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Passive smoking is commonly known as "second-hand smoke", non-smokers daily passive smoking more than 15 minutes is defined as passive smoking, also known as "forced smoking" or "indirect smoking". It is impossible for most people to avoid exposure to smoke in their daily lives, so they become passive smokers. While smoking jeopardizes the health of smokers themselves, secondhand smoke also affects non-smokers. In addition to irritating the eyes, nose, and throat, it can significantly increase a non-smoker's chances of developing lung cancer and heart disease, as well as other respiratory ailments, which can be seriously detrimental to a person's health. There are ways to avoid secondhand smoke completely, for example, one of the more typical is the k-smoker method, which is a simulation of the traditional smoking process to avoid secondhand smoke. Harmful substances according to research, cigarette smoke after combustion contains more than 4,000 kinds of harmful substances, on the medical point of view can be divided into four categories: First, carbon monoxide, in the concentration of cigarette smoke, about four parts per million, and red blood cells and red blood cells for the combining force of oxygen and red blood cells combined force of about 210 times, so the carbon monoxide is inhaled into the human body, the red blood cells to transport the ability of oxygen will be reduced, so that the body lack of oxygen. Second, nicotine, which enters the body will produce the following effects: contraction of peripheral blood vessels in the limbs, heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing faster, mental status changes (become emotionally stable or mentally excited), and promote platelet aggregation, which is caused by cardiac vascular obstruction, high blood pressure, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases, the main culprits. Third, irritating substances, these substances will not only eyes, nasal and throat irritation, but also stimulate the secretion of bronchial submucosal glands, leading to acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. Fourth, carcinogenic substances, in addition to the recognized carcinogen nicotine, smoke contains more radioactive elements, such as polonium, they volatilize when smoking, and with the smoke is absorbed by the body, the accumulation in the body, and constantly releasing alpha rays, thus damaging the body's tissue cells, damage to the body's immunity, and create an environment for the growth of cancer cells. Undoubtedly, the above four categories of harmful substances are equally harmful to smokers and secondhand smoke inhalers. What is more noteworthy is that some of the harmful substances in secondhand smoke are higher than those in mainstream smoke, such as carbon monoxide, which is 5 times higher than that in mainstream smoke; tar and nicotine, which are 3 times higher; ammonia, which is 46 times higher; and nitrosamines (a strong carcinogen), which are 50 times higher. The results of the study also show that the physical effects of second-hand smoke are similar to those of smokers, as urine tests of second-hand smokers found that their urine also contained metabolites of nicotine and other substances. It is a well-known fact that smoking is hazardous to health, and the results of a study conducted by a foreign psychological research institute showed that the intellectual performance of smokers was 10.6% lower than that of non-smokers. Different cigarettes release different chemicals when they are lit, but the main ones are tar and carbon monoxide. Cigarettes ignited to produce harmful substances are broadly divided into six categories: (1) aldehydes, nitrogen compounds, olefins, these substances have an irritating effect on the respiratory tract. (2) Nicotine, which stimulates the sympathetic nerves and makes smokers dependent. (3) Amines, cyanide and heavy metals, which are toxic substances. (4) Benzopyrene, arsenic, cadmium, methylhydrazine, aminophenol, and other radioactive substances. These substances are carcinogenic. (5) Phenolic compounds and formaldehyde, etc. These substances have the effect of accelerating carcinogenesis. (6) Carbon monoxide can reduce the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Chances of cancer experts pointed out that daily and smokers stay together for more than 15 minutes, the harm of inhaling "second-hand smoke" is equivalent to smokers. Lung cancer patients have 75% of the factors ultimately attributed to smoking. Everyone has a "proto-oncogene", a gene that enables a person to grow during embryonic life, but it should stop working at the right time, otherwise a person will be prone to cancer, and smoking can make this gene start working again and cause cancer. Alarmingly, experts have found that the harm caused by "second-hand smoke" is almost equal to that of smoking. Experts remind that the harm of inhaling "second-hand smoke" should not be ignored, non-smokers and smokers live or work together, smell the smoke for a quarter of an hour every day for more than a year, the harm is equivalent to smoking. The study also found that for adenocarcinoma patients, who accounted for 35-40% of the total number of lung cancers, the effectiveness rate of this drug was 40%; in the case of female patients, the figure was 60%; and if the patients were non-smokers, the effectiveness rate reached 70%. In contrast, male lung cancer patients who smoke and are not adenocarcinomatous have an effectiveness rate of only 10 to 15 percent, and are largely insensitive to the drug. This is basically consistent with the conclusions reached by the manufacturer of the drug in more than 200,000 lung cancer patients around the world, a period of six years of follow-up observations. [1] susceptible to diabetes A U.S. study showed that those who often smoke secondhand smoke may face the risk of developing hidden diabetes, which makes their chances of developing diabetes higher. 2006, the U.S. Veterans Medical Center in Birmingham, Alabama, the U.S. 4,572 people in four U.S. cities conducted a 15-year research survey. The results show that 22% of smokers are likely to develop glucose intolerance (i.e., hidden diabetes), and they do not smoke but always inhale secondhand smoke in this regard, the probability of risk has reached 17%; 14% of the people who quit smoking successfully; never smoked and do not inhale secondhand smoke for 12%. The results of the study show that both active and passive smoking can contribute to the risk of glucose intolerance in young people," the experts noted. And secondhand smoking is also a new risk factor for a person to develop glucose intolerance." Experts believe that if a person's body develops glucose intolerance, the blood sugar levels in the body will then increase and the chances of developing diabetes will be very high. Sudden Infant Death (SIDS) Most of the harmful chemicals released when tobacco is burned can pass through the placenta to "bother" innocent babies. Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide can reduce the concentration of oxygen in the mother's blood, which in turn leads to oxygen deprivation in the fetus; nicotine, an addictive drug in tobacco, can cause narrowing of blood vessels, slowing down blood flow, which means that the nutrients and oxygen supplied to the fetus will be reduced, which can easily lead to preterm delivery. Premature babies are prone to dysfunctions in breathing, digestion and temperature regulation, and even die soon after birth. Children born to pregnant women who smoke are significantly more likely to be born with low birth weight, which can cause early health problems and is a significant cause of infant mortality, with 10% of sudden infant deaths caused by passive smoking. Smoking women deliver babies with significantly higher rates of malformations than non-smokers, and give birth to children with higher rates of mental retardation and mental illness. Smoking during breastfeeding reduces milk production, and nicotine can enter the breast milk with the bloodstream. A woman who smokes 10-20 cigarettes a day can isolate 0.4-0.5 milligrams of nicotine in 1 kilogram of breast milk, and the nicotine will be brought to the baby through the breast milk, which is a serious threat to the health of the baby. After a baby is born, the smoke that permeates the air will make the baby's breathing strain, and the incidence of neonatal respiratory syndrome is much higher, therefore, it is more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases and infectious diseases of the lungs, such as colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma. Children in the smog are physically stunted, more prone to irritability and crying, and more difficult to feed, as well as having increased chances of ear, nose, and throat infections and impaired hearing. [2] Children's injuries secondhand smoke on children's harm to the United States, for example, according to a professional research organization in the United States in 1998, the assessment results show that asthma annually to the U.S. economy caused by the loss of 12.6 billion U.S. dollars, about 15 million Americans suffer from asthma, of which 5 million are children. Since 1980, the incidence of asthma in children under five years of age in the United States has increased considerably. It is estimated that about 5,100 people die of asthma in the United States each year, an average of 14 per day. Asthma causes 14 million missed school days for U.S. children each year, making it the most serious chronic condition affecting children's learning. According to a report by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, children are the biggest victims of environmental pollution. Typically, children experience higher environmental exposures than adults, and on a per pound of body weight basis, they breathe more air than adults, and thus inhale more pollutants. This, combined with the fact that children are active, less able to protect themselves, and have poor immune function, makes them the most vulnerable to pollutants. Secondhand smoke is the most common pollutant that jeopardizes children's health. According to the World Health Organization's assessment, the main health risks of secondhand smoke to children include triggering childhood asthma, sudden early childhood death syndrome, bronchitis, pneumonia and ear infections. Exposure to secondhand smoke has led to an increase in the number of episodes and worsening of symptoms in 200,000 to 1 million U.S. children with asthma; respiratory illnesses in 150,000 to 300,000 infants and children under the age of 18 months, as well as an increase in the prevalence of a childhood condition called middle ear effusion, which has been linked to secondhand smoke, with 7,500 to 15,000 of these children needing to be hospitalized each year; and about 1,900 to 2,700 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the United States each year. In addition, about 1,900 to 2,700 cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in the U.S. each year are also thought to be related to secondhand smoke pollution. Secondhand smoke is also a major irritant in childhood asthma. One study showed that the combined effects of secondhand smoke and room mites can lead to a higher incidence of asthma in preschool children, especially in families where both parents smoke, and their children are far more likely to suffer from related illnesses than those in nonsmoking families. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has pointed out in its report to Congress that children are America's most precious asset and that their health is related to the quality and international competitiveness of future U.S. citizens. In order to protect children from the hazards of secondhand smoke, the United States has launched a series of national actions: among the three major indoor environmental pollutants completed by the year 2000, including secondhand smoke; as early as 1989 launched the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program; in 1997 launched a high-priority Children's Environmental Risks Presidential Task Force as well as in 1996 launched the Smoke-Free Home Pledge Initiative, among others. [3-4] "Secondhand Smoke" Increases Children's Meningitis Risk A new study from the United Kingdom says that children's regular exposure to "secondhand smoke" significantly increases the risk of meningitis, and researchers are urging people to avoid smoking around their children. Researchers at the University of Nottingham and other institutions in the new issue of the journal bmc public **** health reported that they explored the relationship between passive smoking and invasive meningococcal disease and comprehensively reviewed the past more than a dozen related studies, the results show that children under 5 years of age who are often exposed to "secondhand smoke" environment, the risk of invasive meningococcal disease is significantly increased. The risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children under 5 years of age who are frequently exposed to "secondhand smoke" is more than double the normal risk. In addition, the risk of invasive meningococcal disease in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy was even higher, more than three times the normal risk. Invasive meningococcal disease is an important cause of bacterial meningitis, which occurs in adolescents, infants and young children, and kills about one in 20 patients, while about one in six patients, even if cured, are left with neurological and behavioral disorders. Researcher Rachel Murray said that although it is not yet fully clear that passive smoking leads to an increased risk of meningitis of the specific mechanism, but the current study shows that there is indeed a correlation between the two, so it is best for people to try to avoid smoking in the home or other situations where children are present. <br> It is recommended to avoid secondhand smoke by opening windows to ventilate the room to remove dirty air. Murray estimates that an additional 630 cases of invasive meningococcal disease occur in children in the UK each year as a result of second-hand smoke. [5]<br>