During World War II, IBM produced the M1 carbine and the Browning automatic rifle.
The Allies used IBM equipment extensively for military computing, logistics, and other munitions.
IBM perforated card machines were used extensively for calculations at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project's development of the atomic warhead; this has been discussed in particular by Richard Feynman in his bestselling book Stop, Mr. Feynman! specifically discussed.
IBM also built the Harvard Mark I for the Navy during the war, the first large-scale automated digital computer in the United States.
In 1944 IBM began working with Harvard to make the tube computers MARK-1 and MARK-2, followed by the tube-relay hybrid mainframe computer SSEC.
In the 1950s, IBM became the prime contractor for the development of computers for the U.S. Air Force's automated defense system, embarking on a reproduction of the anti-aircraft artillery system, IBM was exposed to critical research at MIT; the first effective algebraic computer language, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion techniques, digital data transmission over telephone lines, duplexing, multiprocessing, networking).
IBM built 56 intelligent computers that sold for more than $10,000 each, and at peak engineering devoted more than 7,000 employees (20% of the total workforce) to the project.
IBM neglected to fight for a more dominant emerging industry to enable the RAND Corporation to take over designing new computers because, according to one project participant (Robert Craig), "We can't imagine that work in this area will disappear later, and where do we absorb the 2,000 programmers to do this work at IBM.
"IBM will use its vast design experience to synthesize real-time Web design with the launch of the Wise Air reservation system with great success.
After the advent of the transistor computer, IBM developed a small data processing computer, IBM1401, using transistor lines, magnetic core memory, printed lines of these advanced technologies, making the mainframe greatly reduced in size, electronic data processing computers completely replaced the card analyzer.
Subsequently, IBM launched different models of computers in just four or five years, a **** sales of more than 14,000 units, but also established IBM's leading position in the computer industry.
In the 1960s IBM was the largest of the eight major computer companies (UNIVAC, Metropolitan Life, Scientific Data Systems, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Radio Corporation of America, Honeywell).
People talk about it as "IBM and the seven stars" because the other companies or their computer divisions were smaller.
Only Urban Life, UNIVAC, NCR, and Honeywell made mainframes, and then someone would say "IBM and B.U.N.C.H." Most of IBM's competitors are long gone today, except for Univac, because of the many mergers that included UNIVAC and Honeywell. UNIVAC and Urban Life.
NCR, Honeywell abandoned the general mainframe and small divisions and focused on profitable product markets, NCR made cash registers (hence the name National Cash Register), Honeywell became the dominant thermostat in the market.
General Electric was still the largest company in the world, but no longer operated in the computer market.
At that time, the IBM line of computers won a place in the market, which is still growing today.
Originally known as the IBM System/360, the more modern 64-bit form is now known as the resident IBM system (often referred to as the "IBM mainframe").
With the advent of semiconductor integrated circuits, IBM was actively involved in the production of third-generation integrated circuit computers.
In 1964, IBM introduced the groundbreaking System/360 mainframe computer, which ushered in the era of the mainframe.
The introduction of the System/360 meant that the world's computers had a ****same language, and they all ****ed the operating system code-named OS/360 (rather than a customized OS for each product).
Since then, it has become a major worldwide trend to benchmark almost all computer development against the IBM 360 family of systems.
IBM's success in the mid-1960s led the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate IBM for antitrust violations, and on January 17, 1969.
Charges were filed in the case of U.S. IBM in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.
The lawsuit alleges that IBM violated Section 2 of the Sherman Act by monopolizing or attempting to monopolize the market for general-purpose digital electronic computer systems, particularly commercially designed computers.
The lawsuit continued until 1983 and had a significant impact on the company's practices.
In 1975, IBM was producing four times as many computers as all the other computer manufacturers in the world combined, and had become a conglomerate of research, production, sales, technical service, and education and training.
In the 1960s and 1970s, IBM promoted the rapid development of the computer business, and played a key role in promoting the development of all aspects of society as a whole, such as assisting NASA to establish the Apollo 11 data base, to complete the astronauts landed on the moon program; the establishment of the bank's cross-border transaction system; and the establishment of the aviation industry's largest online ticketing system.
IBM launched the world's first personal computer August 12, 1981, based in Armonk, New York, United States of America, the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) launched a new 5150 computer, "personal computer" this new market was born.
The IBM 5150 looked like a beige "big box", sold for $ 1,565, had only 16K bytes of memory, and could use cassette tapes to download and store data, and could also be equipped with a 5.25-inch software disk drive.
