Hospitals when saving lives, treating the sick and saving people's lives place, its internal personnel intensive, the quality of personnel, age level, physical condition varies. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, people's material life, spiritual life is constantly enriched, the patient's need for life is more intense than before. However, partly due to the lack of awareness of the importance of fire prevention work, fire prevention measures are not really implemented, resulting in a number of fire accidents continue to occur.
Fire cases
December 15, 2005, 16:30, Liaoyuan City, Jilin, the central hospital inpatient building fire, the fire caused 40 deaths, 28 serious injuries, 182 people were injured, the fire direct economic loss of 8,219,214,000 yuan, is the largest since the founding of the country's health system of a fire.
16:10 or so, Liaoyuan City Center Hospital in Jilin, a sudden power outage. Electricians in the primary power switching, standby power is not automatically started, forcibly pushed the gate to send power. 16:00, the distribution box issued a thumping sound, and produce arc and smoke, resulting in a fire in the distribution box, in the case of ineffective self-rescue, at 16:57 before calling the police, before and after the time of nearly 30 minutes, resulting in the rapid development of the spread of the fire. Because of the unit delayed to fight the initial fire, the best time to control the fire, the fire department arrived at the scene, has formed a large number of people trapped in a complex situation, group deaths and injuries have been unavoidable.
Case study
Hospital patients are basically escape vulnerable groups, a part of the critically ill patients, paralyzed patients, post-surgery patients, unable to evacuate on their own, and accompanying, visiting staff team internal evacuation channels are unfamiliar with the situation, can only passively wait for rescue. Therefore, once the hospital fire, early detection, early alarm is very important.
Hospital fire danger?
1. Internal combustible materials, the possibility of disaster
Hospital inpatient department has a large number of quilts, mattresses and furniture, radiology has a large number of film, operating room, pathology, preparation room, hyperbaric chamber, pharmacy, pharmacy, etc. There are flammable hazardous materials such as the use of improper management, it is easy to cause a fire and explosion.
2. equipment potentially dangerous
Hospitals in addition to a large number of lighting and air-conditioning equipment, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the X-ray machine and hyperbaric chamber equipped with a variety of diagnostic and medical equipment, if these equipment due to substandard quality, installation and operation of improper use, will cause fire accidents. Especially the hyperbaric oxygen chamber, not only the fire may lead to the death of the cabin, and even an explosion will cause serious consequences.3. Sporadic fires, the management of difficult
Hospitals are more sources of ignition, one is a cigarette butt, matches, microwave ovens, preparation room pharmaceuticals with an electric stove gas stove, the pathology room with the oven, and other open flames. Secondly, the wire aging fire overload caused by insulation damage wherever fluorescent ballasts and electrical equipment long-term heat and fire.
4. The complexity of the internal structure
Characteristics of hospital fires
1. Once a disaster, it is very easy to cause great casualties.
2. Combustible materials, dense personnel, to the fire fighting and rescue bring great difficulties.
3. Poor self-rescue ability of patients inside the hospital, and many factors leading to death
How to organize evacuation of people in case of fire
Correctly call the police to prevent confusion
In the case that the fire develops more slowly, the leaders and staff of the hospital on fire should first notify the people near the exits or the most unfavorable areas, and evacuate them first, and then depending on the situation public notification to tell other people to evacuate. When the fire is intense and the evacuation conditions are relatively good, public notification can be made at the same time to allow all personnel to evacuate. In the fire specifically how to notify, according to the specific conditions of the fire to determine, but must ensure that rapid and simple, so that a variety of evacuation channels to be fully utilized in a timely manner, to prevent confusion.
Correct guidance, emotional stability
Fire makes, due to the psychological effect of people anxious to escape, may be crowded together to the exit of the obvious signs, at this time, the staff concerned should try to guide the evacuation, for the escape indicated a variety of evacuation routes, at the same time, to use a calm tone of voice shouting, persuade everyone to eliminate panic, evacuate in an orderly manner
Restrain the escapees Re-entry into the fire scene
The evacuation of the personnel, to strengthen the management of the post-disaster. As the affected personnel out of danger, as the degree of threat to their own lives decreases, may enhance the property and not fleeing the danger zone within the loved ones color and the degree of worry about your life. At this time, fleeing the danger zone of the personnel may re-return to the fire, the area to save the loved ones who have not yet escaped, so there is a risk of encountering new dangers, resulting in evacuation of the chaos, hindering the rescue and extinguish the fire. Therefore, the people who have been evacuated to a safe area, to strengthen the management, prohibit them from dangerous actions, if necessary, should be equipped with guards in key areas inside and outside the building.
How to carry out the fire rescue
1. For the mobility of the elderly, infirm, disabled, children, and due to shock, smoke, fire and unconscious people, we should use the back, hold, carry the method of capture and take them to rescue out. Need to cross the smoke and fire blockade, there can be wet clothes, wet bedding, etc. will be rescued and rescuers of the head, face and body cover up, and fog water gun cover, to prevent being burned by fire or heat.
2. floor of the internal aisles, stairs, doors and other channels have been blocked by smoke and fire, trapped people can not escape, should be used to fire ladders and other racks to the trapped person is located in the window, balcony, roof, etc., and then the use of fire ladders, elevated fire trucks, life bags. Lowering device, etc. will be trapped people rescued.
3. Can not set up a fire ladder, you can use the hook ladder, unarmed climbing downpipe windows and other methods to climb up the stairs, and then use life-saving equipment to save people, or the use of the shooting rope gun will be shot to the location of the trapped person, and then let the trapped person with a rope will be a descender, life ladder, lifesaving bags and other firefighting equipment hung up, and then let the trapped person to use the equipment to save themselves.
4. Trapped in the window, balcony, roof of the personnel, especially hanging off the outside of the building, under the threat of smoke and fire, may risk jumping, this time to use shouting or large-print slogans, caution them to stick to the end of the waiting for rescue, do not take the risk. Peer four on the ground to make life-saving preparations, such as pulling the life-saving net, life-saving mats, available sponge cushions, Simmons mattresses and other alternatives, just in case.
5. In the use of fire ladders to rescue trapped people on the floor, to be vigilant and stop them from swarming, so as not to cause people to fall, turn the ladder and other accidents. Trapped people themselves along the fire ladder from the floor to the ground evacuation, the safety rope should be tied to its waist to protect, or by the firefighters descended on their backs to escort down the ladder.
5. team rescued from the injured, in addition to first aid at the scene, should also be timely rescue treatment.
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