Electric water heater is divided into storage type and instantaneous (also known as rapid) two kinds. Storage type electric water heater Storage capacity of 30L, 40L, 50L, 60L, 80L, 90L, 100L and so on.
Advantages:
Simple installation, easy to use, not affected by gas floor pressure differences, more and more users preferred.
Disadvantages:
Large volume, taking up space; preheating in advance before bathing, waiting time is relatively long; easy to grow scale, need to be descaled once a year. Instantaneous electric water heater: Advantages: fast hot water, only 3 seconds; hot water is not restricted, can be continuous hot water; small size, exquisite appearance; installation, easy to use; how much hot water with how much electricity, less energy consumption.
Disadvantage: high power, need to reserve at least 4 square wires.
Heating system is the key to safe and efficient performance of instantaneous electric water heaters. Leakage is the core heating technology to solve the key to the electric water heater, anti-electricity wall, line control system safety detection, leakage protection function and external leakage protection switch also plays a role, but more is the treatment of the symptoms do not cure the root cause. And modern people's demand for home appliance safety is to do a hundred percent safe to home, so how to solve the instantaneous heating system leakage, leakage, scale, dry burning and other safety issues in the electric water heater industry has become a top priority.
Instantaneous electric water heater classification
Instantaneous electric water heater can be divided into: multi-speed instantaneous electric water heater, thermostatic instantaneous electric water heater, KitchenAid, instantaneous electric hand-washing treasure, instantaneous solar energy companion, faucet heater and other types of electric heaters. Multi-speed instantaneous electric water heater is an instantaneous electric water heater that adjusts the heating power with several gears, generally 7 gears, kitchenette is generally 3 gears, hand-washing treasure and electric faucet is generally 1 to 2 gears.
Constantaneous instantaneous electric water heater
Constantaneous instantaneous electric water heater refers to the water heater in the incoming water flow and incoming water temperature and power supply voltage and other changes in the situation, but still be able to maintain the temperature of the water and the temperature set by the user is basically a constant of the electric water heater.
Instantaneous solar companion
Instantaneous solar companion, is a kind of solar water heater with auxiliary heating instant hot water device, suitable for with a variety of solar energy, air energy, ambient gas, electric heat and other water heaters to use the place of the hot water bathing, washing, or alone as a kitchen water heater. In the solar, air and other water heaters, due to weather, season, water quality and other reasons, the hot water temperature does not reach the temperature people need, auxiliary heating, the use of hot water is more convenient and efficient, the real sense of energy saving and emission reduction.
Speed electric water heater
Advantages: fast hot water, large amount of hot water. Is the storage type electric water heater to the instantaneous electric water heater excessive products, combining the advantages of the two, waiting time is not as long as the storage water heater, usually about 15 minutes, also do not need to reserve 4 square lines, quick heating type electric water heater is generally between 3 ~ 5 kilowatts, 2.5 line is enough.
Disadvantage: before taking a bath to preheat 15 minutes in advance.
Gas water heater
By the type of gas used is divided into: artificial gas water heater, natural gas water heater, liquefied petroleum gas water heater;
By the way of control can be divided into: the front system water heater and after the system water heater;
By the way of exhaust is divided into: direct, flue, forced exhaust, balanced, condensing;
By the location of installation can be divided into: indoor installation type, balanced, condensing. Installation location can be divided into: indoor installation type and outdoor installation type.
Because of our country's actual situation and usage habits, gas water heaters are still the first choice of many consumers. The safety of gas water heaters is also a major concern, the state banned the production and sale of direct-vent gas water heaters. The ability to discharge toxic gases in a timely manner has become the key to the safety of gas water heaters. From the development of Europe and the United States, forced to exhaust gas is the inevitable trend in the development of gas water heaters.
Features:
Advantages:
High thermal efficiency, fast heating speed, stable temperature regulation, can be used continuously by many people, has a group of fixed consumers. In winter, you can come to hot water at any time in the kitchen, convenient; water temperature is constant, and the acquisition cost is cheap. The average family, the use of 8-liter machine is enough;
Disadvantages:
Users are afraid of gas poisoning; engaged in forced exhaust water heater, users can not always adjust the water temperature in the bathing process, must be in the bathroom before entering the temperature is set; natural gas prices have been increasing; in order to discharge the resulting exhaust gas to be equipped with a complex gas pipeline.
