.
.
.
.
.
1 ⒈ reduce high blood pressure, high blood pressure: choose a long dark-colored type, cut into segments or shredded, mixed with sesame sauce to soy sauce and become, in the dinner time, take can effectively reduce and self-healing.
Peak prevention and treatment of stomach cancer: eggplant contains lobelia alkaloids, can inhibit the proliferation of digestive system tumors, for the prevention and treatment of stomach cancer has a certain effect. In addition, eggplant also has the effect of clearing heat and stopping bleeding, swelling and pain.
Anti-aging: eggplant contains vitamin E, prevent bleeding and anti-aging function, often eat eggplant, can make the blood cholesterol level does not increase, to slow down the aging of the human body has a positive significance.
Sunglasses sunglasses can clear heat and activate blood, reduce swelling and relieve pain: taking steamed eggplant every day for a long time can effectively treat bleeding internal hemorrhoids, and constipation also has a certain role in relieving constipation. Medical research also shows that often eat eggplant on chronic gastritis, nephritis edema and other diseases have a certain therapeutic effect.
Be careful to protect the cardiovascular, ascorbic acid: eggplant is rich in vitamin P, this substance can enhance the adhesion between human cells, enhance the elasticity of capillaries, reduce the brittleness of capillaries and permeability, to prevent the microvascular rupture bleeding, so that the cardiovascular to maintain normal function. In addition, the eggplant has the effect of preventing scurvy and promoting wound healing.
Choice of treatment of frostbite: take two or three eggplant seedlings (with roots) in the ground in winter and decoct with water, boil the water and then boil for 20 minutes, soak and wash the frostbite affected area with this water, and at the same time use the eggplant seedling to scrub the affected area, two to three times to be cured. [14]
Borrowing heat and detoxification
For people prone to prickly heat and sores, especially suitable. [13]
Lowering cholesterol
Eggplants contain saponins, which promote the synthesis of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, increase oxygenation, improve blood flow, prevent blood clots, and improve immunity. In addition, it can also be used to improve the sexual performance of men. In addition, the medical use of this ingredient to reduce cholesterol in the body. [13]
Not suitable for the crowd
1⒈ eggplant is a cold nature of the vegetable, therefore, the body has indigestion, easy diarrhea, spleen and stomach cold, loose symptoms of pregnant women should not eat more.
Peak pregnant friends in the choice of eggplant, should also choose fresh eggplant. It is best not to choose the old eggplant, especially after the fall of the old eggplant, contains more lycopene, harmful to the human body, should not eat more.
3 eggplant contains very low calories, the elderly and obese people may wish to eat often. Eggplant cold, for easy prickly heat, sores and boils can be eaten, but the spleen and stomach cold, asthma should not eat more.
Sung after the fall of the eggplant has a certain amount of toxins, its taste is bitter, it is best to eat less, especially diabetic patients should eat less before surgery also try not to eat eggplant.
Precautions
1 ⒈ eggplant eating method meat and vegetarian. Both can be fried, burned, steamed, boiled, can also be fried, cold, do soup. Eat eggplant is best not to peel, because the eggplant skin contains vitamin B, vitamin B and vitamin C is a good pair of partners, vitamin C metabolism process requires the support of vitamin B. Eat eggplant with the skin to help promote vitamin C absorption. Eggplant should not be eaten raw to avoid poisoning.
Peake despite the many ways to eat eggplant, but most of the eating method cooking temperature is higher, longer, not only greasy, nutritional loss is also great. Fried eggplant vitamin loss of up to 50% or more. Of all the ways to eat eggplant, mixed eggplant puree is the healthiest.
Eggplant and crab meat are cold food, eaten together will often make the intestines and stomach feel uncomfortable, and in severe cases will lead to diarrhea, especially the spleen and stomach cold people should avoid eating.
Sunglasses are poisonous when eaten raw. Raw eggplant contains a kind of toxin called lobelia (also known as lycopene), in the sprouted potatoes lobelia is more toxic! Lobelin is not only found in potato sprouts, but also in raw eggplant, which you can see is even called "lycopene".
Be careful when choosing eggplant during pregnancy, you should also choose fresh eggplant. It is better not to choose the old eggplant, especially after the fall of the old eggplant, contains more eggplant alkaloids, harmful to the human body, it is not advisable to eat more. [15]
Large quantities of raw eggplants are easy to poison
Eggplant has a substance called lycopene, with antioxidant and inhibit the role of cancer cells, is one of the sources of eggplant health care; but it has a strong gastrointestinal tract stimulation, anesthesia on the respiratory center, the human body will be poisoned when high intake.
