Ten, Xiang Yu:
Xiang Yu:
Xiang Yu, the word Yu, the first fierce general of China's ancient times, Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" for the twelve of this century one of the first person to become China's official history of the identity of a non-emperor into this century.
I Xiang Yu had great aspirations, the force can lift the tripod, said: "Sword a person enemy, not enough to learn, learn a million enemies." There is also a poem that says, "the power of the mountains and the gas cover the world", the Beijing opera "Regulus", Lu Bu has a rocking board to two six singing, the first sentence is "generals do not want to show off strong, strong how than the king of the Chu Ba." This shows that even Lu Bu was in awe of Xiang Yu. He only eight thousand Jiangdong soldiers started, after hundreds of thousands of troops, called "the king of Western Chu", first destroyed the Qin, and then with Liu Bang to fight for the world, defeated in front of the Nine Mile Hill, and finally cut his own throat on the Wujiang River, but left a section of the king's farewell to his wife's ancient story. It can be said that both the hero's gas, but also a child's deep feelings, counted on the man
Nine, Li Mu
His great achievements are on the battle against the Xiongnu, Li Mu is the people of Zhao, Zhao has been threatened by the Xiongnu. The Zhao army was repeatedly defeated by the Xiongnu, so much so that King Wuling of Zhao, who wore a beard and rode a horse, knew his shame. The Zhao army highly learned from the Xiongnu in terms of equipment and combat style, and established a cavalry force that shocked the six kingdoms. Li Mu really fought the Xiongnu only once, but just this one time, he beat the Xiongnu almost ten years did not dare to go south. In this battle, Li Mu used the wisdom of Sun Tzu's Art of War to its fullest extent. First, he lost five battles in a row, discarding countless cattle and provisions, luring the main force of the Xiong Nu from the steppe, where they were good at, to the outskirts of the Great Wall, where the Han people were good at, for a duel, and paralyzing his opponent by showing his weakness to the enemy. Then strike with fire, gather the men late at night and attack the Xiong Nu camp at night, killing those Xiong Nu knights who were prancing around on their horses in their sleep. At the same time, the heavily-armed chariots surrounded the exit of the Xiongnu camp and killed the Xiongnu fugitives with arrows as dense as locusts. The main force of the Xiongnu was almost wiped out by this battle, and it was difficult to recover for several years. Importantly, this battle is a classic example of the Han army's infantry, cavalry, and carriages working together to provide a classic example of the Han regime fighting the Xiongnu in the future.
Eighth, the first emperor of Qin
In 221 B.C.E., the first emperor of Qin united China, which had been split up for hundreds of years, and set up a system of centralization that has had an impact on the present day. The iron-fisted First Emperor collected taxes from the people and built water and civil engineering projects. He also unified the country's weights and measures and its writing system. The mighty Qin Dynasty became so famous overseas that foreign countries called China "Qin" (Chinas). He was China's first statesman of global fame and its second most famous monarch.
Of all the ancient Chinese monarchs, the most internationally renowned was Emperor Wu of Han. In the eyes of Westerners, he was the most effective emperor of ancient China, at the height of its power. He honored Confucianism as the official doctrine and strengthened the centralized system of power. He expanded the boundaries of China, conquered a large area south of the Yangtze River and part of Korea, and opened up the Silk Road, a far-reaching route of communication between the East and the West. He made the Chinese Empire as powerful as the Roman Empire at the same time. Some Western scholars consider him to be the Chinese Caesar, Alexander or Octavian.
Sixth, Zhuge Liang
Three Kingdoms outstanding statesman, military, known as the "ancient good minister" model. Parents died early, raised by uncle Xuan, and then because of the Xuzhou chaos, to avoid chaos Jingzhou, study, indifferent and clear-minded. Afterwards, he was honored by Liu Bei's three visits, and put forward the famous "Longzhong Pairing", which instigated the alliance between Sun and Liu, and defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of Red Cliffs, thus laying the foundation for the establishment of the Tripartite Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms. After the establishment of Shu Han, Liu Bei was appointed as the Prime Minister. After Liu Bei's failed attempt to conquer Wu, he was entrusted with the task of assisting the young lord in Yong'an, outreach to Dongwu, cultivating internal governance, conquering and pacifying rebellions in the south, and resisting the powerful Wei in the north. In order to complete the unification of the Central Plains, the restoration of the great cause of the Han Dynasty, has five times to attack Wei, in the governance, military and other aspects of the extraordinary talent, it is the people of the people's power, the people do not wrath; and deduction of the art of war, make "eight array diagram", make the loss of crossbows, wooden oxen and horses, and famous generals Sima Yi, Zhang He, etc., and repeatedly win the game, the last time the northern invasion to take The last northern expedition to adopt the strategy of dividing the troops in the field, and Sima Yi's army held for more than a hundred days, but unfortunately due to exhaustion and died at the age of fifty-four, posthumously known as the Marquis of Zhongwu. His noble character of "bowing to the best of his ability, until his death" has been admired and remembered by people for thousands of years.
