(i) Meaning of Environmental Factors
Environmental factors like building, office location, furniture etc. also convey information. A special office, a painting of a famous person, a set of brand-name clothing, an expensive diamond, a Rolex watch, a Mercedes-Benz car may remind visitors: the head of the company is a successful person, dealing with such people is reliable. In communication should be fully aware of the information conveyed by environmental factors.
(ii) Environmental factors identification method
From:ISO 14001 Initial Environmental Review Training Kit
① Steps to identify environmental factors
l Select the organization's processes (activities, products or services)
l Determine the environmental factors accompanying the process
l Determine the environmental impact
② Classification of environmental factors
l Water, gas, sound, slag and other pollutants discharged or disposed of
l Energy, resources, raw material consumption
l Environmental issues and requirements of the relevant parties
l Other
③ Determination of the basis of environmental factors
l Objectively with or likely to have environmental impact
l Clearly defined by laws, regulations and requirements
l Positive or negative
l Required by related parties
l Others
⑤ Classification of Methods for Identifying Environmental Factors
l Material Accounting
l Product Life Cycle
l Questionnaire Surveys
l Consultation with Experts
l On-site observation (viewing and interviewing)
l Brainstorming
l Review of documents and records
l Measurement
l Horizontal comparisons - internally, in the same industry, or with others
l Vertical comparisons - where the organization is now compared with the past
l Vertical comparisons -Comparison between the present and the past of the organization
Each of the above methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is necessary to use a combination of methods when implementing the identification, some of which are described below:
1) Questionnaire Review - Factor Identification
A questionnaire review is conducted through a series of questions prepared in advance. The questionnaire review is a series of questions prepared in advance to obtain information on environmental factors by visiting the site and talking to the personnel. The design of the questionnaire should be based on the principles of comprehensiveness and the combination of qualitative and quantitative. The questionnaire should cover as many environmental factors as possible in the organization's activities, products, and related upstream and downstream environmental issues, and the same designed questionnaire can be used for different departments within an organization, although this is not practical to design a single questionnaire for a single department even though it is somewhat less targeted.
Questions in a typical questionnaire might include the following:
l What air pollutants are produced? What are the concentrations and total quantities of the pollutants?
l What water pollutants are generated? What are the concentrations and total quantities of these pollutants?
l What toxic and hazardous chemicals are used? What are the quantities?
l How are environmental issues considered in product design?
l What are the emergency situations? What precautions have been taken?
l How much water, electricity, coal and oil are used? How does it compare with the industry and previous years?
l What kind of environmental protection equipment do you have? What is the maintenance status?
l What are the toxic and hazardous solid wastes generated? How is it disposed of?
l What are the main noise sources? Does the plant boundary meet the standard?
l Are there any complaints from residents? Have you done any investigation?
The above is only part of the questionnaire, the organization can be based on the actual situation to develop a complete questionnaire outline.
2) On-site Review (I) - Observation Interviews and Identification of Environmental Factors
On-site observation and interviews are the most effective way to quickly and directly identify environmental factors at the site. These environmental factors may have significant environmental impacts, or potentially significant environmental impacts, and in some cases, environmental risks. For example:
? Traces of large-scale waste oil runoff to the outside of the plant were observed;
? Asked on-site employees, who responded "no toxic substances are used here", but found highly toxic substances in the corner of the site;
? Employees do not know if the organization has an environmental management system, but the organization does have some environmental systems;
? Black smoke is found in the boiler room chimney;
? Hearing harsh noise coming from the plant;
? All kinds of wastes mixed in the garbage dump ...... >>
Question 2: What should be the main considerations when identifying and evaluating environmental factors Comprehensively identifying the organization's environmental factors and accurately evaluating important environmental factors is the basis for establishing and maintaining an environmental management system. According to the requirements of ISO14001 standard 4.3.1 environmental factors, the organization should pay attention to the following aspects to consider when identifying environmental factors:
1. Identify environmental factors from the organization's activities, products and services
The environmental factors are generated in the organization's production and processing processes, including the selection of raw materials, raw material input to the output of the product, and also the distribution and consumption of products throughout the process
The environmental factors are generated by the organization's production and processing processes, including the selection of raw materials, raw material input to the product output, and also includes product distribution and consumption. The identification of environmental factors should include controllable and influential
Controllable refers to environmental factors that can be managed, changed, handled and disposed of by the organization itself;
Influential refers to certain environmental factors that cannot be changed by the organization through administrative or other technical means, which mostly belong to the stakeholders who have close relationship with the organization, and can be changed through some kind of administrative means. These environmental factors are mostly related to the organization's close relationship with the relevant parties, through a certain relationship of interest to exert influence on the relevant parties, indirectly realize the control or management of environmental factors.