Eggplant alkali is basically insoluble in water, so blanching, boiling and other methods can not remove eggplant alkali. Adding a little vinegar to the cooking process can help destroy and break down the alkaloids.
The best way to prevent lycopene poisoning is to control your intake. However, under normal circumstances, eating about 250 grams of eggplant in one meal will not cause any discomfort, so there is no need to be overly alarmed. [15]
Medicinal
Eggplant taste sweet and cold, into the spleen, stomach and large intestine meridian, with heat and blood stasis, diuretic swelling, wide bowel effect. The treatment of intestinal wind and blood, fever sores, skin ulcers. Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty recorded in the book "Compendium of Materia Medica" that eggplant is used to treat cold and heat, labor of the five organs, and warm diseases. According to the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the main chemical composition of eggplant is containing a variety of alkaloids, such as fenugreek alkaloids, silymarin, choline, lobelia alkaloids, etc., and the eggplant skin contains pigments lycopene, perilloside, etc.. [16]
Economy
Eggplant yield is high, the market is broad, the economic benefits are very significant, in the scale of production has been developed from a family in the countryside scattered cultivation to large-scale commercial production, become one of the vegetable farmers rich project. In shandong shouguang, the use of daylight greenhouse protection, the implementation of eggplant counter-season autumn and winter stubble, overwintering stubble, winter and spring stubble large-scale cultivation, so that it has become the winter and spring can also be a large number of export sales of one of the main fresh berry commodity vegetables, because of the high price of the counter-season, the general eggplant production per crop of fresh fruits of 150-225 tons / hectare, the net income of 30-45 million yuan / hectare. [17]
One is the fruit bright red or bright purplish red, glossy, very beautiful appearance of the red grapes, called "red earth", also known as "late red". Young leaves light purple, smooth leaf surface, the back of the leaf has sparse hairs. Adult leaves are larger, heart-shaped, 5
lobed, moderately fissured, smooth and glossy, and the backs of the leaves are not hairy. Flowers bisexual. Fruit grains are loosely attached. Fruit spikes generally weigh about 800 grams, the largest spike weight 2500 grams. The average grain weight is 13 grams, and the maximum grain weight is 25 grams. No fruit cracking, no rotten fruit, no seed drop. Fruit skin medium thick, difficult to peel, sugar content of 18-20 degrees, fresh taste crisp, sweet mouth, not sour, not astringent, excellent taste, resistance to storage and transportation, natural storage can be up to more than 3 months, constant temperature kiln storage can be stored until May of the following year, successive storage up to more than 8 months.
Budding in early and mid-March, mid- and late-March show the first true leaves. Fruit ripening in late September. Vigorous growth potential, early fruiting period, planted in the second year on the fruit, the third year mu (1 mu: 667 square meters, the same below) yield 2000 kg or more. Another variety for the fruit purple-black, bright as paint, fruit powder, the appearance of the black raisin, called "autumn black". Fruit grains in the spike bearing close, and the size of the same, the spike shape is beautiful. Average spike weight 750 grams, the largest spike weight 1700 grams. The grains are broadly ovoid, with thick skin. The flesh is yellowish green, can be cut into slices, crisp and sweet, containing sugar 18-20 degrees, excellent quality. ripe in mid-September. Fruit grains are firmly attached, strong tensile strength, very resistant to storage and transportation, can be stored until March of the following year, disease-resistant and productive, planted in the second year after the beginning of the fruit, the third year of the mu yield of up to 2,000 kilograms or more, the fourth or fifth year into the fruiting season.
In addition, the market can also be seen on the "Victoria" and "August" two European species of grapes. The former greenish yellow, the latter golden yellow. Fruit hardness, sugar content of more than 18 degrees, sweet, good quality, not easy to drop grains, disease resistance, yield, July in the middle and late maturity.
To ensure the yield of the coming year. Dragon fruit planting in a variety of ways, you can climb the wall planting, you can also trellis planting, but the column cultivation is the most common, the advantages of low production costs, high land utilization.
The so-called column cultivation is to set up a concrete or wooden column, plant 3-4 dragon fruit seedlings around the column, so that the dragon fruit plant grows upward along the column cultivation. Planting specifications double-season column spacing of 1.5 meters × 2 meters, according to each column around the planting of 4 seedlings, every 667 square meters can be planted 750 plants. Dragon fruit can be planted all year round, pay attention to not deep planting, implantation of about 3 cm deep can be, the initial period should keep the soil moist. [3]
Management of water
The dragon fruit grows rapidly in a warm, moist, well-lit environment. Seedlings should keep the soil moist throughout the garden during the growing period. Spring and summer seasons should be more watering, so that its root system to maintain vigorous growth. The soil should be kept moist during the fruit expansion period to facilitate fruit growth.
