I. Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the State Council's Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters (Decree No. 394 of the State Council), the National Emergency Response Plan for Emergency Geological Disasters (State Office Letter [2005] No. 37) and the "Procedures for Rapid Disposal of Geological Disasters and Dangerous Situations of the Ministry of Land and Resources Procedures for Rapid Disposal of Geological Disasters and Dangerous Situations of the Ministry of Land and Resources" (《国土资厅发 〔2005〕 No. 88), and in accordance with the requirements of the "Regulations on Geological Environmental Protection of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region", the prevention and control of geological disasters have been intensified, and the system of group measurement and prevention of geological disasters has been further improved.
(I) Overview of Geological Disasters
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, 457 geological disasters occurred in the region, of which 345 were landslides, accounting for 75.5% of the total number of disasters, and 76 were mudslides, accounting for 16.6% of the total number of disasters. Fifty-four people died as a result of the disasters, of which 45 were killed by landslides, accounting for 83.3% of the total number of deaths, and 5 were killed by mudslides, accounting for 9.3% of the total number of deaths caused by the disasters. The economic losses caused by the disaster amounted to 153 million yuan, of which 111 million yuan was caused by landslides, accounting for 72.57% of the total economic losses caused by the disaster, and 39.9154 million yuan was caused by mudslides, accounting for 26.04% of the total economic losses caused by the disaster. See Table 5-1 and Figure 5-1.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the most hazardous area of geologic disasters was Yili Prefecture, where 365 disasters occurred, accounting for 79.9% of the total number of disasters; 47 deaths were caused by disasters, accounting for 87.0% of the total number of deaths caused by disasters; and the economic loss was 111 million yuan, accounting for 72.3% of the economic loss caused by disasters. The economic losses amounted to 111 million yuan, accounting for 72.3% of the total economic losses caused by disasters. See Table 5-2.
(2) Deployment, Inspection and Emergency Investigation of Geological Disaster Prevention and Control
Aiming at the characteristics of the development and distribution of geological hazards in Xinjiang, at the beginning of each year, a notice is issued or a video and telephone conference is held to make advance deployment of the prevention and control of geologic hazards and to prepare an annual program of prevention and control of geologic hazards of the autonomous region in a timely manner, which is reported to the People's Government of the autonomous region for transmission to the localities to carry out. (c) Guiding the prevention and control of geologic disasters throughout the region. It carries out pre-flood and flood season inspections, establishes and improves the group monitoring and prevention network, pays close attention to local meteorological changes, strengthens the monitoring and forecasting of disaster and hidden danger spots, and improves the monitoring and early-warning capacity of geologic hazards. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, **** formed 15 working groups for inspection and checking of geologic hazards prevention and control work, and 19 working groups for emergency investigation, with a total of 135 person-times, a duration of 141 days, and a travel of 49,800 kilometers, and submitted 12 reports on the inspection work and 6 reports on the emergency investigation. At the same time, the problems found during the inspection were promptly notified to the local government, which raised the local government's attention to the prevention and control of geologic hazards. It actively carried out emergency investigations for the discovered major hidden geological disasters and geological disasters causing casualties, assisted the local government to carry out disaster relief work, and put forward specific work proposals on disaster prevention and mitigation for the sections that need to be focused on prevention and control in the next step, playing the role of the administrative department of land and resources taking the initiative to serve the government.
Table 5-1 List of Geological Disasters in the Autonomous Region during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period
Figure 5-1 Map of Losses Caused by Geological Disasters in the Autonomous Region during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period
Table 5-2 List of Geological Hazards Occurring in Various Regions during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period
(3) Planning for Prevention and Control of Geological Hazards, Geological Hazard Investigation and Zoning, and Exploration
Through the conscientious implementation of the "Planning for Prevention and Control of Geological Hazards in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region," the occurrence of geologic hazards will be avoided and minimized to the maximum extent possible, and the extremely hazardous sudden geologic disasters will be effectively managed. extremely hazardous sudden geologic disaster potential sites, and further curbing and improving the deteriorating geologic environment conditions in the region caused by man-made and natural factors.
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 6.5 million yuan was invested in the survey and zoning of geologic hazards in 33 counties (cities), such as Xinyuan County, the investigation and disposal of emergency geologic hazards in the Yili region, and the survey of geologic hazards in the ground subsidence in the Lama Zhao coal mine area in Emin County, as well as the investigation of geologic hazards in Xinyuan and Gongliu counties (Attachment 16). Assessment and other geologic disaster surveys (Exhibit 16). The implementation of these basic tasks has popularized the knowledge of prevention and control of geological disasters, promoted the establishment of a monitoring system for group measurement and prevention of geological disasters, improved the early-warning capability of geological disasters, avoided a large number of casualties and economic losses, and significantly improved the level of disaster prevention and mitigation in the region.
