OHSAS18000 series of standards and the resulting occupational health and safety management system identification system is another management system standard identification system that has become popular around the world in recent years. OHSAS18000 series of standards was jointly launched in 1999 by the British Standards Institution (BSI), the Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and other 13 organizations. OHSAS18000 is an international standard jointly launched by 13 organizations including British Standards Institution (BSI) and Det Norske Veritas (DNV) in 1999. The OHSAS18001 standard is a recognition standard, which is the basis for the establishment of occupational health and safety management system of the organization (enterprise), and is also the main basis for internal auditing and recognition of enterprises and recognition agencies to implement the recognition audit. China has been transformed into a national standard on November 12, 2000: GB/T28001-2001 idtOHSAS18001:1999 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification". On December 20 of the same year, the State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC) also launched the Occupational Health and Safety Management System Audit Specification and started the Occupational Health and Safety Management System Identification System in China. The national standard "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Requirements" has been updated to GB/T:280012011 on December 30th, 2011, which is equivalent to the translation of the new OHSAS18001:2007 standard (in English), and was implemented on February 1st, 2012.
OHSAS18001 certificate issued by SGS APPLICATIONAs we all know, in people's work activities or working environment, there are always such and such potential sources of danger, which may damage property, jeopardize the environment, affect human health, and even cause injury accidents. These hazards are chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and other types. The likelihood of an accident caused by one or more hazards and its possible consequences is called risk. Risk can be assessed by the probability of occurrence, the scope of the hazard, the size of the loss and other indicators. The object of modern occupational safety and health management is occupational safety and health risk.
Scope of identificationIn order to clarify the basic requirements of occupational safety and health management system, to encourage employers to adopt reasonable occupational safety and health management principles and methods, to control their occupational safety and health risks, and to continuously improve the occupational safety and health performance, it is hereby formulated that the audit specification of occupational safety and health management system is hereby formulated.
This specification applies to any employer who has the following aspirations:
(1) to establish an OSH management system that effectively eliminates and minimizes the risks related to the activities of the employer to which the employees and other relevant persons may be exposed;
(2) to implement, maintain and continuously improve its OSH management system;
(3) Ensure compliance with its stated OSH policy;
(4) Demonstrate to the community the principles of its OSH work;
(5) Seek identification and registration of its OSH management system with an external organization;
(6) Self-evaluate and declare compliance with the Code.
All the requirements set out in the Code are intended to assist employers in establishing an OSH management system, and the extent to which they are applicable depends on the employer's approach to OSH, the characteristics of its activities, and the nature of its risks and the complexity of its operations.
Identification processThe first step, enterprise demand analysis (clear enterprise demand enterprise demand analysis potential demand analysis)
The second step, the consulting process planning (the full period of the work plan consulting phase plan regular review of the results of the work)
The third step, the environment/safety management system diagnosis (the preparation of diagnostic plans on-site diagnosis Diagnostic report to put forward recommendations for improvement)
The fourth step, the system analysis, is intended to help employers establish an occupational safety and health management system.
The fourth step, system analysis/initial environmental assessment (initial environmental/hazardous source assessment plan environmental factors/hazardous sources identification and evaluation of relevant laws and regulations collection and evaluation of basic information collection and organization of the initial environmental assessment report management system integration and analysis)
The fifth step, the provision of training (basic training, laws and regulations, knowledge of the training management system file training training of internal auditor training, environmental/safety protection related competence training, identification and preparation training, environmental/safety protection related competence training, environmental/safety training). Protection of relevant competence training identification preparation training environment/safety management special training)
Sixth step, the environment/safety management system design (environment/safety management business activities division business activities analysis system integration design complete archiving environmental system design identification of resource requirements) Seventh step, the file preparation guidance (file preparation guidance compliance review review of the objectives and indicators of the review of the management program review determine the final file file approval release) Review to determine the final file file approval and release)