Fifth, Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu is a Chinese patriotic politician, thinker and poet of the Qing Dynasty. Historians call him "the first person to open his eyes to the world" in modern China. During the Opium War, he advocated a strict ban on opium, resisted Western capitalist aggression, insisted on safeguarding China's sovereignty and national interests, seized and burned large quantities of opium, and crushed many armed provocations by the British invaders, which demonstrated the great spirit of patriotism. Even the number one opium trafficker British businessman in front of such a clean and honest minister of Qin, also had to admit: "his hands have never been tainted by bribery. This is unheard of among Chinese politicians."
Lin Zexu 40 years of officialdom, traveled throughout the 14 provinces, 400,000 troops, in the end, still two-sleeved, penniless, as he said in his later years in the "self-analysis of the family property book": "fields and family property discounted price of three hundred silver zero", "situation at present are no silver can be divided! " Really admirable, admirable! All these, as his former residence hanging in the hall of the motto written in his own handwriting shows:
"The sea, tolerance is great; wall, no desire is just."
Four, Li Bai
There should also be a literary figure in the world ~
Li Bai, the word Taibai, the number of the Green Lotus Dweller, is China's great poet of the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style was majestic and bold, rich in imagination, with a natural flow of language and varied rhythms. He was good at drawing nourishment and private materials from folk songs and myths, constituting his unique magnificent and splendid colors, which is the new peak of positive romanticism poetry since Qu Yuan. He is also known as "Li Du" together with Du Fu.
He did not make a name for himself in his life, but he had high self-esteem, defied the rich and powerful in the body of a man of cloth, ridiculed the hierarchical order centered on political power, criticized the corrupt political phenomenon, and advanced the spirit of heroism in the Tang culture with his bold gesture of defiance.
The great influence of Li Bai's poetry on later generations is, first of all, the strength of character and charm of personality reflected in his poetic works. His extraordinary self-confidence of "Born to be useful", his independent personality of "Can I break my brow and bend my back to serve the rich and powerful", his austere arrogance, and his dashing demeanor of meditating with nature have attracted countless literati and aspirants. The bold style of his poetry, unpredictable imagination, the beauty of water out of the hibiscus, later poets also have a great influence, in the history of Chinese poetry, Li Bai is a genius, there is no replacement for the immortal status.
Three, Yue Fei
The Khitan people have an old saying, the female Zhen not full of ten thousand, full of ten thousand can not fight. This statement confirms the strong fighting power of the female real people. But such a myth was a Chinese called Yue Fei broke. Who said that the female real full ten thousand can not fight, 100,000 gold troops in front of the Yue family army also touched the head of the blood, but also the female real best field battle, and the Yue family army each time the number of troops in the battle is still far less than the female real people. Today's people can hardly imagine, at that time Yue Fei is in a kind of what kind of situation resistance, today's people even more difficult to imagine, the battle of weancheng 20,000 Yuejia army defeated the female Zhenren elite splendor is how to write out. That is the Chinese people bravely resist foreign invasion of the iron bone, that is the Chinese people in the endured nearly a hundred years of foreign oppression issued by the voice of a strong country! Jin Dynasty general Jin Wuzhu exclaimed, "I have been in the army for twenty years, but I have never met such a strong army." The female Zhenren even sang sadly in a folk song, "It's easy to shake the mountains, but it's hard to shake the Yuejia Army."