Irrigation should never be a prolonged drenching or a frequent drenching from start to finish. Soaking irrigation will make the root system in a state of long-term oxygen deprivation and death, drenching will make the humidity uneven, and induce red spot (physiological lesions). Drainage should be done in rainy weather to avoid infection with pathogens that can cause stem and flesh rot. Water should be controlled in the winter garden to enhance the cold resistance of the branches.
I. Leaf yellowing (dragon fruit leaves with red spots on the tree, the leaves are also yellow, the phenomenon of iron deficiency)
Treatment:
1, branch spraying: the onset of serious fruit trees,
before the germination can be sprayed with 0.3-0.5% ferrous sulfate solution, or copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and lime mixture (0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 1.25 kg of quicklime, 160 kg of water) , which can control the disease.
2, trunk injection: the most commonly used and effective is 0.05-0.1% ferrous sulfate solution. Injections with 0.05-0.1% ferric citrate solution also have a certain effect.
3, metal chelated iron application: chelated metal is made of metal ions plus chelating agent. Application of chelated iron, can improve the supply of certain nutrients in the soil. Chelated iron in addition to soil application, but also foliar spray 0.1-0.2% integrated iron solution, so that leaf color recovery.
4, soil application or foliar spraying should be careful not to overdose, so as not to produce drug damage. [6]
II. Rot disease (white silk disease)
Treatment:
Can be caused by insect mouth injury, or by mechanical injury followed by the formation of a long period of rainy environment. Rot disease can be cut with a knife to remove the affected part, or use a knife to cut open the ulcerated tissue to drain (when the sunny days and high temperatures), and let the wounded product dry naturally or apply thiophos powder to prevent and control the disease. General facility cultivation, excessive humidity, easy to get sooty disease. Ventilation should be strengthened, and the affected area should be cleaned off with water. Winter greenhouse facilities are usually hot and dry, easy to induce red spider. It is necessary to maintain a certain degree of humidity. If the density of insect population is large, 40% oxalic acid 1000-1500 times liquid control can be used. [3]
III. Dragon fruit flower skin fruit cause analysis
I. Dragon fruit flower skin fruit
The so-called dragon fruit flower skin fruit is hemp face, according to the size of the flower skin area is divided into small flower skin and large flower skin, the reasons are different, there are disease-induced, insect-induced, drug-induced, caused by acid rain, and so on.
1, the big flower skin causes
Mainly due to the oblique moth gnawing and retained branches lower (from the ground 50cm or less) in the process of applying herbicides directly lead to a large area of the burn spot.
2, small flower skin produces causes
One is the rain in the south, by the influence of acid rain in the south or can not be timely medication, the growth of dragon fruit is more influential, resulting in the appearance of the flower skin fruit; less branches, cold hardiness is medium, disease resistance, salt tolerance is strong.
The fig tree is elegant, is the yard, park ornamental trees, generally do not use pesticides, is a pure natural pollution-free trees. Its leaves are large, palmately lobed and rough, with good dust-absorbing effect, such as configured with other plants, it can also form a good anti-noise barrier. Fig tree can resist toxic gases and atmospheric pollution that general plants cannot tolerate, and it is a good tree species for greening chemical pollution area. In addition, figs are highly adaptable, wind-resistant, drought-resistant, saline-resistant, and can play a role in windbreaks and sand fixation and greening of deserted land when planted in arid sandy wasteland areas.
Economic value
The fig is also one of the world's fastest fruit trees, and high yield, no big and small years, few pests and diseases, cultivation and management is easy. Fig seedlings planted that year when the fruit, properly managed plant yield up to 2 kilograms, mu yield up to 500 kilograms. More peculiar is that the nursery year in the nursery can also be a large number of results, which is very rare in the fruit tree. This excellent characteristics of figs, so that the investment in a very short period of time back, extremely conducive to mobilizing the production enthusiasm of the majority of fruit farmers, but also extremely conducive to the industrialization of the local government and meet the requirements of the domestic large companies in pursuit of profit maximization, is one of the best projects for investment in agriculture of large funds. The 3-5 years into the productive period, productive period mu yield is generally more than 2500 kilograms, of which the highest mu yield of green figs more than 3500 kilograms, and there is no large and small years, pests and diseases are also very few, especially conducive to the production of green fruit, in line with the international popular trend.
Most varieties of figs are divided into summer and fall results, fruit ripening in June to November. Fresh fruit sales time is long Sales pressure is small, but also greatly extends the processing time, especially conducive to improve the utilization rate of plant equipment Fig tree life is long, the general economic life of 30 to 50 years.