IBM began its development in the new China in 1979, and IBM introduced advanced computer equipment and the concept of informationization to China: in 1979, the Bank of China, and the first computer in the history of the Bank of China - IBM 3032 was opened in Hong Kong.
In 1979, Shenyang Blower Factory introduced IBM 370/138 mainframe, which is after the establishment of the new China, IBM to the Chinese mainland to sell the first computer, but also opened China and IBM in the development of hand in hand, the prelude to comprehensive cooperation.
January 19, 1993, IBM announced a loss of $ 4.97 billion in fiscal year 1992, which was the largest annual loss of the company in U.S. history.
Because of this loss, IBM had undergone significant changes in its operations, shifting its focus from hardware to software and services.
In 1996, IBM called out the slogan "e-commerce", perhaps in addition to IBM itself, no one believed that this concept would subsequently lead to the development of the entire IT industry and even society as a whole.
And when the whole society is still intoxicated in the e-commerce brought great surprise, IBM but also "e-Business On Demand" (e-commerce, on-demand) sketched out the blueprint for the third phase of the development of e-commerce.
The large, flowery letter E and the social change it represents bring sweeping changes to human life.
It was only after 1999 that Microsoft's overall size surpassed that of the IBM Software Group.
IBM Software Group became the second largest software entity in the world.
March 9, 2001 IBM, Synergy, and Toshiba agree to ****collaborate on the development of processors for next-generation game consoles.
In 2002, IBM strengthens its consulting capabilities through Pricewaterhouse Coopers, a specialized consulting services firm it acquired.
As of 2005, the workforce was approximately 195 professional and technical professionals.
Total **** about 350 distinguished engineers and 60 IBM Fellows, with a large number of senior engineers.
In 2002, IBM announced the start of a $10 billion research program and the implementation of the necessary technology infrastructure to provide the super resources "required" for all enterprises to use the effective scale. Since then the program has been implemented.
IBM continues to grow its patent portfolio, cross-licensing with other companies.
Each year from 1993 to 2005, IBM has received significantly more US patents than any other company.
There have been more than 31,000 patents during this 13-year period, and IBM is number one.
Protecting the company's intellectual property has evolved into a corporate endeavor, and the company has generated $10 billion in the bottom line during this period.
In 2003 Fortune quoted Paul, IBM's head of research, as saying that IBM brought in $1 billion in profits from intellectual property licenses.
In 2004, IBM announced a proposed sale of its personal computer business to Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group.
Lenovo Enterprises was partially owned by China *** and was sold for $650 million in cash and $600 million in Lenovo stock.
The Exchange Commission approved the foreign investment in March 2005, and in May 2005 it was completed.
IBM has a 19% stake in Lenovo and will headquarter it in New York State and IBM appointed a chief executive. The company would retain the right to use certain IBM brands for an initial period of five years.
The laptop has become Lenovo's most successful product as a result of the purchase and inheritance of the IBM Thinkpad product line, which includes Thinkpad laptops.
February 8, 2005 The "Cell" CPU architecture, jointly developed by IBM, Synergy, and Toshiba, is released.
On June 20, 2006, Georgia and IBM*** announced a new technology record for silicon-based chips with speeds up to 500 GHz.
This was achieved by freezing the chip to -451°F (-268.0°C), not comparable to CPU speeds.
The chip operates at 350GHz at approximately room temperature.
On December 8, 2004 its PC division was sold to Lenovo for $1.75 billion and shares of Lenovo.
In 2003, IBM had revenues of $89.1 billion and 230,000 full-time employees.
IBM China includes: IBM China Software Development Center CSDL, China Research Center CRL.
In 2004, it partnered with Hong Kong Cultural Communications Group to promote cash registers with Chinese CPUs.
On December 8, Lenovo Group, which holds nearly one-third of the PC market in China, announced that it was acquiring IBM's global desktop and laptop manufacturing and marketing business for $1.25 billion in cash and stock.
In 2005, the desktop and laptop business was sold to Chinese IT company Lenovo Group, which would remain under the IBM brand for five years.
The ThinkPad and ThinkCentre brands were owned by Lenovo.
In 2006, for the 14th consecutive year, IBM became the company with the largest number of patents in the United States, setting a new record with 3,621 patents (not including 30 patents obtained with other entities***).
IBM spends about $6 billion annually on R&D and generates about $1 billion in revenue directly from IP.