(4) Strengthening departmental cooperation and carrying out geological disaster forecasting and early warning
In order to promote the socialization of disaster prevention and mitigation, we cooperated with the Department of Transportation of the Autonomous Region, the Department of Construction, the Administration of Safety Production Supervision, the Tourism Bureau, and the Autonomous Region's Flood Control Office to set up a joint inspection working group, clarifying the main responsibilities of each department in the prevention and control of geologic hazards and conducting comprehensive inspections of geologic hazard prevention and control work across the region, which strongly contributed to the development of the regional geologic disaster prevention and control system. The work has been comprehensively inspected, and the prevention and control of geological disasters in populated areas, transportation routes, tourist scenic spots, key construction project areas and large river basins have been vigorously promoted.
Through cooperation with the meteorological bureau of the autonomous region, the meteorological forecasting program for geological disasters during the flood season, procedures, etc. were determined, and after the trial operation in 2003, the meteorological forecasting and warning of geological disasters during the flood season of the autonomous region was formally carried out from April 5, 2004, and 362 pieces of meteorological forecasting and warning information on geological disasters during the flood season of 2004 to 2005 were issued **** counted.
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, 138 geologic disasters were successfully forecasted, avoiding possible casualties of more than 4,400 people and possible economic losses of nearly 42 million yuan. Among them, in 2002, 96 landslides and mudslides were successfully forecasted in Yili Prefecture, avoiding the possible casualties of more than 3,800 people and the possible economic losses of nearly 27.64 million yuan.
(E) Qualification Management of Geological Hazard Danger Assessment and Geological Hazard Management Project
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the system of approving and filing of geologic hazard assessment reports for construction sites was strictly implemented to ensure timely approval of construction sites in the region and land use safety in construction projects. 2001 to 2005, the geologic hazard assessment reports were completed and filed in Yili Prefecture. From 2001 to 2005, 132 evaluation and filing of geological disaster risk assessment reports were completed, of which 81 were evaluated and 51 were filed.
In order to implement the Regulations on Prevention and Control of Geological Hazards and Orders No. 29, No. 30 and No. 31 of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and to ensure the quality of geologic hazard risk assessment and geologic hazard prevention and control project investigation, design, construction and supervision, the qualification management of various types of qualifications has been strengthened. By the end of 2005, there were 4 Class A qualified units for geologic hazard risk assessment, 4 Class A qualified units for geologic hazard prevention and control engineering survey, 1 Class A qualified unit for construction, and 1 Class A qualified unit for supervision in the whole region. See Table 5-3.
Table 5-3 List of Grade A Qualified Units for Geological Hazard Danger Assessment, Geological Hazard Prevention and Control Engineering Investigation, Treatment, Construction and Supervision in Xinjiang
II. Geological Environmental Protection in Mines
(1) Mining Enterprises Attaching Importance to the Protection of the Environment of the Geological Environment in Mines
According to the Requirements of the Regulations for the Protection of the Environment of the Geological Environment in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region By the end of 2005, 423 mining enterprises had prepared mine geological environmental protection programs as required. Since the implementation of this system, the awareness of mining enterprises of mining geological environmental protection has been gradually enhanced, and mining rights holders of newly built mines have all been able to prepare mining geological environmental protection programs according to the requirements, and actively take relevant preventive and control measures according to the requirements of the programs, and have achieved better results. Among them, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Branch has been increasing the management of mine environment year by year, planting trees in the mining area, which not only green the working area, but also beautify the living environment. Yining Axi Gold Mine has invested more than 1 million yuan in recent years for the construction of mine sewage and tailings treatment facilities; Fuyun County Karatunk copper-nickel mine has invested a cumulative total of 1.12 million yuan in planting trees in the abandoned mine area, with a greening area of more than 20,000 square meters.
(2) Mining geological environment restoration and governance
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the State arranged 10 mining geological environment governance projects in the autonomous region using the royalties and fees for prospecting rights and mining rights, with a cumulative total of 20.7 million yuan (Exhibit 17). Through the implementation of mine environmental management projects, eliminating the threat of geological disasters to people's lives and property safety, so that the ecological environment of mines has been significantly improved; the overburdened mineral resources can be effectively utilized to ensure the normal production of mines, and increase the use of land, and has achieved good economic, social and environmental benefits.