OHSAS18001 identification planningStep 8, (system operation guidance objectives and targets to achieve the degree of review of laws and regulations compliance review two internal audits management review to propose improvements and check the effectiveness of the improvements)
Step 9, the consulting/implementation effect of the evaluation and improvement (written evaluation of the enterprise's business loss cost comparisons). Consulting/implementation of the adjustment and improvement of the method)
The tenth step, the third party identification of the pre-preparation (guidance on the selection of identification organizations to put forward the identification of the application for simulated on-site audits to put forward corrective measures and implementation of the acceptance of the formal identification of the audit) the eleventh step, the audit through the certificate
Consulting processOHSAS18001 consulting process
Standard publicity and training:
OSHAS18001 standard content, characteristics and mode of operation
Relationship between OSHAS18001 and ISO9001 and ISO14001 standards
Hazard identification and risk assessment knowledge
Introduction to China's occupational safety and health laws and regulations
Initial state review:
Initial state review program
Identification and evaluation of risk sources in the organization
Collection and evaluation of related laws and regulations
Identification of gaps between the existing management system and the standards
Planning of OSH management system:
Formulation of the organization's OSH management policy
Determination of the organization's structure and responsibilities
Formulation of the objectives and management plans for OSH management
Formulation of the OSH management objectives and management programs
Formulation of the organization's OSH management policy and management plans
Analysis of OSH Management Business Activities and System Integration
Identification of Resource Requirements
Establishment of System Documentation:
Documentation Training and Guidance
Documentation Compliance Review and Finalization
Documentation Approval and Release
System Operation:
Guidance on System Operation
System Management System Planning. System operation guidance
Operational training and documentation for all levels of personnel in all departments
System evaluation and improvement:
Internal auditor training
Two internal audits
Management review
Suggestion of improvements, evaluation of improvements
Application for identification:
Mock audits
Preparation for identification
Accidental losses Preparation for identification
Accidental lossesAspects
The losses caused by risk-induced accidents are varied and are generally categorized as follows:
(1) injury to the lives of the workers themselves and others;
OHSAS18001 Logo(2) injury to the health of the workers themselves and others (including psychological injuries);
(3) damage to, loss of, or loss of information, equipment, and facilities (including mental injury);
(3) damage to, loss of, or loss of equipment, and loss of facilities, and loss of information, and loss of equipment. facilities damage, loss (including the loss of a certain period of time or a long period of time can not work properly);
(4) the cost of dealing with the accident (including stoppage of production, accident investigation and other indirect costs);
(5) the organization, the increase in the economic burden of the workers;
(6) the workers themselves and other people's families, friends, the community's spiritual, psychological, economic injury and loss;
(7) ***, industry, social public opinion criticism and accusations;
(8) Legal prosecution and news exposure caused by the organization's image injury;
(9) Loss of confidence in the investor or the financial sector;
(10) Injury to the organization's credibility, loss of business opportunities;
(11) Decrease in the competitiveness of the market for the product;
(12) The workers Complaints, complaints, criticisms, etc. from themselves and others. Losses from occupational safety and health accidents include direct and indirect losses, and the depletion of losses far exceeds the cost of medical care and compensation for illness, which means that indirect losses are generally much greater than direct losses.
There are two types of risk triggering factors that cause losses:
Significance of identificationThe significance of establishing an OHS system and obtaining identification is:
Comprehensively standardize and improve the management of OHS in the enterprise, minimize the potential for all kinds of injuries and deaths and occupational diseases, safeguard the safety of the enterprise's property, and improve the efficiency of the work;
Enhance the image of the enterprise, break trade barriers, and improve the efficiency of the work. corporate image, break down trade barriers, and be in a favorable position in domestic and international competition, thereby increasing market share
Provide a mechanism to continuously meet the requirements of laws and regulations, reduce enterprise risks, and prevent accidents;
Improve ***, the public **** relations between enterprises and employees, enhance enterprise cohesion, and improve the overall competitiveness of enterprises;
Improve the amount of financial credits level and reduce insurance costs.
Individual FactorsAmong the individual factors are: physical/physiological structural deficiencies, such as lack of height, weight, stretching, sensitivity to substances or allergies, etc.; thinking/mental deficiencies, such as lack of comprehension, poor judgment, poor sense of direction, etc.; physiological stresses, such as fatigue from overloading of the senses, exposure to extremes of temperature, oxygen deprivation, etc.; and thinking or mental stresses such as emotional overload, demands for extreme concentration/attention, etc.; lack of knowledge, e.g. insufficient training, misinterpretation of instructions, etc.; lack of skills, e.g. insufficient internships; incorrect drivers, e.g. inappropriate coworker competition, etc.