Two, Confucius
Confucius is the most internationally influential Chinese. He lived in a vassal state in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. He hoped that the divided China of that time would value the emergence of a unified and strong central authority, and advocated that the upper class should maintain its rule by ritual, benevolence, and virtue, that all people should obey the creed of loyalty to the Son of Heaven, filial piety to parents, and friendship to friends, and that women should be faithful and obedient to their husbands. But he failed to turn his ideals and theories into reality. Seven hundred years after his death, Emperor Wu of Han formally adopted his doctrine as the only official doctrine. Since then, successive emperors have followed suit. By the 7th century A.D., the Tang Dynasty had built a temple to Confucius, who was worshipped as a half-human, half-god saint. This custom continued for about 1,300 years. To Westerners, Confucius is a symbol of Chinese tradition. His ideas had considerable influence on the European Enlightenment of the 18th century. Confucius' ideas have also had a significant impact on Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, and...
I. Zhou Enlai
The great proletarian revolutionary, statesman, military and diplomat, one of the main leaders of the Chinese ****anese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China, and one of the founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. For the establishment of the People's Republic of China **** and the establishment of the State of China, has been serving as the government premier after the founding of the country, and in the diplomatic excellence, known internationally as the most difficult politician! In office during the day, thrifty and simple, bowing and scraping, dying, he died without any savings, and did not leave a son and a half daughter, and even ashes are scattered into the sea, such integrity is unmatched, it can be said that he for the Chinese people to dedicate his everything, his wisdom, his loyalty, and even his life, the first place in the wind and stream of people, in addition to the Premier who else can be there?
2)One or two historical figures, they have those vivid and touching stories, their those qualities worth learning.
To say touching and worthy of learning, Zuo Guangdou and Shi Kefa deserved
Ming Xi Zong just came to the throne, Zuo Guangdou is a very prestigious minister, he is upright and dare to admonish, but also very clean, and very much used. He was also very wise in knowing people, and promoted and cultivated Shi Kefa, a scholar from a poor background.
At that time, Zuo Guangdou received Shi Kefa in his official residence, encouraged him, and brought him to the rear hall to meet Mrs. Zuo. He praised him in front of Mrs. Zuo, saying, "Several children in my family have no talents. In the future to inherit my career. It all depends on this young man."
After that, Zuo Guangdou and Shi Kefa established a close teacher-student relationship. When Shi Kefa's family was poor, Zuo Guangdou asked him to live in the government house and personally instructed him in reading.
Zuo Guangdou and his friend Yang Lian were bent on reorganizing the government, but Ming Xi Zong was a mediocre man. He favored a very bad eunuch, Wei Zhongxian, and put Wei Zhongxian in charge of the East Chamber, a secret service agency. Wei Zhongxian, by virtue of the privileges in his hands, formed parties, sold officials and took bribes, and did all kinds of bad things. Some of the bureaucrats who opposed the Donglin Party defected to Wei Zhongxian and formed a gang, which was called the "Eunuch Party" (yān, referring to eunuchs) in history. Yang Lian was angry at the castrate party's misdeeds, boldly submitted a zhangzhang, Wei Zhongxian twenty-four sins. Zuo Guangdu also strongly supported him.
This could be a leak. A.D. 1625, Wei Zhongxian and his party colluded to attack Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou is the East Forest Party, the crime of weaving them into the prison, torture to force confessions. After the arrest of Zuo Guangdu, Shi Kefa anxious not know what to do. He every day from morning to night, outside the cell door around and around, trying to find an opportunity to visit his teacher. But the eunuchs kept Zuo Guangdou under very strict guard and did not allow anyone to visit him.
Zuo Guangdou in prison, no matter how the castrati tortured, but always refused to give in. When Shi Kefa heard that Zuo Guangdou was being tortured to death, he took fifty taels of silver and begged the guards to see his teacher for the last time, regardless of his own danger.
The jailer was finally touched by Shi's sincerity, and found a way to give Shi a chance to visit the prison. That night, Shi put on a tattered coat, dressed as a dung collector, wearing straw sandals, carrying a bamboo basket and a long shovel, and was led into the prison by his jailer.
Shikov found the left Kwang-du's cell, only to see the left Kwang-du sitting in the corner, scaly, face has been burned unrecognizable, the left leg rot to reveal the bones. Shi Kefa saw, a burst of heartache, approached the front, kneeled down, holding Zuo Guangdou's legs, constantly sobbing.