Pan Lychee needs warm climate and appropriate precipitation, intolerant of frost and cold weather. The optimal growth temperature of the average maximum of 25-32 ℃, the average minimum for 15-25 ℃, fruit ripening optimal average temperature of 25-30 ℃. The critical temperature for the safe overwintering of fruit trees is 0℃. Most of the Senlizhi are semi-deciduous fruit trees, in late winter or early spring will enter the natural dormancy or environmental conditions caused by forced dormancy. Dormancy exempts the plant from the effects of late winter and spring frosts or drought. Appropriate low winter temperatures help accelerate defoliation and promote sprouting. However, low temperatures are not as necessary to induce budding as they are in other deciduous fruit trees. Temperatures during fruit ripening should be neither too low nor too high. When low temperatures are encountered, especially below 13°C, the fruit will develop physiological diseases, often rusty spots, and delay ripening. And too high a temperature will cause premature ripening, easy to cause fruit rot. [3]
Moisture
Fanlizhi is sensitive to moisture, too much or too little water is not conducive to plant growth. The growth of lychee is affected by short-term flooding, resulting in loss of leaves and fewer flowers. Irrigation or rainfall is important for flowering and early fruit set. Too little water during this period can lead to flower drop and slow fruit growth. Also, moisture affects fruit quality, with 9.8% fruit cracking reported for irrigated senna lychees in Australia, compared to 20% for unirrigated senna lychees. Under low humidity (less than 70% relative humidity), flower drop increased, stigma drying and fruit set was significantly reduced. In southeast Queensland, during the bloom period, the relative humidity is often below 30% during the daytime during the hottest time, and they use high-density planting, creating windbreaks and spraying to increase the humidity in the orchard. But the humidity is too high (higher than 95%) and will dilute the sugar secretion on the stigma, so that the pollen germination rate is low, is not conducive to fertilization
Fanlizhi class fruit trees on all types of soil adaptability are very strong. It can grow on sandy to clay loam soils. But to get high and stable yield, it is better to sandy soil or sandy loam. Because the soil is clayey and heavy, poor drainage will affect flowering and fruiting. Loose sandy loam does not have this disadvantage, and it is easy to control growth through fertilization and irrigation. If the soil layer is shallow, you can cultivate the soil to thicken the soil layer and improve drainage, or you can mulch it to encourage the development of absorbing roots in the topsoil layer.
The use of live seedlings in production is limited to the common fengyi, hybrid fengyi can not be used as mother trees. Live seedling seed source is very important, the seed should come from a good variety (common lychee) productive, high-quality mother plant on the large and fruit shape correct fruit. It is best to use the fruit of the same variety of artificial pollination. When the fruit is fully ripe, the fruit is light greenish-yellow, and the suture between the small fruits is obvious, pick and collect the seeds. Cultivated as a grafting rootstock, seed collection can be less demanding. After the seeds are removed and washed, unsubstantial grains and small seeds are removed, and the seeds can be sown by drying. If the stored fengyi seeds, before sowing to sun, to promote germination. Before sowing, the seeds can be soaked in 200ppm of erythromycin for 24-36 hours to promote early germination. Seedbed to fertile sandy loam soil is good, and applied to the rotting organic fertilizer shake well. The width of the bed should be convenient for field work. The use of strip sowing, sowing can be, sowing amount of 7-8 kg per mu. After sowing, cover with fine sand or fine soil, slightly compacted and drenched with water, and then covered with grass or plastic film to moisturize. Seedlings uncovered after the cover grass or plastic film, so as not to bend the seedlings. Seedlings should pay attention to the management of water and fertilizer, generally 3-4 watering once, watering once a day in drought. To 6-8 leaves can start fertilizer, in order to cultivate strong seedlings. [3]
Grafting
The tomato lychee grafting seedlings are generally used for common tomato lychee as rootstock, so that the rootstock has a good affinity, the tree dwarfing, the characteristics of the early production period. The thickness of the rootstock generally reaches about 0.8 cm before grafting. Grafting time: branch grafting is generally in the spring, while bud grafting is better in the summer and fall grafting, winter grafting generally can not survive. The scion of the lychee is selected from the peripheral branch tips of the parent tree of the best varieties of robust growth, free of disease and insects, and after the scion is picked, the leaves are cut off and the petiole of the leaf is retained at 0.3-0.5 cm long to reduce the evaporation of water. This method applies to the sap flow period during the growing season, so that the rootstock can peel the bark.