In order to standardize the management of mining geological environment management projects, and the autonomous region's Department of Finance jointly issued the "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region mining geological environment management project management approach (for trial implementation)", set up a leading group of mining geological environment management project management, the state-funded mining geological environment management projects to implement the bidding method to determine the undertaking unit, and to hire experts from inside and outside of the region in the areas of water conservancy, disaster prevention and control to supervise the quality of the project, and to ensure the quality of the project. Experts in water conservancy, disaster prevention and control from within and outside the region are hired to supervise and inspect the quality of the projects.
(3) basic investigation of mining geological environment
In 2004-2005, in order to find out the situation of mining geological environment in the region, the implementation of the autonomous region's mining geological environment investigation and assessment project, the project funds 1.3 million yuan. Through the implementation of the project, the current situation of the mining geological environment and the impact of mining development on the ecological environment in the whole region have been basically clarified, and the main environmental and geological problems and their potential hazards have been identified. It provides basic information and decision-making support for the rational development of mineral resources, the protection of the mining geological environment, the environmental management of mines, the restoration and reconstruction of mining ecosystems, and the implementation of the supervision of the mining geological environment.
(4) Preparation of Mine Environmental Protection and Governance Planning
According to the "Notice on the Preparation of Provincial-level Mine Environmental Protection and Governance Planning" (No. 119 of Land and Resource Development [2005]) and the "Guidelines for the Preparation of Provincial-level Mine Environmental Protection and Governance Planning", and taking into account the actual situation in the Autonomous Region, it carried out the preparation of the "Mine Environmental Protection and Governance Planning". The
Three, geological relics protection
(I) Geopark declaration
In order to increase the development and protection of geological relics resources in Xinjiang, since 2003, it has focused on the investigation of three geological relics of Qitai Silicified Wood - Dinosaur, Kanas and Coco Tohai, as well as the preliminary investigation of declaration of the National Geopark. The Ministry of Land and Resources has approved the Xinjiang Qitai Silicified Wood-Dinosaur National Geopark, Xinjiang Kanas National Geopark, and Xinjiang Coco Tohai National Geopark.
(2) Protection of geological relics
(1) In response to the serious problem of theft and destruction of silica wood in the region, in 2004, the Public Security Department, the Department of Transportation, the Bureau of Technical Supervision, the Bureau of Industry and Commerce, the Bureau of Forestry, and the Department of Land and Resources of the Autonomous Region formed a joint investigation team to carry out a special investigation on the protection of silica wood in Shanshan County, Hami City, Qitai County, and Urumqi City, the place of origin of the siliconized wood and the market of its sale. Activities, and formed a research report to the regional people's government, according to which the regional people's government approved the establishment of the autonomous region to protect the work of the Office of the Silica Wood.
(2) In order to find out the geological heritage resources of the whole region, in 2004, the survey of tourism geological heritage resources in Xinjiang was carried out, and 167 tourism geological heritage sites were investigated, of which 12 were at the world level, 50 were at the national level, 69 at the provincial level, and 36 were at the county level, and the preliminary establishment of the classification plan of tourism geological heritage resources in Xinjiang provided basic information for the enhancement of the brand of tourism geological heritage resources in the autonomous region and the development of the tourism industry. It has provided basic information for enhancing the brand of tourism geological heritage resources and the development of tourism industry in the autonomous region.
(3) From 2003 to 2004, the state used the royalties and price of prospecting and mining rights to arrange the geological relics protection project of Coco Tohai pegmatite deposits, and the national geological relics protection project of Kanas in Burqin County, with a cumulative fund of 3.5 million yuan, through which very precious geological relics resources have been protected, and the geological relics resources are rationally exploited and utilized based on their effective protection, so that the infrastructure is constantly improved. Through the implementation of the project, very precious geological heritage resources have been protected, and on the basis of effective protection, geological heritage resources have been rationally developed and utilized, so that the infrastructure has been continuously improved, the standard of service functions has been continuously raised, and a perfect protection, monitoring and operation mechanism has been established.
Four, Geological Environment Monitoring and Investigation
(1) Geological Environment Monitoring
As of the end of 2005, there were seven geological environment monitoring stations in the region, namely, Urumqi, Turpan, Changji-Shihezi, Kuitun-Usu, Korla, Ili and Kashgar. Among them, Urumqi and Turpan Geological and Environmental Monitoring Stations are directly under the management of Xinjiang Geological and Environmental Monitoring Institute; Changji-Shihezi, Kuitun-Usu, Korla and Kashgar Geological and Environmental Monitoring Stations are under the management of the Second Hydrological and Engineering Geological Team, the Seventh Geological Team and the Third Geological Team of Xinjiang Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau respectively.