Solar water heater
Solar water heater is a water heater assembled with vacuum collector tubes, which can produce hot water when there is light, and can be widely used for domestic and industrial hot water. Characterized by high collector efficiency (average daily efficiency ≥ 0.46), safety, cleanliness, energy saving, good thermal insulation, year-round use, long service life and so on. The specifications are 12-branch pipe, 15-branch pipe, 18-branch pipe, 21-branch pipe, 24-branch pipe, etc.. According to the installation mode can be divided into roof type solar water heater and balcony type solar water heater; according to the tank pressure can be divided into pressurized solar water heater and non-pressurized solar water heater.
Solar water heater structure:
1, Water tank shell (Water tank shell)
2, Layer for heat preservation (Layer for heat preservation)
3, Inner water tank (Inner water tank)
4, Vent hole and overflow hole (Vent hole and overflow hole). Vent holeand overflow hole)
5, sealing rubber ring (Silicon seal)
6, the outer water tank end cover (End cover of the outer tank)
7, dustproof circle (A loop of dustproof)
8, electric Heater reserved holes (magnesium rod mounting holes) (Heater)
9, vacuum collector tubes (Evacuated solar collector tubes)
10, inlet and outlet holes (Inlet and outlet hole)
11, Diffuse flat plate (Diffuse flat plate) reflector)
12, shroud tailstock (Tailstock)
13, bracket (Support)
Air water heater
Air water heater is the principle of: through the compressor system operation, absorbing the heat in the air to make hot water. The specific process is: the compressor will refrigerant compression, compressed refrigerant temperature increases, through the condenser in the water tank to make hot water. After the heat exchange of refrigerant back to the compressor for the next cycle. In this process, the air heat is absorbed through the evaporator and introduced into the water to produce hot water. Such a new generation of water heaters through the compressor air heating, that is, the air water heater (air heat pump water heater) air water heater is the heat in the air through the refrigerant transported to the water, the traditional electric water heaters and gas water heaters consume energy is electricity or gas, its thermal efficiency is less than 100%. Since most of the heat is absorbed from the air, its thermal efficiency can reach more than 300%, and its biggest advantage is cooling. After the air energy water heater absorbs the heat in the air to heat the water temperature, the cold air that is sucked out of the heat is applied to the kitchen to realize the kitchen refrigeration and solve the stuffy heat problem in the kitchen.
Air water heaters can be divided into two categories according to the heating form of fluorine cycle and water cycle, each has its own advantages, not mutually exclusive; fluorine cycle machine is divided into: home-type balcony machine, wall machine, kitchen machine, commercial type of gecko machine, attic machine; water cycle machine can be divided into: home-type balcony machine, balcony machine, kitchen machine, commercial type of gecko machine, attic machine, engineering type of roof machine, ground machine. Most of the heat pump water heaters on the market today labeled the maximum water temperature is 60 ℃, but sometimes we need higher hot water temperature, is not the water temperature can also be increased? Of course not, the water temperature is affected by the heat pump water heater compressor to take the refrigerant. R134a refrigerant as an example to illustrate.
1, R134a refrigerant condensing temperature can be as high as 80 degrees, if calculated in accordance with the heat transfer temperature difference of 5 ℃, the highest water temperature up to 75 ℃, but not all conditions can be achieved 75 ℃, when in a low-temperature environment, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the condensing temperature in the case of the temperature down to -15 ℃, it is recommended that the condensing temperature is controlled at no more than 70 ℃.
2, compared to the air conditioning compressor 5-6 maximum compression ratio, heat pump water heater compressor can withstand a very high compression ratio, can be more than 10 (11-13 range of safety), but the compression ratio can not be increased indefinitely, too high a compression ratio will increase the compressor internal local temperature, seriously affecting the service life.
3, for different seasonal characteristics, the design of the heat pump water heater different operating modes. In the spring, fall and summer will be the highest water temperature set a little higher, in the winter will be set a little lower water temperature. 65 ℃ water temperature can fully meet the national standards and consumer demand. This can ensure a higher water temperature, energy efficiency, but also to ensure the safety and reliability of the entire system. At present, the domestic water heater products are mainly electric water heaters, gas water heaters, solar water heaters and air water heaters. Water heater market is still dominated by traditional electric water heaters and gas water heaters, along with the rapid development of the real estate market in recent years, electric water heaters, gas water heater industry have been rapid development, spawned such as Haier, the United States and many other domestic brands, but also attracted A.O. Smith, Siemens, Rinnai, Whirlpool and other international brands to join the water heater industry to promote the quality of water heater industry continues to improve, while the competition between brands is also becoming more intense. Competition between brands is also becoming more intense. In recent years, data show that electric water heater sales ranked the top three Haier, Midea, A.O. Smith accounted for nearly 60% of the market share, the brand concentration is relatively high, the other seven brands to split the market share of about 30%.
