For conscious patients, coughing is the best way to eliminate foreign body obstruction in respiratory tract, which is suitable for patients with good ventilation. For patients with complete airway obstruction and partial airway obstruction caused by insufficient gas exchange, abdominal pressure method and chest impact method are mainly used. The specific operation of abdominal compression is as follows: for the patient who is awake (standing) due to foreign body blocking the airway, the rescuer stands behind the patient, puts his arms around the patient's waist, clenches his fist with one hand, and holds his thumb against his navel for 2 cm, away from the xiphoid process with the other hand, and continuously presses inward and upward for 6 ~ 10 times, then stands in front of the patient and pries his mouth with one thumb and four fingers. This method is not suitable for pregnant women. For patients who are in a coma (prone position) due to airway obstruction caused by foreign bodies, the rescuer should first put the patient in supine position, then kneel on the left side of the patient's thigh or ride on the outside of the patient's two thighs, with one hand resting 2 cm above the patient's umbilicus, away from the xiphoid process, and the other hand on the back of the first hand, continuously and forcefully press the abdomen upward for 6 ~ 10 times, and then pry up the tongue with four fingers such as thumb. Chest impact method is mainly suitable for very obese patients in the third trimester. The specific operation method is as follows: For those who are conscious, the chest impact method of standing or sitting can be used. The rescuer stood behind the patient and put his arms around his chest from the patient's armpit. Place the thumb side in the middle of the patient's sternum with one hand, and pay attention to avoid the costal margin and xiphoid process. Hold this fist with the other hand and impact it backwards several times until the foreign body is removed or the patient is unconscious. For patients who are unconscious, chest impact in supine position can be used to put the patient in supine position. The rescuer kneels on the patient's chest, with one hand at the middle and lower sternum 1/3, and the other hand at the overlapping position, and slams it up and down several times. When the foreign body reaches the mouth, take it out by hand.
The methods of forcing patients to open their mouths are as follows: ① Finger crossing is suitable for patients with moderate mandibular relaxation. On the top of the patient's head or one side, two index fingers pinch the lower teeth from the mouth corner insertion opening, and two thumbs and index fingers cross to pinch the upper teeth to open the mouth; ② Posterior insertion is suitable for sealing teeth. The index finger is inserted from the corner of the mouth, enters the mouth through the cheeks and teeth, reaches between the upper and lower alveoli, and opens the mouth. (3) Tongue-mandible lifting is used to completely lift the mandible. Put your thumb deep into the oropharynx, lift the base of your tongue, grasp the jaw and lift the other four fingers.
If the foreign body cannot be removed by the above methods, it should be sent to the hospital in time. Medical staff can handle it more effectively through related medical instruments, such as laryngoscope, tongue depressor, mouth opener, surgical forceps, etc. Foreign bodies can be taken out directly or sucked out through instruments until oropharyngeal intubation, tracheal intubation, cricothyroid membrane puncture or incision.