School safety is a very important part of the safety of society as a whole. It is directly related to the young students can grow up safely and healthily, and is related to the happiness and peace of millions of families and social stability.
In 1990, the World Health Organization issued a report that in most countries of the world, unintentional injuries are the most important reason for children and adolescents to be injured and disabled. In China, most of the accidental injuries of school-age children occur at school and on the way to school; and among young people of different ages, the mortality rate of accidental injuries is the highest among those aged 15 to 19.
Accidental injuries not only cause a large number of children's permanent disabilities and early deaths, consume huge medical costs, but also weaken the national productivity. It not only brings pain and misfortune to children and their families, but also creates a huge burden and loss to the society, government and schools. According to a survey, between 1999 and 2002, more than 360 student casualty accidents occurred in Beijing *** in which schools compensated for economic losses, and more than half of these schools encountered difficulties in handling the accidents.
Therefore, the issue of school safety has become a hot issue of concern to all sectors of society. Protecting every child and minimizing accidents that happen to them has become an important part of primary and secondary school education and management.
Accidents of inappropriate activities
Injuries caused by students using pens, stones, knives, toys and other instruments when chasing, playing and fooling around with each other after school hours without mastering the proportion and ways and means.
Crushing and trampling accidents
Crushing and trampling accidents caused by competing with each other in dark and narrow places such as hallways and doorways after school and classes. School building corridor railing height does not meet the requirements; campus set up a deep pool; sports equipment is not regular inspection, maintenance, replacement, some dangerous rooms in the use of disease; campus facilities aging.
Traffic Accidents
Traffic accidents caused by not walking on the sidewalk, crossing the road at will, forcing to overtake the road, riding at high speed, and so on. Accidents caused by riding in a truck or overloaded vehicle that causes the vehicle to overturn and injure people.
Sports accidents
Sports activities or classroom indiscipline or inattention, activities at will, sports equipment, the use of the essentials and injuries caused.
Labor or social practice accidents
In labor or social practice safety awareness is poor, the teacher did not put the safety of the accident in the first place.
School violence accidents
School safety and security system is not sound, the precautionary measures are not effective, the students are victimized by lawless people outside the school. Buddy righteousness ganging up; the use of force for trivial friction; blind consumption leads to theft; bad interaction pulling people down; a few teachers have corporal punishment.
Fire accidents
Students heating, electricity, food and drink inappropriate and cause fire, electric shock, poisoning and other accidents. First, the seriousness of the fluke, resulting in aging power lines and facilities are still making do, inadequate firefighting equipment, building aisle design does not meet the fire regulations and so on. Second, the lack of fire knowledge, most teachers and students will not use fire extinguishers, fire classes rarely on the occurrence of fire more do not know how to deal with. Third, the management measures are lax, such as students casually use electrical appliances, gas, candles and other flammable and explosive substances.
Special accident of student's body
Injury caused by accidental impact on students' special diseases, special physical qualities, and abnormal psychological state.
Natural disaster accidents
Injuries caused by students' poor self-help and self-protection abilities and inability to effectively defend themselves against natural disasters such as storms, earthquakes, and floods.
Health accidents
School health management is not enough attention, the work mechanism is not sound, the work measures are not implemented, especially in rural schools canteens backward infrastructural conditions, poor sanitation facilities and other problems are still prominent, has become a school emergency public **** health and safety incidents of the hidden danger.
Facility accidents
Schools do not regularly check the facilities, resulting in many safety hazards in schools.
I. Recess activities
1, do not jump on the stairs, do not jump down from high places, do not climb the railings, do not slip on the handrails, do not do activities that are dangerous.
2, up and down the stairs do not run, sports activities, recess games to the sports field.
3, go to the toilet to avoid the peak, senior students to take care of lower classmates.
4, rainy day slippery road to be careful, students do not push and shove each other.
Two, the classroom activities safety education
1, anti-bump: not in the classroom chasing, playing, doing strenuous exercise and games, to prevent bumps and injuries.
2. Fall prevention: When you need to climb up to clean and put things away, ask others to protect you and pay attention to prevent falls.
3. Fall prevention: Whether the classroom is in the upper floors or not, do not put your body out of the balcony or window to prevent the risk of falling.
4, anti-squeeze: classroom doors and windows are easy to press the hand when opening and closing, and should be careful everywhere, to gently open and close the doors and windows, and pay attention to whether it will be pinched to the hands of others.
5, to prevent fire: do not bring lighters, matches, fireworks, firecrackers and other dangerous items into the campus, to stop playing with fire, fireworks and other behavior.