By the end of 2005, the groundwater dynamic monitoring network in Xinjiang had been optimized and adjusted, and there were 568 groundwater monitoring points of various types, including 402 water level monitoring points, 155 water quality monitoring points, 11 flow monitoring points, 245 kilometers of controlling monitoring routes, and a controlling monitoring area of 13.1 million square kilometers. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period,**** completed 18,800 times of groundwater level monitoring, 742 groups of water quality monitoring, 534 groups of water quantity monitoring, submitted 30 water notices, 45 water forecasts, 30 annual reports, and 7 reports on 5-year phase groundwater dynamic monitoring.
(2) Digitization of Geo-Environmental Work Results
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the construction of the 1:200,000 hydrogeological map spatial database of 114 standard maps and the construction of the 1:50,000 comprehensive spatial database of water, engineering, environment and geology of key cities and economic development zones were completed, accumulating rich digital information for geo-environmental management. Management has accumulated rich digital information and formed a batch of accurate and rapidly available visualization results.
(3) Actively carrying out international cooperation projects
In 2003, the project of "Capacity Building of Groundwater Information Center in Urumqi River Basin under China-Netherlands International Cooperation" was launched, which is one of the three demonstration zones in Beijing, Jinan and Urumqi under the general project of capacity building of China's groundwater information center. This project is one of the sub-projects. Based on the digitization of basic data, the project has initially established a groundwater model and groundwater information system in Urumqi, which will provide technical support for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in Urumqi.
(4) Carrying out the 1:500,000 Environmental Geological Survey of the Autonomous Region
From 2001 to 2004, the 1:500,000 Environmental Geological Survey of the whole region was carried out, and the conditions of the geological environment of Xinjiang were identified in a general way, with the emphasis on investigating the interactions and influences of human engineering and economic activities on the geological environment, and the preliminary investigation of the various kinds of major geological problems encountered and induced by the natural environment was carried out. It has initially identified the development characteristics, distribution patterns and causes of various major geological disasters, special adverse geological and environmental conditions and environmental geological problems encountered and induced by the natural environment, made predictions on the current situation and development trend, and put forward proposals on preventive and control measures or adaptive countermeasures.
V. Mineral water resources management
In 1998, Xinjiang completed the survey of natural mineral water resources for drinking and development and utilization of economic and technical evaluation of mineral water resources in Xinjiang, for the first time, the region's mineral water resources carried out a more systematic investigation and research for the survey of mineral water resources, development planning and management of mineral water resources to provide a scientific basis. As of the end of 2005, there were 49 mineral water sources in the whole region appraised and appraised by the survey. Among them, 5 have been technically appraised at the national level, and the permitted mining capacity of C+B level was approved to be 25.23 million cubic meters/year; 15 mineral water sources are to be surveyed, and the estimated resource capacity is 3.3 million cubic meters/year. Since 1992, Tashkurgan County, first Boba mineral water production, 1996 Xinjiang mineral water production reached a peak period, built 43 factories, annual output of more than 20,000 tons, the output value of more than 40 million yuan. Due to the small scale of production, market competition ability is poor, the production enterprise business difficulties, at present basically no mineral water production enterprise, mineral water exploration and development is currently in a low state.
Six, geothermal resources management
As of the end of 2005, through a preliminary survey, the area has geothermal hot springs (wells) outcrops of 84, mainly concentrated in the southern slopes of Altai Mountains, the western section of the Tianshan Mountains and the northern slopes of the West Kunlun the vast area, the rest of the region only sporadic distribution. According to the temperature: warm water (25℃≤t＜40℃) 22, warm water 28 (40℃≤t＜60℃), hot water (60℃≤t＜91℃), medium temperature geothermal resources (91℃≤t＜150℃) 2, high temperature geothermal resources (t≥150℃) 1. Except for Urumqi Shumogou Hot Springs, Bole Tashai area, Tashkurgan County, and Hot Springs County, which have carried out geothermal surveys, the degree of research on geothermal resources is very low, and it is still at the level of the regional thermal and mineral water surveys that were completed in the mid-1980s, and the reserves of their geothermal resources are not clear. The utilization of geothermal resources is also limited to primary development, with 11 sanatoriums or hospitals built, mainly for bathing and simple medical treatment.