But intellectual property is not enough; it is equally important to have a system that supports, respects and protects intellectual property - we are a business of creative people, and we are not alone.
In January 2007, IBM announced the launch of the Inventors Forum, an online platform for small and medium-sized businesses to express their views on the patent system and the results of reforms, such as improving patent quality.
John E. Kelly III, IBM's Senior Vice President of Technology and Intellectual Property, said that the purpose of the Inventors Forum was "to allow the most representative inventors from the many inventor groups to propose new ideas for patent reform, such as how they can participate in the patent system or how they can help solve current problems in the patent system". the patent system or how they can help solve the challenges facing the current patent system."
In 2006, IBM organized a global community of legal, academic, economic, managerial, scientific, and other experts*** from around the world to explore the issues, identify the key characteristics of a well-functioning intellectual property (IP) marketplace, and develop a blueprint for achieving successful reform.
Over the course of two months, this group of experts discussed the most important issues related to IP through a dedicated wiki, sometimes agreeing and sometimes disagreeing.
IBM's Smarter Planet program is the centerpiece of IBM's strategy for the next 10 years, with half of IBM's $6 billion in annual R&D investment devoted to Smarter Planet projects.
In 2008, IBM President and CEO Ming Sheng Peng for the first time released the concept of "Smart Planet": globalized human society will be a complex natural system into a complex business and social system, and this system is based on a unified intelligent global infrastructure: an increasingly integrated, by the countless systems composed of global system - including In 2009, IBM fully grasped the "perceived, connected, intelligent" trend of science and technology, and put forward the vision of "smart earth" and "smart city".
On January 28, 2009, the "Wise Planet" strategy was put on the table, and U.S. business leaders held a roundtable meeting, where IBM CEO Peng Mingsheng threw out the concept to U.S. President Barack Obama.
The strategy is broadly defined as: embedding and equipping sensors into power grids, railroads, buildings, dams, oil and gas pipelines, and other kinds of real objects to form a physical connection, and then integrating them through supercomputers and cloud computing to realize the integration of society and the physical world.
On this basis, humans can manage production and life in a more fine-grained and dynamic way, achieving a "smart" state, improving resource utilization and productivity, and improving the relationship between humans and nature.
Today, IBM's innovative solutions are blossoming in the key areas of smart energy, smart transportation, smart healthcare, smart retail, smart energy, and smart water resources, covering energy efficiency and emission reduction, food safety, environmental protection, transportation, healthcare, modern services, software and services, cloud computing, virtualization, and other hotspot directions.
February 17, 2011, IBM's supercomputer "Watson" (Watson) in the U.S. veteran knowledge quiz TV show - "Jeopardy! "(Jeopardy!), which was hailed as a great breakthrough in computer science and artificial intelligence in the 21st century.
In October 2011, IBM successfully acquired Algorithmics, making it a key member of the IBM Software Group.
On November 15, 2011, Warren Buffett, the god of the stock market, said in an interview with CNBC that Berkshire Hathaway, his holding company, has been buying IBM stock since March 2011, and already owns 64 million shares of IBM stock, or 5.4% of its outstanding share capital, with a market value of $10.7 billion.
Berkshire became one of IBM's two largest shareholders.
On December 19, 2012, IBM announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire StoredIQ Software.
IBM is working to help clients derive value from big data, respond more effectively to lawsuits and regulations, deal with failing information and reduce data storage costs.
On September 19, 2013, IBM announced that it had acquired Daeja Imaging Systems, Inc.
Daeja is a privately held software company based in Milton Keynes, UK.
On April 10, 2014, IBM announced that it had agreed to acquire Silverpop, a privately-held cloud marketing services company.
On October 22, 2014, Deutsche Lufthansa AG said it would sell its IT infrastructure unit to IBM as part of the company's restructuring plan, which includes an outsourcing agreement for services.
Under the initial agreement reached between the two parties, Lufthansa outsourced all IT infrastructure services to IBM for a period of seven years.
At the same time, IBM took over Lufthansa's IT infrastructure division.
On February 02, 2015, IBM appointed Liming Chen as Chairman of Greater China.
On March 28, 2015, IBM acquired search engine startup Blekko technology and team.
On January 21, 2016, IBM announced that it had acquired Ustream, a live web video streaming service provider, to form a "cloud video services business".
There were reports that the acquisition was for $130 million, but this amount was not confirmed by IBM.