6, to prevent accidental injury: not allowed to bring cones, knives, scissors and other sharp, sharp tools, nails, pins and other stationery, can not be randomly placed on the table, chair, to prevent people from being accidentally injured.
Three, traffic safety education
1, road safety
First of all, we must recognize and grasp the meaning of various traffic signals: green light, allowed to pass, but turning vehicles are not allowed to impede the straight line of vehicles and pedestrians through; yellow light, not allowed to pass, but has been more than a stop line after the vehicles and pedestrians have entered the crosswalk can continue to pass; red light, not allowed to pass
The meaning of the crosswalk signal: when the green light is on, it is allowed to pass; when the green light is flashing, pedestrians are not allowed to enter the crosswalk, but those who have entered the crosswalk can continue to pass; when the red light is on, it is not allowed to pass.
When crossing the street, to develop a good habit of watching traffic signals. At the same time, but also pay attention to the traffic, do not chase, run hard, diagonally through or suddenly change the direction of travel. Do not sit on guardrails and piers, and do not want to save time over the guardrail or drilling over the guardrail and piers across the road, but should take the street bridge and street crossing. In the absence of pedestrian crossing the road, must be straight through, active avoidance of oncoming traffic, do not rush in the vehicle approaching.
In the city on the road, generally with white or yellow lines to the road is divided into motorized traffic fast lane, bicycles, manpower tricycles and other slow vehicles walking in the slow lane, and pedestrians walk on the sidewalks, in the sidewalks do not walk side by side, in the road is not divided into sidewalks, we should try to walk on the side of the road. Lower grades students should be led by their parents when they go out, and when traveling, if someone greets them on the opposite side of the road, do not suddenly cross the road to prevent accidents.
Walking to be attentive, not looking around, reading books and newspapers or forgetting to observe the road because of thinking and chatting. That's likely to be accompanied by rocks and sticks on the road, fall or knock down trees, poles, and even car accidents. When there is a car parked on the roadside, you should avoid it, so as not to be hurt by the sudden start of the car or the opening of the car door. You can't kick a ball, roller skate, jump, play games or chase on the road, and don't pickpocket cars, chase cars, stand in the middle of the road to force cars to stop or throw objects to hit the car. Walking in foggy and rainy days is even more important, and it is best to wear brightly colored clothes (preferably yellow), raincoats, and brightly colored umbrellas. At night on the street, to choose a street lamp lot, pay special attention to the vehicles and road conditions, in order to prevent accidents or accidentally fall into the repair of road dug pits and a variety of uncovered wells.
When crossing the highway, we should listen to the traffic police's direction, to comply with traffic rules, to do "stop at the red light, green light" and "a slow, two look, three through"
2, cycling safety
According to the traffic department's According to the regulations of the traffic department, children under the age of 12 are not allowed to ride bicycles, tricycles and push and pull all kinds of rickshaws on the street. If you are 12 years old or older, you must follow the rules of the road. Riding a bicycle on the street is in the slow lane, not in the fast lane of a motor vehicle, and not on the sidewalk. In the absence of a division of motor vehicles, non-motorized road, we should try to drive on the right, not against the traffic, and not to the middle of the road to the middle of the road, so that you can not see the vehicles on the road, it is easy to accident.
3, taxi, do not stand in the motorway. Once the unfortunate encounter rollover accident, do not hold on to some part of the carriage. And to go to hold their heads, and shrink the whole body is the best policy. If you meet the traffic accident, to maintain the scene, while shouting adults, notify the hospital in order to quickly rescue the injured, and timely to the traffic police or security personnel to report to the police; but also to remember the license plate number of the vehicle.
4, railroad and train safety
Can not walk in the railroad crossing or the railroad to stay, playing, picking up waste items, and can not drill or pickpocket cars. Through the railroad crossing, you must listen to the command of the crossing guards, the railing down that the train is about to pass, can not drill railings across the crossing. Do not cross the railroad tracks, and do not play on the tracks. If there is a train coming, you must stand to 5 meters away from the tracks, in the electric vaporization of the railroad line, but also pay attention to not climb the contact network pillars and pylons, and do not rest or play by the side of the pylons, to prevent electrocution. Waiting for the train on the platform, to stand outside the safety line, if there is no safety guardrail on the small station, be sure to leave the track two meters away, the train enters the station at a very high speed, close to the danger of being involved.
