I, ICU organization
(a) ICU mode At present can be roughly divided into the following modes:
1. Comprehensive ICU Comprehensive ICU is an independent clinical operations department, under the direct jurisdiction of the hospital department.
2. Partially integrated ICU Between specialized ICU and syndrome ICU.
3. Specialized ICU is generally a clinical ICU set up by the second-level departments.
(II) ICU scale
1. ICU bed layout design ICU beds should be set up according to the size of the hospital, the total number of beds or the number of patients in a particular department need to monitor to determine. General ICU beds in general hospitals accounted for 1-2% of the total number of hospital beds; generally 8 to 12 beds is more economical and reasonable. But in some specialties, such as cardiac surgery, can be as high as 10% or more. ICU each bed covers an area of 15 square meters, bed spacing of not less than 1.5 meters; ICU beds in developed countries covers an area of not less than 20 square meters to 25 square meters is appropriate.
2. Guardian station set up ICU central guardian station should be located in principle in the central zone of all wards, slightly above the ground to be able to directly observe all the patients as well, with a central monitor and recorder, electronic computers and equipment.
3. Staffing ICU staffing at home and abroad has not yet unified regulations. ICU accepts all kinds of critically ill patients, a wide range of medical interventions, rapid updating of knowledge, equipment modernization, new technology, ICU doctors are required to have a considerable theoretical and professional level. General ICU doctors should come from anesthesiology, internal medicine, surgery, emergency medicine, now tend to set up a full-time ICU doctors, doctors and beds for the ratio of 1.5 ~ 2:1; ICU nursing staff relatively fixed nurses and beds for the ratio of 3 ~ 4:1, nurses in the class should be guaranteed to beds in the ratio of 2 ~ 3: 1, in order to ensure the normal operation of the ICU. The head nurse is responsible for the overall management, and the supervising nurse, nurse practitioner and nurses form a ladder. Nurses should be graduates of specialized courses or above, physically healthy and psychologically sound as the first choice. Attention to seniority, experienced technical backbone and young nurses combined to adapt to the intense and heavy workload. ICU should also be equipped with a certain number of respiratory therapists, infection management, psychotherapists and handymen.