Zuo Guangdou's face was full of wounds, could not open his eyes, but he heard Shi Kefa from the sound of crying. He raised his hand and used all his strength to pry open his eyelids, his angry gaze like it was about to spit fire. He cursed, "Fool! What kind of place is this and what are you doing here! The country's affairs are in such a bad state. I'm already finished, and you still run in here regardless of life and death, in case they find out, who will be the one to do the work in the future?"
Shi Kefa still sobbed endlessly. Zuo Guangdou said fiercely, "If you don't leave again, I will simply pack you up now and save the traitor's hands." Said, he really touched the shackles around him and made a show of smashing over.
Shi Kefa didn't dare to speak again, so he had to hold back his grief and retreated from the cell.
After a few days, Zuo Guangdu and Yang Lian and others were finally killed by Wei Zhongxian. Shi Kefa spent another sum of money to pay off the jailer and buried Zuo Guangdu's body. When he thought of the scene in jail, he could not help but shed tears and said, "My teacher's heart, really cast in iron!"
With his teacher there must be his disciples, Shi Kefa in the teacher's influence, also become a loyal and upright subjects, the most well-known is the story of Shi Kefa died defending Yangzhou
The end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty troops to the south, Shi Kefa took the initiative to ask for to the front to lead the army.
Shi Kefa has high prestige among the generals in the south, and when he arrived in Yangzhou, he became the governor and set an example by sharing the same pain with the soldiers, and was loved by the generals. On New Year's Eve, Shi Kefa sent the generals to rest, and stayed alone in the government office to read official documents. He felt tired late at night and called the cook on duty to order some food and wine.
The cook reported back, "In accordance with your order, all the meat in the kitchen today is distributed to the generals for the festival, and there is nothing left to drink."
Shikha said, "Then take some salt and sauce for the wine."
The cook brought the wine, and Shi Kefa leaned against a few cases and drank. Shi Kefa's drinking capacity was originally very large, and after he came to Yangzhou to supervise, he quit drinking. On this day, in order to raise his spirits, he made an exception and drank a little. A pick up a glass of wine, he thought of the national tragedy, but also think of the court so corrupt, the heart is sad, drink while dropping hot tears, unknowingly more than a few cups, with a few drunkenness in a few cases fell asleep.
The next morning, Yangzhou civil and military officials in accordance with the customary to the Governor's Yamen deliberations, only to see the door is still tightly closed. Everyone couldn't help but wonder, because the governor usually gets up very early. Later, a soldier came out and told everyone, "The governor drank wine last night and hasn't woken up yet."
Ren Minyu, the governor of Yangzhou, said, "The governor is usually overworked, and it's a rare thing that he slept so well last night. Everyone don't go and startle him, let him rest a little longer." He also brought in the night watchman and asked him to repeat the beating of the drum for the fourth watch (beating the drum for the fourth watch means that it is still light out).
Shi Kefa woke up with a start, the sky was already bright, and when he listened sideways, the night watchman was still playing the fourth watch, he could not help but burst into a rage, and called the soldier in and said, "Who is it that is playing the night watch drums indiscriminately there, and violating my military orders." The soldier said what Ren Minyu had ordered, and only then did Shi Kefa have nothing to say, and quickly received the officials and dealt with official business.
From that day on, Shi Kefa resolved not to drink any more.
Not long after, the Qing army, led by Duo Duo, moved south. Shi Kefa commanded the four towns to resist and won some battles. But there was infighting within the Southern Ming regime. The Ming general Zuo Liangyu, who was stationed in Wuchang, attacked Nanjing in order to compete with Ma Shiying for power. Ma Shiying was so scared that he hurriedly withdrew his troops from the four northern towns of Jiangbei to deal with Zuo Liangyu, and asked Shi Kefa to bring troops back to Nanjing to protect him in the name of Emperor Hongguang.
Shi Kefa knew that the Qing army was pressing the border and should not leave. But in order to quell internal strife, had to bring troops back to Nanjing, just across the Yangtze River, know that Zuo Liangyu has been defeated. He rushed back to the north of the river, where the Qing army was already approaching Yangzhou.
Shi Kefa sent out an urgent diatribe, asking the towns to concentrate on the defense of Yangzhou. But after a few days, none of them sent troops to rescue him. Shi Kefa knew that he could only rely on the people and army of Yangzhou to fight alone.