On the train, don't play with fire; don't play outside the connection of two carriages, which is easy to be pinched or squeezed; and never stick your head, body, hands, etc. out of the window, lest they get stuck by the window or scratched by signaling equipment, trees, etc. along the line. Finished plastic lunch boxes, water bottles, bags and other tea, can not be thrown out the window.
Four, food hygiene education
1, do not just buy snacks, especially not in the roadside stores, the street to buy some rough packaging, low quality cold drinks, popsicles, do not eat without a business license, health permits for vendors to sell popcorn, puffed food, tofu brain, cooked meats, mutton kebabs, spicy and other foods.
2, overnight food to be heated, do not eat rotten food, do not drink tap water, and do not just drink water. Raw fruits and vegetables should be washed, peeled before eating fruit, do not eat wild fruit, wild vegetables, mushrooms and other wild food.
3, to wash your hands, especially before and after meals, the toilet must be washed clean.
4, do not eat snacks, always keep oral hygiene, so that you can grow hard, neat, white teeth.
5, in the purchase of food should carefully see the manufacturer, production date, shelf life.
6, home utensils are often disinfected, the kitchen should be sheltered from the wind to prevent mold.
7, do not eat the fruit of the orchard, there may be sprayed pesticides, so as to avoid poisoning
Fifth, drowning safety
1, do not privately in the seashore riverside, lakeside, riverside, reservoirs, ditches, ponds, play, catch up to prevent slipping into the water, there is a saying: nothing to do with the riverside walk, inevitably have to beat the feet of the wet time.
2, students are strictly prohibited from swimming in the water, especially primary and secondary school students must be accompanied by adults and bring a good life preserver.
3, it is strictly prohibited for primary and secondary school students to go out fishing, because fishing squatting in the water, the water's edge of the soil, sand and gravel for a long time by the water soaked, and become loose, and some of the water's edge for many years by the water soaked with a layer of moss, a step up on the water slipped into the water, even if not slipped into the water are at risk of being injured in the fall.
4, no adult accompanied by or with a life preserver, it is strictly prohibited to private gang boating.
5, to the park boating, or take the boat must be sitting, do not run in the boat, or in the boat side of the hand-washing, foot washing, especially in the boat do not rock, can not be overweight, so as to avoid the boat overturned or sinking.
6, in the boat, once encountered a special situation, must remain calm, listen to the command of the boat staff, can not rashly jump into the water. If there is someone drowning, more do not rush into the water to rescue.
7, encounter wind and rain, big waves or fog too big weather, the best not to sit on the boat, do not play on the boat.
8, if you accidentally slipped into the water, you should breathe, beat the water, shouting, people on the shore should immediately shout adults to rescue, and find nearby long branches, bamboo, grass and vines or something, easy to throw to the people caught in the water, if there is no adults to rescue, people on the shore should be shouted at the same time as the immediate shedding of clothes, belts, and pick them up and throw them to the people who fell into the water.
9, if the unfortunate drowning, when someone to rescue the body should be relaxed, so that the rescue of the person to hold the waist.
10, when their own special favorite things, fall into the water, do not rush to fish, but should find adults to help.
Six, fire prevention and self-help
1, especially common fire accidents: our life everywhere with fire, but fire and bring us a lot of harm, so we do not play with fire, usually do not carry lighters, matches, firecrackers.
2, many of our parents are smokers, students should especially remind parents not to lie in bed smoking, especially cigarette butts do not throw.
3, the use of electrical appliances to be careful, the use of fluorescent lamps, electric heaters, to keep a certain distance from combustible materials, do not use light bulbs, electric heaters baked clothes, hand towels and other things.
4, the use of mosquito coils should pay attention to, lighted mosquito coils on the metal plate, porcelain plate or concrete, brick floor, with the same into the attention away from combustible materials.
5, the use of fireplace to be careful, do not put combustible materials next to the stove, do not use the stove to bake clothes, if you want to bake, must be supervised.
6, the use of liquefied petroleum gas stove to pay attention to safety, ignition, to open the gas valve, and then use electronic ignition. After using, to close the valve, while paying special attention to cooking with liquefied petroleum gas, boiling water to concentrate on guarding, in order to waterproof the fire doused.
7, do not privately in the wild picnic, barbecue and other activities, in order to prevent triggering a fire.
8, do not in the densely populated, and there are oil depots, explosives, distilleries, chemical plants near the firecrackers and fireworks.
9, do not burn garbage, and at the same time do not put the burning cinders in the garbage, which is easy to burn and cause fire.