3. Identifying environmental factors should focus on considering different states, tenses, and types
Three states: normal, abnormal, and emergency
Three tenses: past, present, and future
Six types: emissions to the atmosphere, discharges to the water column, waste management, land contamination, the use of raw materials and natural resources, and other local environmental and community issues
Identifying environmental factors should focus on considering different states, tenses, and types. p>
The identification of environmental factors must mobilize the participation of employees*** in all departments and at all levels, taking into account all aspects of the organization's products, materials, production, processes, resources, management, and so on. Control and management of significant environmental factors identified and evaluated is the management core of the environmental management system.
Question 3: 1. What aspects need to be considered in identifying and evaluating environmental factors? Air quality, humidity, temperature, soil, climate, density of people, geography, customs and habits, etc.
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Question 4: Identification and evaluation of environmental factors, environmental impacts and their environmental importance of what are the main techniques that That's the scope of business of the environmental assessment company. These include: the collection of basic environmental information, the construction project process and the total amount of pollutants information, the management of pollutants program, the reality of environmental monitoring and status quo evaluation, recommendations and so on.
Question 5: What is the meaning of a, b, c, d, e, f, g in the environmental factors identification evaluation form This has to be based on your documents to, the documents will state a b c d what each represents, generally is the severity of the impact of the environmental factors on the environment, the frequency of occurrence, the scope of the impact, the extent of the discovery can be found, etc., of course, this order is also based on the different definitions of each company has different. The company's definition is also different according to each company.
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Question 6: Environmental factors identification, evaluation, and mark whether there is a significant environmental factors Environmental factors refers to an organization's activities, products, or services that can interact with the environment in the elements. It includes both temporal and spatial factors. (i) Meaning of Environmental Factors Environmental factors such as buildings, office locations, furniture, etc. can also convey information. A special office, a painting, a set of brand-name clothing
Question 7: What are the requirements for the identification and evaluation of environmental factors and hazardous and harmful factors Important Environmental Factors: Environmental factors that have or can have a significant environmental impact Chapter 2: Sources of Environmental Factors Chapter 3: Descriptions of Environmental Factors Chapter 3: Description of Environmental Factors Chapter 4: Impacts of Environmental Factors Chapter 5: Identification of Environmental Factors Methods for Identifying Environmental Factors Chapter 5 Methods for Identifying Environmental Factors Material Balance Calculation Method (Process Flow Analysis Method) Chapter 5 Methods for Identifying Environmental Factors Frequently Asked Questions in the Questionnaire Method: - What air pollutants are generated? What are the concentration and total amount of pollutants? -What water pollutants are generated? What are the concentration and total amount of pollutants? -What toxic and hazardous chemical substances are used? What are the quantities? -How are environmental issues considered in product design? -What are the emergencies? What preventive measures are taken? -What is the amount of water, electricity, coal and oil used? How does it compare with the same industry and previous years? -What environmental protection equipment is in place? What is the maintenance status? -What toxic and hazardous solid wastes are generated? How is it disposed of? -What are the main noise sources? Does the noise at the factory boundary meet the standard? -Any complaints from residents? Has a survey been done? Chapter 5: Methods for Identifying Environmental Factors Steps for Identifying Environmental Factors: Step 1: Select the activities, products, or services to be analyzed Step 2: Identify the environmental factors, including apparent and latent factors, using appropriate methods Step 3: Confirm the existence of the identified environmental factors Step 4: Summarize and organize the environmental factors Chapter 6: Contents to Consider When Identifying Environmental Factors Chapter 6: Contents to Consider When Identifying Environmental Factors Exercise - Identify environmental factors for the following activities - Production machinery management activities - Transportation of hazardous chemicals - Administrative offices - Computer use - Air conditioning use - Air conditioning maintenance - Paint use Air conditioning maintenance - Paint application Chapter 5: Methods for Identifying Environmental Factors Chapter 7: Evaluation of Environmental Factors 1. Non-judgmental method Non-judgmental method - Compare, measure, and determine the important factors based on the established evaluation criteria. Evaluation of Environmental Factors If one of the following evaluation criteria is met, it is recognized as an important environmental factor. Requirements: This method is simple and easy to operate, but the evaluator should be familiar with environmental protection expertise in order to make an accurate judgment. Chapter 7: Evaluation of Environmental Factors&nb
Question 8: Briefly describe the evaluation criteria and evaluation methods of important environmental factors 10 points Environmental Impact Evaluation
The environmental impact evaluation is an important part of the project evaluation system, which includes the study of the environmental conditions required for the project construction program, the identification and analysis of the environmental factors affecting the construction of the project, and the protection countermeasures and measures that need to be taken. This lecture focuses on the evaluation method of environmental value.