The Qing army arrived at the city of Yangzhou, Duo Duo first sent people to the city to persuade Shi Kefa to surrender, a series of five people, were rejected by Shi Kefa. Infuriated, Duo ordered Yangzhou to be tightly surrounded.
Yangzhou city was in great danger, and some timid generals in the city were afraid. On the next day, a general and a supervisor carried Shi Kefa on their backs and surrendered to the Qing army with their own troops. This time, the city's defense force is even weaker.
Shi Kefa gathered all the officials in the city and encouraged them to make concerted efforts to resist the Qing soldiers, and assigned them the task of defending the city.
After analyzing the situation, he decided that the west gate was the most important line of defense, so he personally led the troops to defend the west gate. Seeing Shi Kefa's firmness and composure, the generals were touched and said that they would definitely join the governor in resisting to the death.
Duo Duo ordered the Qing soldiers to attack the city day and night in turn. Yangzhou soldiers and civilians fought bravely, the Qing soldiers attacked back again and again. The situation became more and more critical as the Qing soldiers died and came back again.
Duo Duo made a determined effort and began to attack the city with cannons. He heard that the west gate was the most heavily defended, and Shi Kefa personally defended it, so he ordered the cannoneers to bombard the northwest corner exclusively. One by one, the shells fell at the west gate, and the city wall gradually collapsed and was finally blasted open.
Shikha was directing the soldiers and civilians to block the gap when a large number of Qing troops swarmed into the city. Shi Kefa saw that the city could no longer be defended, and pulled out his sword and wiped it on his neck. The generals in his entourage rushed forward to hold Shi Kefa and snatched the sword from his hand. Shi Kefa was still unwilling to go, the generals pulled and persuaded him to protect him out of the small east gate. At this time, a group of Qing soldiers came over, see Shi Kefa wearing the attire of Ming Dynasty officials, they yelled and asked him who he was.
Shi Kefa, afraid of hurting others, said in a loud voice, "I am the Shi Governor, kill me now!"
In April 1645 AD, the city of Yangzhou fell and Shi Kefa was killed.
Duo Duo was so enraged by the heavy casualties suffered by the Qing troops attacking the city that he ordered the massacre of the people of Yangzhou in an inhumane manner. The massacre lasted for ten days before it ended. History calls this tragedy "Yangzhou Ten Days".
After the massacre, Shi's adopted son, Shi Dewei, went into the city to look for Shi's body. Because there were too many corpses, the heat and all the decay, how can not recognize, so the Shi Kefa life through the robe and used wutai, buried in Yangzhou outside the Meihualing. This is still preserved Shi Kefa "tomb".
3)Many outstanding figures in ancient times have left poems and chapters that have been recited through the ages. ```` Find some poems and articles about ancient characters, and feel the feelings of the characters.
Xiang Yu
"Song of Gaixia"
The power of the mountain is strong, the air is strong,
The time is unfavorable, and the piebald will not pass away.
What can be done when the piebald doesn't pass away,
What can be done when the Yu is in the Yu?
Cao Cao
Beyond the Summer Gate - Viewing the Sea
East of Jieshi, to view the sea.
Tantalizing water, horrifying mountains and islands.
The trees are overgrown, the grass is abundant.
The winds of autumn are bleak, and the waves of flooding rise.
The sun and the moon are in the center of it;
The stars are in the center of it.
It is a great honor to sing a song.
Yue Fei
Man Jiang Hong
It was a fury, and at the end of the night, the rain came to an end. I look up to the sky and shout a long, strong and fierce cry. The dust and dirt of thirty years of fame and fortune, the clouds and moon of eight thousand miles of road. I don't want to wait around, I've lost my youthful head, and I'm sad.
The shame of Jingkang has not yet snowed; the regret of my son, when will it end? I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm going to be able to do it," he said. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to get a good look at this, but I'm sure I'm going to be able to get a good look at this. To be from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers. I'm not going to be able to do that.
Zhou Enlai
Extraordinary lines
The Great River sings and turns its head to the east,
Profound and dense group of science and technology to help the world poor.
Ten years of facing the wall and trying to break through it,
It is hard to be rewarded for being a hero in the sea.