient will experience tonic spasm of the limbs, muscle pain. To bilateral gastrocnemius muscle that is the calf belly, accompanied by abdominal cramps and hiccups and other clinical manifestations;

3, heat exhaustion stage: the patient manifested for the heart rate increase, blood pressure drop, wet and cold limbs, will also be manifested for delirium, coma and other disorders of consciousness;

4, the stage of ejection: the patient manifested for the high fever, no sweat and serious disorders of consciousness.

High temperature occupational disease protection measures:

First, technical measures

1, reasonable design process

Reasonable design of the process, improve the production equipment and operating methods of high temperature working conditions. and operating methods when the high temperature working conditions of the fundamental measures. Configuration of the heat source should meet the following requirements: try to configure the heat pressure outside the site of the main natural ventilation, try to configure the ventilation under the skylight of the main natural ventilation

Try to configure the heat source in the downwind side of the dominant wind direction in the summer to take adiabatic measures, so that it is easy to take cooling measures in the workplace, between the heat source set up next door, so that the hot air along the next door to the rise through the skylight discharged, do not spread to the hot products and semi-finished products throughout the site. Hot finished and semi-finished products throughout the site must be immediately removed from the site or stacked on the downwind side.

2, thermal insulation

Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent heat radiation, especially water insulation is the best, the specific heat of water, can maximize the absorption of radiant heat.

3, ventilation and cooling

Natural ventilation, natural ventilation through the doors, windows and gaps, but the high temperature site is not enough to rely on this way. Mechanical ventilation using local or comprehensive mechanical ventilation or forced entry of cold air to reduce the temperature of the working environment. In high-temperature factories to build isolated operating room, to send cold air to the room or install air conditioning.

Second, health measures

1, drink supplemental nutrition

High-temperature workers should be supplemented with water and salt equal to the amount of sweating, the salt content of the drink is 0.15% -0.2% is appropriate, the way of drinking water to a small amount of time is appropriate, appropriate Increase high-calorie diet and protein, vitamins and calcium.

2, personal protection

High-temperature work workers' uniforms, should be heat-resistant, thermal conductivity of small, breathable fabrics, according to the needs of different types of work, should also be configured with a working cap, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoes, guards, and other personal protective equipment.

3, strengthen the medical prevention and control

The high-temperature work staff should be carried out before employment and into the summer before the physical examination, where there are cardiovascular system organic disease, vasodilatory regulation insufficiency, persistent hypertension, ulcerative disease

Active tuberculosis, emphysema, liver, kidney disease, obvious endocrine diseases (such as). Hyperthyroidism), organic diseases of the central nervous system, allergic skin scarring patients, recovery from serious illnesses and infirmity, should not be engaged in high temperature work.

Third, organizational measures

1, strengthen leadership, improve management, strict compliance with national health standards for high-temperature work, in accordance with the methodology and standards of high-temperature work level, high-temperature work level and evaluation of the department, generally once a year in the summer.

2. Publicize the knowledge of heat stroke prevention and heat stroke prevention.

3. Reasonable arrangement of working hours to avoid the highest temperature. Alternate operations, shorten the operating time. Set up rest rooms to ensure that high temperature workers have from separate sleep and rest.