Such data is undoubtedly exciting. In the short span of 60 years, China's pharmaceutical industry has experienced the development from small to large. Today China is striving to move from a big pharmaceutical country to a strong pharmaceutical country.
Review of the development of China's pharmaceutical industry in the past 60 years, nearly eighty years, China Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry Association, the former senior adviser, known as China's pharmaceutical industry, "living dictionary" of Yu Guanwen very emotional. In his view, China's pharmaceutical industry, especially the development of the chemical pharmaceutical industry, can be divided into two 30 years before and after, that is, "the first 30 years, hard work to lay the foundation; 30 years after the reform and opening up of the development.
Hard struggle to lay the foundation
"New China was founded when China's chemical and pharmaceutical industry is based on a very weak, mainly raw materials and drugs are simply processed into preparations, plant and equipment is simple, few varieties, less production." Yu Guanwen said, "New China is in a state of shortage of medicine."
Yu Guanwen gave the reporter this data: in 1950, China could only produce a few dozen tons of APIs.
"In the first 30 years, China's pharmaceutical industry, especially the chemical industry, is still mainly based on self-reliance, supplemented by foreign aid." Yu Guanwen said.
The outline of China's first five-year plan stipulated that the pharmaceutical industry should focus on the development of APIs. Yu Guanwen believes that this was very necessary at the time. The development of APIs is inseparable from the chemical industrial base, and at that time China's chemical industrial base is also very weak, few varieties of chemical raw materials, pharmaceutical production can not wait, some of the chemical raw materials can only be produced by their own. North China Pharmaceutical Plant is the "First Five" period of the former Soviet Union to build China's 156 key projects in two. For the Chinese medicine supporting the glass plant by the GDR to provide design and major equipment. The North China Pharmaceutical Plant was completed and put into operation to end the history of China's penicillin and streptomycin completely dependent on imports.
Jin Tongzhen, deputy director of the former State Administration of Medicine, summarized the development of China's pharmaceutical industry in the first 30 years: three years of recovery, the "First Five-Year Plan" and the trial run of the trusteeship period, the industry's face is changing rapidly, antibiotics, sulfonamides, antipyretic, anti-tuberculosis, endemic drugs, from scratch, from small to large, rapid development, to help prevent and treat serious health hazards to the people at that time, and to help prevent and treat serious diseases. During this period, the industry made significant contributions to the prevention and treatment of infectious and endemic diseases that seriously jeopardized people's health, and to the support of the fight against the U.S.A.R. and North Korea. During the three years of "Great Leap Forward" and the turmoil of "Ten Years of Cultural Revolution", the pharmaceutical industry was subjected to "leftist" interference, and there was a chaotic situation of indiscriminate operation of pharmaceutical factories and indiscriminate production of medicines, but with the efforts of the leadership of the Party and the government and the majority of cadres and workers, the pharmaceutical industry has been able to develop rapidly. However, under the leadership of the Party and the government and the efforts of the majority of cadres and workers, new progress has been made in improving the production process of raw materials, improving the level of mechanization of the production of preparations, the development of oral contraceptives, cardiovascular drugs, chronic bronchial diseases in the elderly, antitumor drugs.
"In the first 30 years, through the expansion, reconstruction and new construction of pharmaceutical enterprises in the coastal areas, as well as the strengthening of the construction of the hinterland since the 1960s (then called the 'third-line' construction and the 'small third-line' construction), the The layout of the pharmaceutical industry was more rationalized, and remote provinces and regions also had pharmaceutical factories." Yu Guanwen pointed out, "At that time, in addition to the two pharmaceutical industry research institutes in Beijing and Shanghai, more than 10 provincial and municipal pharmaceutical industry research institutes were established, and new factories and pharmaceutical glass factories were built and expanded. Drug varieties increased, production expanded, management was strengthened, better support, the pharmaceutical industry has a certain foundation."
On the basis of scientific and technological progress, production expansion, and a significant drop in production costs, a situation we now take for granted appeared -- from 1959 to 1979, the state lowered the price of medicines seven times to reduce the burden of the state, enterprises and individuals in purchasing medicines.In 1976, the Tangshan earthquake, the first plane to fly to Tangshan, the first plane was the Shanghai pharmaceutical procurement supply point delivery of drugs and medical equipment, the pharmaceutical companies work overtime to produce disaster relief products to meet the needs of disaster relief.
After the founding of New China, China's pharmaceutical industry has gone through three stages of development:
◆ Stage I:
During the First Five-Year Plan period, the focus was on the development of raw materials, antimicrobials, and special drugs for common and endemic diseases, which showed the embryonic form of China's pharmaceutical industry;
◆ Stage II:
The second stage was the development of the pharmaceutical industry in China, which was the first stage of China's pharmaceutical industry. The second stage:
"Trust" stage, under the planned economic system, the pharmaceutical "trust" through the integration of production, supply and marketing, alleviated the lack of medicine due to the uneven development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry at that time, and accelerated the pace of scientific and technological progress. The third stage:
After the reform and opening up in 1978, the pharmaceutical industry moved from the planned economy to the market economy.
Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, the Party and the State have formulated a series of correct guidelines and policies to promote the progress of the industry, creating a favorable environment for the development of the pharmaceutical economy, and the rules and regulations for drug supervision have become more and more standardized and perfect, which has led to the unprecedented development of the pharmaceutical industry in China.