Work and System FactorsWork/system factors include: Inadequate direction/supervision, e.g., unclear or conflicting delegation of responsibilities, inadequate delegation of authority, inadequate policies, procedures, practices, or guidelines; Inadequate engineering, e.g., insufficient human factors/ergonomics considerations, insufficient operational readiness; Inadequate purchasing, e.g., incorrectly stored or transported materials, inadequate identification of hazardous items, etc.; Inadequate maintenance, e.g., inadequate maintenance, e.g., inadequate storage or transportation of materials, inadequate identification of dangerous items, etc. Inadequate maintenance, e.g., inadequate lubrication and servicing, inadequate inspection equipment, etc.; inadequate tools and equipment, e.g., inadequate work standards, abnormal wear and tear, misuse or abuse of equipment. It follows that the control of losses is not limited to the scope of personal safety control. Dr. Deming and other management scientists have found that about 15% of the problems in a company can be controlled by the staff and about 85% or more by management. Losses were not "unavoidable" costs of doing business, but could be prevented and eliminated through management.
Development 1950sThe development of occupational safety and health management has gone through the following stages:
1950s: the main content of occupational safety and health management is to control accidents related to personal injuries, to prevent the recurrence of accidents, without regard to other issues, it is a kind of passive control. 70s: a certain degree of loss control, taking into account some of the issues related to people, equipment, materials, and the environment, but still a negative control. The 70s: some degree of loss control is carried out, taking into account some of the problems related to people, equipment, materials and the environment, but it is still a passive response and negative control. 90s: OSH management has developed to the stage of controlling risks, and a more comprehensive and positive control can be carried out on the risks caused by personal and work/systemic factors, and it is a proactive response management mode. 21st Century: a study by the UK Executive Committee on Safety and Health has shown that it accounts for about 5-10% of the profits of organizations in the UK. . Increasing emphasis is being placed on the protection of people's safety, and the demands on workplaces and working conditions have been raised by all interested parties. Modern management calls for a people-centered approach. For organizations. Organizations of all types are increasingly concerned with controlling their operations and are considering the full integration of OSH management into their day-to-day management activities. Therefore, occupational safety and health management in the 21st century is to control all risks, loss control and overall management program with the realization of systematic management. This management system needs to consider not only people, equipment, materials and environment, but also human resources, product quality, engineering and design, procurement of goods, contracting system, legal responsibility, manufacturing program and so on. We can see the degree of importance attached to occupational safety and health management in the 21st century organizational world from the relevant discourses of several large British companies:British Petroleum:Prevention is cheaper than cure, benevolence and business sense are not necessarily in conflict, work safety is good business, and profit and safety are not mutually exclusive. BP:By improving our health and safety systems, we have saved ￡750,000 in insurance premiums. Conolo UK: Safety is certainly one of the most important investments we make, and the question is not how much it costs us, but how much it saves us.
The emergence of occupational safety and health management systemsThe British Standards Organisation (BSO) was the first in the world to develop guidance on occupational safety and health management systems (BS8800:1996), which are designed to safeguard the safety and health of employees and related personnel, and to enable organizations to improve their internal management, reduce business risks, and avoid losses. Occupational safety and health management system reflects the international trend of protecting human rights, and thus the system has become a new hot spot of international concern after ISO 9000 quality management system and ISO 14000 environmental management system. Many organizations use this guide as an outline to establish an OSH management system, such as Pune, ABB, and Hangzhou Panasonic.
ApproachHowever, BS8800 only provides two ways to establish the system, is a guiding outline or recommended practice, can not be used as the basis for system identification; and there is no world-wide occupational safety and health management system identification standards. In this case, in order to meet the identification needs of the organization, a few well-known accreditation bodies in the world in the BS8800 based on the development of the organization's occupational safety and health management system identification standards.
Specific benefitsThe establishment of occupational safety and health management system on the significance of the organization Although only a few dozen organizations worldwide to obtain occupational safety and health management system identification, but the establishment of occupational safety and health management system and seek to identify the new international trend will certainly become the organization's benefits are specifically expressed in the following areas:
(l) through the third-party review, to obtain the Occupational Safety and health management system identification certificate, and public announcement and compliance with the relevant standards, thereby improving the company's organizational image;
(2) reflect the care of managers of employees, the establishment of a "people-oriented" corporate culture, and enhance the cohesion of the company;
(3) minimize or eliminate the risk of the organization's operations of occupational safety and health, to avoid direct/indirect losses caused by the relevant issues, to achieve sustainable business operations. to avoid direct/indirect losses caused by related problems, and to achieve the purpose of sustainable business operation;
(4) Improve internal management through systematization and full participation;
(5) Commitment to comply with laws, regulations and other requirements, and take the initiative in abiding by the law, and to do a good job in fulfilling the organization's international/social responsibility;
(6) Comply with the new trend of international trade.