First, the main methods of environmental value assessment
Environmental value is the value of the environmental quality of the monetary quantification, the general use of the direct market method, alternative market method and willingness to investigate and assess the value of the environment to quantify.
(a) Direct market method
Direct market method is the direct use of monetary prices (market prices or shadow prices), the construction of the project may affect the environmental quality of the changes in the method of observation and measurement. Mainly include:
1. Market value or productivity method
The impact of investment and construction activities of the project on the environmental quality of construction activities may lead to changes in the output level of the corresponding commodity market, and therefore can be used to change the level of output caused by changes in sales of commodities to measure the change in the value of the environment. For example, if the emission of a certain kind of waste affects the production of other manufacturers in the surrounding area, the environmental value can be calculated in terms of the reduction in the gross national product of other manufacturers due to the reduction in production. If the goods affected by a change in environmental quality are sold under conditions in which the market mechanism is functioning adequately, the market price of the goods can be used directly to measure the environmental value. If the environmental quality change affects the commodity is in the market mechanism is not perfect conditions of sales (such as the existence of monopoly or price subsidies, or enterprises are not self-financing, and therefore can be disregarded in the market supply and demand conditions and product sales conditions of indiscriminate price increases, etc.), should be used to calculate the value of the environmental impact of the shadow price.
2. Human capital method or loss of income method
Changes in the quality of the environment has a multifaceted impact on human health. This impact is not only reflected in the increase in morbidity and mortality of workers and the direct cost of production (which can be measured using the market value approach), but also in the increase in medical expenses due to environmental degradation, as well as the loss of income due to premature illness or death, etc. The human capital approach or the loss of income approach is a method of calculating the value of environmental impacts. The human capital approach or loss of income approach is specifically designed to assess the value of the environment as reflected in human health. From an economic point of view, human capital refers to the capital embodied in a worker, which mainly includes the worker's cultural and technical level and health status. Investment in human capital is an investment in the health status and cultural and technical level of workers. The cost of human investment includes individual and social expenditures on education and health care, etc., and the benefit of human investment includes the increase in personal income and the social benefits brought about by individuals' education and health care. To simplify the calculation, the human capital approach only calculates the increase in health-care expenditures due to changes in the quality of the environment and the loss of personal income due to premature illness or death of workers. The former is equal to the product of the number of additional patients due to changes in environmental quality and the average cost of treatment per patient (weighted by different illnesses), while the latter is equal to the product of the impact of changes in environmental quality on workers' life expectancy and years of service, and the product of the present value of workers' expected incomes (net of incomes from non-human capital).
3. Cost of Protection Method
When an activity is likely to lead to environmental pollution, people can take appropriate measures to prevent or control environmental pollution. The use of the cost of taking these measures to assess the environmental value of the method is the cost of protection method. The burden of protection costs can be in different ways, such as to take "who pollutes, who treats" approach, the polluter to buy and install environmental protection equipment to eliminate pollution, or to take "who pollutes, who pays" approach, the establishment of specialized pollutant treatment enterprises for the centralized treatment of pollutants, can also be taken to take the pollutants. Pollutants can be treated centrally, or the victims can buy their own equipment (e.g., noise victims installing soundproofing equipment at home), and the polluters can give the corresponding compensation. The required cost can be used as a basis for measuring the environmental impact value of the project.
4. Restoration cost method or replacement cost method
If the environmental pollution leading to the deterioration of environmental quality can not be effectively managed, then it will have to be used in other ways to restore the damaged environment, in order to make the original environmental quality can be maintained. The cost of restoring the damaged environmental quality to the condition before the damage is the restoration cost. Restoration costs are generally calculated using replacement costs to accurately reflect the cost of restoration at realistic price levels.
5. Shadow project method
The shadow project method is a special form of the restoration cost method. When the construction of a project will cause damage to the quality of the environment, and it is technically impossible to restore or ...... >>