According to statistics, at present, China can produce 1,500 kinds of raw materials, and a number of drug varieties ranked first in the world, such as penicillin, vitamin C and so on. A number of botanical and natural medicines, such as anti-infective safranin, anti-tumor colchicine, etc., have been produced in large quantities in China and are widely used. Antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, amino acids, alkaloids and other products occupy a considerable share and position in the international pharmaceutical market. Artemisinin products produced in China are widely used internationally and have made important contributions to the fight against malaria. China can produce 41 kinds of vaccines to prevent 26 kinds of viral and germ infections, with an annual output of more than 1 billion dosage units, of which the output of vaccines for the prevention of common infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis B, polio, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, etc., has amounted to 500 million dosage units. While meeting the needs of the domestic population for disease prevention, domestically produced vaccines have begun to be supplied to the World Health Organization for use in disease prevention in other countries. In terms of medical devices, China can produce more than 3,000 varieties, of which, digital X-ray machines, magnetic **** vibration, ultrasound, CT and other diagnostic and therapeutic products with high technological content have occupied a certain share in the market. The total output value of China's pharmaceutical industry has risen from 137.1 billion yuan in 1998 to 667.9 billion yuan in 2007.
Pharmaceutical industry growth rate has been higher than GDP
In fact, China's pharmaceutical industry growth rate has been higher than the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP). The total output value of the pharmaceutical industry increased from 7.9 billion yuan in 1978 to 667.9 billion yuan in 2007, a turnover of 84.5 times in 30 years; the pharmaceutical industry accounted for the proportion of GDP rose from 2.17% in 1978 to 2.71% in 2007. Reform and opening up the first decade, the pharmaceutical industry average annual growth rate of 14.4%, higher than the average annual growth rate of 9.7% of the GDP over the same period; the second decade, the average annual growth rate of GDP increased to 9.9%, while the pharmaceutical industry average annual growth rate of as high as 21.4%; in the past ten years, the pharmaceutical industry, although the growth rate of the industry has declined, but it is still higher than the average annual growth rate of the GDP nearly doubled the level of the average annual growth rate of 18.8%.
In the process of transition to a market economy, the state-owned pharmaceutical enterprises quickly to the modern enterprise system, the establishment of a new variety of types of limited liability companies and joint-stock companies. According to relevant information, in 1985, China's pharmaceutical industry enterprises for 1829, in 2007 developed to 5979. 1995, China's pharmaceutical joint-stock enterprises amounted to 148, the output value of 11.88 billion yuan, accounting for 12.4% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year; "three-funded" enterprises, 395, with a total output value of 15.47 billion yuan, accounting for 12.4% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry; "three-funded" enterprises. In 1997, the number of pharmaceutical joint-stock enterprises increased to 342, the total output value increased to 19.3 billion yuan, accounting for 15.7% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year, an increase of 3.2% over 1995; "three-funded" enterprises 626, the total output value of 29.12 billion yuan, accounting for 3.2% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry in that year. 29.12 billion yuan, accounting for 23.6% of the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry, an increase of 7.4 percentage points over 1995. Relevant information shows that in 1985 China's pharmaceutical production industry appeared non-publicly owned economy, accounting for only 0.02% of the proportion of that year. With the deepening of the economic system reform, non-publicly owned economy accounted for an increasing proportion of China's pharmaceutical industry, to 2006, the proportion of up to 91.56%, becoming China's pharmaceutical industry, the rapid development of the vital force.
Gradual increase in industrial concentration
Since 2004, due to the full implementation of the GMP certification of medicines, the survival of the fittest in the industry, industrial concentration has been greatly improved, thus enhancing the competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical enterprises in the international market.
China's pharmaceutical market development to a small number of large enterprises to concentrate the trend is becoming more and more obvious, vitamins, penicillin industrial salts and other parts of the product has initially realized the oligopoly situation. In the country's 51 large-scale enterprise groups, pharmaceutical enterprise groups accounted for 15. 1997, the output value of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises accounted for 50.5% of the output value of all pharmaceutical industry, medium-sized enterprises accounted for 26% of the output value of all pharmaceutical industry. Scale, standardization of the mainstream enterprise group competitive advantage gradually appeared, to 2007, China's pharmaceutical industry, the top 10 market concentration has reached 13.14%, is the overall industrial concentration to enhance the most obvious a group. 2007 top 100 pharmaceutical enterprises in the sales revenue size of the majority of the concentration of 1 billion to 2 billion yuan between the top 100 list of the pharmaceutical industry corresponds to account for about 30 to 72 places! , the number of 13 more than in 2006. The rapid rise of medium-sized enterprises, to China's pharmaceutical industry has injected more new force, showing a greater potential for development, the scale effect of pharmaceutical enterprises began to appear.
In terms of APIs, the rising cost of environmental protection led to the entry threshold for the production of APIs; in terms of preparations, the gradual standardization of the market will enable small businesses to increase operating costs, the advantages of large-scale enterprises; in the distribution of pharmaceuticals, the low profit margins of the wholesale sector, making the scale effect is invaluable; in the retail sector, the strength of the enterprise will also be the start of the expansion of mergers and acquisitions. From the perspective of the entire industrial chain, each level has led to an increase in concentration of driving factors, the trend of increasing concentration in the pharmaceutical industry is unstoppable.