From the global system identification, product identification trends, occupational safety and health management system identification and will become a non-tariff trade barriers. Early establishment of the system and through the identification, can help the organization to seize the opportunity of international trade.
January 9, 2000, the State Administration of Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine issued "on the identification of occupational safety and health management system to carry out the work of the notice" "State Administration of Inspection and Quarantine recognition [2000] No. 7," requiring the Inspection and Quarantine Bureau directly under the identification of the organization to promote the establishment of China's export-oriented enterprises to establish a modern enterprise system to improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the international market to carry out the identification of occupational safety and health management system. work.
Occupational management
Occupational safety and health management system of the background
The British Health and safety Executive's study shows that factory injuries, occupational diseases and can be prevented by non-injurious accidents caused by the loss of about 5-10% of the profitability of British businesses.
National legislation on occupational safety and health is becoming more stringent, with increasing emphasis on the protection of people's safety, and the successive implementation of related measures to raise the requirements of all parties involved in the workplace and working conditions.
For enterprises. Organizations of all types are increasingly concerned about how to control the risk of hazards posed to their employees by their operations, products, or services, and are considering incorporating the management of employee safety and health into their day-to-day management activities.
Based on these factors, the British Standards Organization (BSO) was the first in the world to develop a guide to occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems (BS8800:1996), which was used by many companies as a framework for the establishment of OSH management systems.
In 1999, 13 internationally renowned recognition organizations jointly formulated and published the OHSAS18001 Occupational Safety and Health Management System Specification
Scope of control of the occupational safety and health management body
Routine and non-routine activities
Activities of all persons close to the workplace (including subcontractors and visitors)
Facilities at the workplace, whether provided by the organization or by others
The OSH management system generally involves the management of:
Fire management
Management of production equipment
Management of labour protective equipment
Management of motor vehicles
Management of office conditions
Management of health care
Key points of OSH management system
Understand OSH losses and risks through self-assessment.
Formulate management rules and improvement plans for important OSH losses and risks.
Implement OSH management rules and programs.
Regularly review and evaluate OSH regulations and programs.
Continuous improvement of OSH performance and commitment to comply with laws, regulations and other relevant requirements.
Say what you think, do what you say, and prove what you do.
Benefits of establishing an OSH management system
Enhancement of the company's corporate image.
Enhance the cohesion of the company.
Reduce the risk of occupational safety and health in business operations and achieve sustainable business.
Improve internal management.
Avoid direct/indirect losses caused by OSH problems.
To fulfill the international/social responsibility of the company.
Responding to new trends in international trade.
Management Trends in the 21st Century
Quality Management System: ISO9001:2008
Environmental Management System: ISO14001:2004
Occupational Safety and Health Management System: OHSAS18001:2007
Quality Management System, Environmental Management System and Occupational Safety and Health Management System are both individual and ******. management system have both individuality and ****, the management trend of the twenty-first century is to use these three management systems in the daily management of the enterprise at the same time, so that customer satisfaction, social satisfaction, employee satisfaction.
Significance Necessity and urgency⒈ actively implement the occupational health and safety management system (OHSAS18001) to identify the necessity and urgency
(1) China's safety situation is grim
With the rapid development of China's economy, China's safety situation is becoming increasingly serious, the total number of various types of injuries and fatal accidents is large and has been high, large and major accidents occur frequently, occupational disease patients are also gradually. The total number of injuries and fatalities of all kinds is large and has remained high, with large and major accidents occurring frequently and the number of people suffering from occupational diseases increasing.
(2) China has accelerated the pace of legislation on occupational safety and health, and the requirements for enterprise safety production are becoming more and more stringent
China has introduced a large number of safety production regulations, especially in 2001 and 2002, when the Work Safety Law and the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases were enacted, which put forward mandatory regulatory requirements and standards for safety production.
(3) "People-oriented, concerned about the health and safety of employees" is increasingly becoming an important symbol of modern enterprises and a good image.
In summary, the organization (enterprise) only through the establishment of a systematic, standardized management system, according to the relevant regulatory requirements, the source identification of hazardous sources and the whole process of control, in order to achieve continuous improvement, continuous compliance.