Pan Lychee planting, seedlings should be selected to use ordinary Pan Lychee as rootstock grafted seedlings, planting time selection in the spring is best, especially in the non-budding before planting, the highest survival rate. Can also be planted in June-July rainy season, but pay attention to drainage, the roots of the lychee is most avoided stagnant water. When planting the best on the seedlings for grading, from the field transfer seedlings before planting need to be in the water to soak the roots for 3-5 hours. Thereafter, the seedlings will be placed in a hole 20-30 cm deep, the lack of water in the mountains can be appropriately deepened by 10 cm, so that the root system is stretched, while filling the soil and lifting the seedlings while stepping on the ground, planted in the surrounding area to do a tree plate, covered with straw and other mulch and watered with sufficient rooting water. [4]
Fertilizer
The principle of fertilization of tomato lychee is based on the size of the tree and different growth stages of scientific fertilization to apply organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizers combined in a way that gradually converge to green agriculture. General 1 year fertilization 3 times, the first time in the winter before and after pruning, combined with deep soil turning and clearing the garden, the application of organic fertilizers, deep digging and deep put, heavy application of the whole application of all organic fertilizers, as well as accounted for 80% of the year's phosphorus fertilizers, 20% of the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer; the second time in the summer period after the blossoming of the fruit during the period of young fruits (May-June), the total amount of annual nitrogen fertilizers 35%, 10% of the phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers 20%; the third time in the Winter fruit during the young fruit (September-October), the application of the whole year
of flavonoid glycosides and flavonols are free radical scavengers, can protect the dermis layer cells, improve blood circulation, to prevent cells from being oxidized to produce wrinkles. Ginkgo is one of the herbs with anti-active genes ability, and ginkgo is effective in protecting lipids (components of cell membranes) from free radical damage.
But it also contains small toxic substances: hydrocyanic acid, leucocyanic acid, hydrogenated leucocyanic acid, hydrogenated leucocyanidic acid, leucocyanol, and leucosterol. So when consuming should pay attention to the way to consume white fruit. If cooked and consumed, it can decompose leucocyanic acid and leucocyanidic acid, and hydrocyanic acid is easy to remove by volatilization with a low boiling point, so the toxicity of cooked leucocyanidin is less.
In order to prevent ginkgo poisoning, cooked, less food is its fundamental method. The medical profession believes that raw white fruit should be controlled at about 10 pills a day, and excessive consumption will cause abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, convulsions and other symptoms. Some people like to drink water with ginkgo biloba, which has certain dangers, ginkgo biloba contains toxic ingredients, taking too large a dose or longer, will jeopardize heart health.
Ginkgo tree trunk straight, wood is the system of musical instruments, furniture, high-grade materials. Ginkgo wood quality, expensive, known as "silver incense wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood texture with glossy, straight grain, fine structure, easy to process, not warping, strong corrosion resistance, easy to paint, digging nail force is small, and has a special medicinal flavor, strong moth resistance.
Ginkgo biloba wood in addition to the production of carved plaques and wood fish and other crafts, can also be made into a cabinet, desk and other high-level furniture. Ginkgo biloba wood with *** sound, conductivity and rich elasticity, is the ideal material for making musical instruments. Can make mapping instruments, pens and other cultural items, but also the production of chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small crafts of wood. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for the production of X-ray machine filter plate, textile printing and dyeing roll, machine mold and stripped lacquer ware of wood mold, plywood, cutting boards, wooden phone and so on. Ginkgo outer seed coat can extract tannin.
The ginkgo tree is tall and straight, with fan-like leaves. The crown is large and shade-like, with a cooling effect. Leaf shape is elegant, long life. No pests and diseases, do not pollute the environment, the trunk of the tree is clean, is a famous pollution-free species, is conducive to the propagation of the ginkgo and add to the landscape. Strong adaptability, ginkgo to the climate and soil requirements are very broad. Resistant to smoke, fire and toxic gases. Ginkgo trees are tall, straight trunk, beautiful posture, green in spring and summer, golden in late autumn, is the ideal gardening, street tree species.
It can be used for gardening, roadways, highways, field forest network, windbreaks, the ideal cultivation of tree species. It is listed as one of the four long-lived ornamental tree species in China (pine, cypress, acacia, ginkgo).
The ecological benefits of ginkgo are mainly reflected in the ginkgo is both a fruit tree - dried fruit and forest trees belonging to the role of timber species, protective species, disease and insect resistant species, longevity species and pollution-resistant species. Ginkgo has a strong adaptive capacity, is a fast-growing productive forest, farmland protection forests, road protection forests, shore protection forests, beach protection forests, village protection forests, forests and food intercropping and "four" greening of the ideal tree species.