10, Qingming Festival, tomb sweeping should also pay special attention to incense and wax caused by fire.
11, home fires should be immediately on the ground, with a wet towel to cover the flame, and quickly cut off the source of fire.
12, if the frying pan is on fire, do not use water to extinguish the fire, and do not directly use your hands to end the pot, so as to avoid soup injuries, you should immediately cover the lid of the pot, or with sand, quilts, annihilation.
13, if the electrical appliances on fire, immediately pull the switch to cut off the electricity, with dry blankets and quilts to cover, do not use water to fight, because water is conductive.
14, the first thing in the event of a fire is to dial "119" to clarify the location of the fire.
15, do not panic, creeping along the wall, and use a wet towel to cover the mouth and nose, if the clothes on fire, can not blindly run, should be pounced on the ground to roll back and forth or jump into the water near.
16, if a fire in the theater, shopping malls and other public **** place, first of all, to remain calm, to identify the direction, do not crowded, blindly follow, do not go to the seat under the corner or under the counter drilling.
17, to learn to use fire extinguishers, commonly used dry powder fire extinguishers, the use of methods:
A, up and down shaking B, pull out the safety pin C, the nozzle tube toward the root of the flame D, press down the valve, the person from the fire is not too close to the people in the jet into a bow stand.
Seven, how to prevent accidental injury
1, learn common sense electricity, do not use hard objects in contact with the power supply, but also do not use a part of the human body in contact with the power supply to prevent electric shock
2, do not plug in, connect the power supply, in particular, do not wet your hands to plug the power plug.
3, to pay more attention to observe a variety of electrical appliances at home, plug sockets, wires, lights are broken, aging phenomenon, if there should be immediately tell the parents to correctly handle.
4, our primary and secondary school students do not play with electricity privately, especially when there is no one at home, be sure to turn off or unplug all the power.
5, all metal products are conductive, never use these tools directly in contact with the power supply.
6, do not use a wet hand towel to wipe the appliance, to prevent water from dripping into the chassis to cause a short circuit, so as to avoid electric shock.
7, in the school, school on the road, pay special attention to the roadside wires are off, see must avoid.
8, thunderstorms, do not stand under the tree to avoid rain, so as to avoid being struck by lightning.
9, the storm blew down the power lines, someone was unfortunately electrocuted, do not reach out to pull the electrocuted, the correct method is to use dry sticks and other insulated items, pick open the wires, and tell the adults, notify the relevant departments.
10, do not play on the stairs, especially when the building is crowded must walk on the right.
11, it is strictly prohibited in the staircase handrail railing down straight slip or chase running, stepping on the air or hit people may cause serious injury.
12, it is strictly prohibited to climb high or in the balcony guardrail to explore things, especially wipe the window do not explore the body outside the window.
13, it is strictly prohibited to shoot at people or street lamps, windows, glass with an imitation pistol, which will injure others and damage items.
14, lift the meal, open the water to prevent scalding, you should be careful, before using the pressure cooker at home, be sure to check whether the gas valve is smooth, open the lid to prevent steam burns, should be turned sideways to open in the other direction.
15, drink soup should also be careful, slow down a little to taste, try.
16, adults frying, do not stand in the frying pan side, in order to prevent the oil star splash burns.
17, but also pay special attention to some animals are poisonous, do not approach, such as toads, hornets, dogs, snakes and so on.
18, do not play in the construction site, more debris on the ground, it is easy to tie the feet, the building above may fall at any time brick and mortar head injury.
19, do not play in the base of the wood, oil drums, wooden boxes, etc., so as not to fall on the items pressed people.
20, do not play or play hide-and-seek next to the dangerous house, so as not to fall and hit.
21, do not talk to strangers, contact, and do not eat the food given to you by strangers.
22, do not run away from home, gambling with adults out of the house, let adults worry, but also to avoid meeting bad people.
23, don't play outside when you get home from school, you should go home first, and if there is something you need to go out, you should discuss it with your parents so that your family knows where you are going.
24, is strictly prohibited to enter the game room, Internet cafes, video halls, dance halls, so as to avoid contact with some bad people.
Eight, the teacher requirements:
1, safety education is everyone's responsibility, the teachers from the small things around them, prevention-oriented, education-oriented, found the first signs of danger timely education.
2, to understand the dynamics of students' thinking, the classes do a good job of difficult students' education files, do a good job of students' mental health counseling.
3, pay attention to the way and means of education, put an end to corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment.
4, found that the security risks, accidents and timely reporting