In China's gas water heater market in 2011, Wanhe and Wanjiale ranked the first and second place in the brand ranking with 31.8% and 22.1% of the attention ratio, respectively. These two brands have been in the market for a long time, and they have a deeper accumulation in the aspects of product design, channel promotion, etc., with a cumulative attention share of more than 50%, and their market position is outstanding. A complete domestic multi-function water heater contains 2 main parts:
Making cold air part and making hot water part. In fact, these two parts are closely linked together, inseparable, and must work at the same time. That is, while making hot water, cooling the kitchen. Or making hot water while cooling the kitchen.
The internal structure mainly consists of four core components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator.
The workflow is like this: the compressor will return to the low-pressure refrigerant compression, into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow through the pipeline, high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flow through the winding in the outside of the tank of the copper tubes, the heat through the copper tubes to the water tank, heat transfer, cooled down the gaseous refrigerant in the pressure continues to turn into a liquid state, through the expansion valve and then into the evaporator, due to the pressure of the evaporator abruptly As the pressure of the evaporator is suddenly lowered, the liquid refrigerant here quickly evaporates into a gaseous state and absorbs a large amount of heat. At the same time, under the action of the fan, a large amount of air flows over the outer surface of the evaporator, the energy in the air is absorbed by the evaporator, the air temperature is rapidly reduced, and the air becomes cold and is discharged into the kitchen. Subsequently absorbed a certain amount of energy refrigerant back to the compressor, into the next cycle.
By the above working principle can be seen, the working principle of domestic multi-function water heater and air conditioning principle has some similarity, the application of the principle of inverse Carnot, through the absorption of a large number of low-temperature heat in the air, after the compressor's compression into a high-temperature heat, transferred to the water tank, the water heated up. The whole process is a process of energy transfer (from the air with the transfer to the water), not the process of energy conversion, there is no electric heating element to heat the hot water, or burning combustible gases to heat the hot water. 1. Look at the price, look at the brand. The water heater belongs to the appliances that require high quality. Do not allow any safety hazards. From experience, those big manufacturers produce big brand water heater, its quality is over the top. In addition, look at the price, buy water heaters can not be cheap, the price is too low water heater is best not to buy.
2. Look at the capacity. Water heaters on the market will be categorized according to the capacity, we have to buy the corresponding water heater according to the number of people in their families.
3. Installation should be careful. The installation of the water heater should be very careful, otherwise it will leave a safety hazard. It is best to find the manufacturer's professional technicians to install, use to read the instructions carefully.
According to the number of users, choose the right capacity: Capacity Usage requirements 100L, 2 people or less to use 150L, 3-4 people to use 200L 4-5 people to use 250L 5-6 people to use 300L or more 7 or more people, or with a bathtub immersion Look at the brand
Choose the more common professional brands on the market should be less concentrated in the market for air energy! Mixed, some former solar energy and air conditioning manufacturers also sell air water heaters, but its R & D and production do not have a professional air production conditions.
Look at the sample
Professional factory has more large-scale projects and samples, especially in the cold north, and even Tibet can have more samples of the enterprise's products are more stable and technology and energy-saving stronger
Look at the weight
Should be the main accessories for a standard device consists of a compressor, a four-way valve, electronic control, the heat exchanger casing heat exchanger fin heat exchanger, etc., and some manufacturers false standard calorie use, but it is not the same as the standard heat exchanger, but it is not the same as the standard heat exchanger. And some manufacturers false standard heat with a smaller compressor as well as heat exchanger assembly equipment, but the direct thermal power of its equipment is far less than the labeled value. To a standard 13 horsepower direct heating equipment (PASHW130SB-2-C), for example, its standard brick net weight of 310KG.