Institution and main content
⒉OHSAS18001 standard institution and main content
OHSAS18001 standard consists of:1 Scope, 2 normative references file, 3 terms and definitions, 4 elements of occupational health and safety management system and other 4 series of composition.
The standard specifies 17 terminology definitions, of which "hazard", "risk", "accident" are the four terms with 18001 characteristics.
Chapter 4 is the main content of the standard, which specifies the requirements of the occupational health and safety management system. The structure of the standard is exactly the same as ISO14001, and also consists of five primary elements, subdivided into 17 secondary elements, reflecting the PDCA circle and management mode.
Methods and Steps3 methods and steps to establish an OHSAS management system
The organization (enterprise) to establish OHSAS, based on OHSAS18001 requirements, combined with the organization (enterprise) in accordance with the actual establishment of the following six steps:
(1) Leadership Decision-making and Preparation: Leadership Decision-making, the provision of resources, the appointment of management generation, the announcement of training
(2) Initial safety review and preparation. p>
(2) initial safety review: identify and determine the sources of risk, identify and access to safety regulations, analyze the current situation, identify weaknesses
(3) system planning and design: the development of occupational health and safety policy, objectives, management programs; to determine the system structure, responsibilities and file structure
(4) the preparation of the system file: the preparation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management Handbook, the relevant program files and operational files
(5) system planning and design: the preparation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management Manual, the relevant program files and operational files
(5) the system is established in accordance with the following six steps p>
(5) Trial operation of the system: each department, all employees in strict accordance with the system requirements to regulate their own activities and operations
(6) internal audit and management review: system operation for more than 2 months after the internal audit and management evaluation, self-improvement and improvement Conditions
⒋ organization (enterprise) to obtain OHSAS18001 recognition certificate conditions
(1) according to OHSAS18001 standard requirements for the establishment of archived occupational health and safety management system
(2) the system has been in operation for more than 3 months, covering all 17 elements of the standard
(3) compliance with applicable safety regulations, the accident rate is lower than the average level of the same industry;
(4) need to obtain the relevant departments of the safety and health assessment;
acceptance of third-party audit of the recognition body authorized by the National Accreditation Committee and passed the audit. The third-party audit of the recognition organization authorized by the National Accreditation Committee and passed.
1, the valid version of the management system file
2, a photocopy of the business license or the approval of the establishment of the organization when necessary
3, the organization's safety production license
4, the production process flow charts or service delivery process flow charts
5, the organization chart
6, a list of applicable laws and regulations
7, the geographical location of the third-party audit of the recognition of the Commission.
7. Geographic location diagram
8. Plant layout
9. Production plant layout
10. List of major sources of danger
11. OHS objectives, targets and management programs
12. Proof of compliance with the law
Acquisition of certificates1. OHS Management Manual
2.2. Program files
3. Files necessary for the operation and control of OHS
4. List of laws, regulations and standards related to OHS management
5. Objectives, targets and control programs
6. Management review files
7. Internal audits
8. Management-related training arrangements and training implementation records
9. Compliance assessment of the competence of personnel engaged in occupational health and safety management-related positions
10. Occupational health and safety management system operation records
Major Changes1. The name of the standard has been changed to emphasize the importance of "health":
Change the title of the standard to "Specification for Occupational Health and Safety Management System" to "Specification for Occupational Health and Safety Management System". Safety Management System Specification" to "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Requirements"
2, increased the part of the introduction:
"Planning, Implementation, Inspection and Improvement (PDCA)" model illustration is also given only in the introduction, not at the beginning of the main provisions of the location of the part of the illustration.
3, changes in terminology and definitions:
① nine new terms, respectively: acceptable risk, corrective, file, health damage, occupational health and safety policy, preventive measures, programs, records, workplace.
② modify the definitions of 13 terms, namely: audit, continuous improvement, incident, related parties, non-conformity, OHS management system, OHS objectives, OHS performance, organization, risk, risk assessment.
③ "Allowable risk" was replaced by "Acceptable risk".
④ "Accident" was merged into "Incident".
⑤ "Hazard" no longer involves "property damage" and "damage to the working environment"
⑥ No longer retains the definition of "safety"
4. 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 of the original standard will be merged.
5. New requirements have been proposed for the control level of the OHS planning section. (3.1)
6, the new standard more clearly emphasizes the management of change.
7. Added a new clause 4.5.2, "Compliance evaluation".
8. New requirements for "participation and consultation". (4.4.3.2)
9. New requirement for "incident investigation". (4.5.3.1)