Look at the service
This point is also the most important point, the big brand of professional manufacturers of the three packages of the policy of the 6.5 years all free of charge repair, and cottage factories because of the quality of the product and other reasons only dare to warranty for 2 years. And the warranty and repair or have the essence of but other, everyone Baidu the difference between the two! Remember. Domestic multi-functional water heater is usually more than 10 years of service life, does not contain easy to consume the heating element, generally do not need to replace the element, normal use without intentional maintenance.
Installation of the time to pay attention to do a good job related to protection, to avoid heavy rain and strong sunlight can be Preface
In the status of the kitchen and bathroom with the hall room is not comparable to the status of today's kitchen and bathroom appliances a wide variety of promoters in the stores often exaggerate their own products, saying that their products are how good, the consumer do not believe the promoter's words, you must take into account the family fully before buying! Before you buy, you must fully consider the family situation, and then buy because of the house. When you want to buy a water heater, you may have encountered such a problem, a wide variety of brands and types of water heaters to confuse you. If you buy a gas water heater, you are worried about gas leakage; if you buy an electric water heater, you are worried about electrocution; if you buy a solar water heater, it seems to be safer, but the installation may be troublesome; and if the air-source water heater is a new product, you don't know about it in some aspects. Water heaters on the market price is less than a few hundred dollars, more than thousands of dollars, really makes many consumers hesitate. In fact, the four kinds of water heaters have their own advantages and disadvantages, consumers should buy according to their own actual situation to choose.
Solar water heater after-sales
As most of China's maritime climate, windy, humid, corrosive, consumers should take into account when purchasing solar energy lighting angle and the use of materials must be suitable for local sunshine and climate characteristics. Product after-sales service is very important: because the solar energy to be placed on the roof, the wind and rain for many years, if the manufacturer can not be overhauled on time, it will cause great losses.
Gas water heater installation
The flue gas water heater, the requirements of the distribution company must be equipped with the sale of exhaust flue, to ensure that the whole machine is complete, to avoid accidents. The installation of gas appliances, modification must be professionally trained and qualified by the competent authorities to review the qualifications of the unit personnel.
Electric water heater is selected by the liner
Electric water heater to determine the life of the liner, the liner leakage, the machine is scrapped, so the manufacturers have liner package 3 years, 5 years or 8 years (the national regulations on the service life of electrical appliances on 8 years). As long as the purchase of after-sales warranty manufacturers of products (large manufacturers), no matter what brand, as long as the liner to give you a few years. The same warranty, than to compare the significance of what? Directly compared to the price is not enough?
Titanium liner series: the mainstream of the electric water heater market series, it is a titanium-containing metal made of this liner, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, stable performance, horizontal, vertical options. Crystalline silicon liner series: this liner in the steel plate based on the latest technology, the silicide by 900 ℃ high temperature baking so that it is attached to the inner and outer walls of the liner, can make the water and the liner to isolate, to avoid direct contact between the water and the steel plate, with the advantages of non-rust, high strength. Stainless steel liner series: this liner is made of steel plate containing titanium metal, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, stable performance, after weld treatment, the liner is not easy to corrode. And inferior stainless steel liner is the biggest safety hazard is the welded seam at the material is prone to change, the liner is easy to corrode. Enameled liner: enamel on the surface of the liner is a non-metallic material, neither rust, nor scale, has a strong pressure resistance. High porcelain enameled steel liner is the highest level of enameled liner, not only good corrosion resistance, there is a certain thermal insulation effect, can be used for a long time.
Air source water heater purchase
1, look at the price: Guangdong produced air source water heater 100L factory price of 2600 yuan - 2900 yuan, the market price of 3800 yuan - 4500 yuan or so; other places in the air source water heater 100L factory price of 3000 yuan - 3300 yuan, the market price of 4200 yuan - 5000 yuan The market price is about 4,200-5,000 yuan; below or above the above price is not normal.
2, look at the configuration: the compressor is imported, Japan's best; whether the connection pipe is copper. If there is a domestic air source water heater said to be equipped with heating rods and booster pump, this machine tank no copper pipe or was changed to aluminum pipe, is a bad product;
3, look at the number of people: commercial housing 150 square meters or so, the family 1-3 people, you can buy a 100L one, the family 2-4 people can buy a 150L one, if there is a tray bath must be to buy a 150L The above.
After understanding the above, consumers can choose the most suitable product for their own situation. However, from the current situation in the western developed countries, electric water heaters to replace gas water heaters is the general development trend, which can not fail to attract people's attention. In fact, the water heater this product are domestically produced, all manufacturers equipment is imported From the performance, occupancy space, ease of use, comprehensive use of fees, health use, use of security and other aspects of comparison of various types of water heaters:
Solar water heater
Advantages
Solar water heater belongs to the third generation of water heaters, and its energy-saving concept has been widely recognized, not only Energy efficient and money saving, but also does not cause pollution to the environment when in use. In addition, solar water heaters have a long service life of up to 10 years. Solar water heaters can be used wherever the sun shines.
Disadvantages
Solar water heater price is high, the initial investment is large; affected by the weather, generally in the rainy days will have to use auxiliary electric heating device, such as Wuhan City, there are more than 100 days a year is cloudy and rainy weather; the requirements for the location of the installation is also very strict. In the city generally only live in the top floor or have a villa people may install.
Air-source heat pump water heater
Heat pump water heater has been popularized and applied in foreign countries for more than 30 years, and the proportion used in developed countries is as high as 70% in some cases. In developed countries in Europe and the United States, the proportion of cold and hot water use is 1:9 (China is 9:1), Europe and the United States, cold water is only for drinking or flushing toilets, car washing, but in other areas are using hot water. The market share of household centralized water heaters in Europe and America is over 90%, (less than 3% in China). Over the years, the Chinese people's demand for hot water has grown exponentially, in the commercial heat pump water heater to replace coal-fired boilers and oil-fired boilers have obvious advantages, the general energy-saving benefits of a year to recover the investment, such as Wuhan has more than 200 hotels, hotels, universities have used the heat pump water heater unit, which is the reason why the domestic sales of heat pump water heaters tripled each year.
Domestic heat pump water heater due to the lack of home appliance malls, promotion is not enough, the market share is not large, according to experts predicted that when the price of electricity to 1 yuan / degree, the country from the energy-saving point of view is likely to be forced to phase out the electric water heater, as is the case with the restriction of the use of coal-fired boilers.
Advantages
Energy efficient: heat pump water heater from the air to obtain a large amount of thermal energy, the production of an equivalent amount of hot water, its electricity consumption is 28% of the traditional electric water heater, can save a lot of money for the user's electricity bill.
Safety and reliability: heat pump water heaters do not use electricity to heat directly, the current and shower water is completely isolated, is today's most safe and reliable hot water supply equipment.
All-weather use: the heat pump water heater is not affected by cloudy, rainy, snowy and other bad weather, 24 hours a day all-weather use.
Long-term durability: heat pump water heater for commercial grade products, high security, compressor with undervoltage protection, overcurrent, overheating protection, high and low pressure protection, the compressor can be a long period of time in the heating conditions, the life of the machine up to more than ten years.
Disadvantages
Higher one-time investment: Although its investment is the most valuable when viewed from four years later, people prefer to spend less money initially.
Low efficiency in cold regions: heat pump water heaters can only realize heat production in climates above -10℃, which is not suitable for northern regions, but only for southern regions such as South China, Central China, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
Instantaneous electric water heater
Advantages
With the ability to turn on the heat, saving time and electricity, energy saving and environmental protection, compact size, constant water temperature and many other advantages.
Disadvantages
Power is relatively large, the line requirements are high: the general power requirements at least 6KW or more, in the winter is 8KW power is also difficult to ensure that there is a sufficient amount of hot water for bathing. Power line requirements at least 2.5mm2 above, some require more than 5mm2.
Installation conditions require high: requires the installation of the inlet pressure can not be too large, the user's home meter for 20A, the air switch for 32A, generally require independent lines, and even require at least 40A special meter, plus the general residents of the home refrigerator, air conditioning, and other high-powered household appliances, it is necessary to be at least 80A meter, and also a separate line. 4,000 yuan more 5,000 yuan most 3,000 yuan medium Use life 5 years 5 years 10 years 12 years 8 years Annual use cost 1030 yuan most 400 yuan less 320 yuan less 260 yuan least 857 yuan second most Use safety Hidden danger Hidden danger Safer safest Strong safety design Note: The use of the cost is calculated according to the 100L per day, 250 days a year, the electricity is 0.7 yuan/kWh, gas is 2.4 yuan/cubic meter, the gas is 2.4 yuan/cubic meter. 2.4 yuan / cubic meter.