As the first manned spacecraft Shenzhou V only flew one day in space, the main landing site of the weather changes can be accurately predicted in time, and therefore have not been activated deputy landing site; Shenzhou VI spacecraft will fly in space for many days, the weather is difficult to accurately predict, so the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center will be activated as a back-up landing site. In order to prepare for the possible return of the spacecraft at any time, 13 landing sites have been set up on the ground***. In addition to the main and secondary landing sites at Siziwangqi in Inner Mongolia and the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, there are 11 emergency landing sites at home and abroad. The landing site system includes the main and secondary landing site subsystems, land emergency search and rescue subsystems, sea emergency search and rescue subsystems, communication subsystems and astronauts medical supervision and medical insurance subsystems of the five subsystems.
The equipment involved in astronaut SAR includes: search and rescue helicopters, search and rescue helicopters, search and recording helicopters, command and control vehicles, astronauts' medical supervision and medical insurance vehicles, engineering transportation vehicles, astronauts' transportation vehicles, return capsule cranes and small search vehicles.
In order to ensure the safety of God VI and the two astronauts home, the design of four giant parachutes. Return module in the landing process, at least one after another to open the guidance umbrella, deceleration umbrella, the main parachute *** 3 umbrellas, if necessary, but also open the fourth backup umbrella. Spacecraft return capsule parachute can be opened smoothly, directly related to the success or failure of the recovery. The main parachute can not be opened all at once, otherwise it will be blown by the high-speed airflow, the return capsule will also be broken. After the spacecraft landed, not everything is fine, if the huge parachute is blown by the wind drum, it may drag the return capsule to roll quickly. In order to plan for safety, the return capsule landing a moment, the astronauts issued a command, the cutter on the cabin will cut off the parachute rope harness, so that the parachute floats down alone, to ensure that the return capsule is not dragged away by the umbrella.
In addition, according to the Shenzhou V astronaut Yang Liwei's comments, in order to minimize the impact on the astronauts when landing on Shenzhou VI, the cabin astronauts' seats are also the first time to install the "empowered shock-absorbing cushion" - according to the different characteristics of the astronauts' shape and body of the body-made energy-absorbing cushion, can be quickly dispersed in the moment of impact, the human body stress to avoid injury. The cushion can quickly disperse the stress on the human body in the event of an impact, avoiding damage to the human body.
At 3:44 a.m. on October 17, 2005, the orbital module of the spacecraft was successfully separated from the return module, and at 3:45 a.m., the engines of the spacecraft were successfully ignited and began to return. At 4:07 a.m., the spacecraft's propulsion module was successfully separated from the return module, which reentered the Earth on its own.
During the landing, there was a point of light in the night sky at the main landing site of Siziwangqi, which was like a shooting star crossing the night sky. The return capsule passed through the atmosphere at 4:13, generating high temperatures, forming a communication black barrier area, once suspended contact with the control center for up to three minutes. At 4:20, the return capsule opened the main parachute, and slowly landed in the main landing site of Siziwangqi. At 4:33, the return capsule successfully landed, and the two astronauts, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, reported to the control center that they were safe, and the staff of the control center applauded and celebrated. About half an hour later, search and rescue helicopters first spotted the module, and the actual landing site was only 1 kilometer different from the expected one. After the staff opened the door of the return capsule, the medical staff examined the two astronauts and suggested that they could leave the capsule on their own.
Unlike Shenzhou 5 astronaut Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong first climbed out of the capsule on his own, wearing a space suit, and waved to the staff at the scene. Nie Haisheng also climbed out of the hatch, walked down the iron ladder. 2 people sat on a chair, accept the staff to offer flowers, and thank you for the care and love, Fei Junlong said, the space journey is very smooth, they work and live in the space capsule is very good, now the physical condition is good. 2 astronauts in space stayed 115.5 hours, Shenzhou 5 spacecraft flight time is more than 5 times, to create the longest time Chinese in space, successful. The two astronauts stayed in space for 115.5 hours, more than five times the flight time of Shenzhou V, making it the longest stay in space by a Chinese man. Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng were picked up by a helicopter after their return to the ground, followed by a special flight back to Beijing, where they were temporarily quarantined for 14 days.
Technical improvements
More than 40 pieces of equipment and six pieces of software were newly added to the spacecraft, bringing the spacecraft to more than 600 pieces of equipment, 82 pieces of software, and more than 100,000 pieces of components, and 110 technological improvements were made in four areas.
Improvements around the two-man, multi-day mission: the food cupboards were put to real use, and water for the astronauts was prepared in two ways, through water tanks and separate soft packs. The condensate tank was enlarged, and all exposed piping was labeled with absorbent material to ensure that the spacecraft humidity was kept below 80%.
Improvements in the functional use of the Orbital Module: Food warmers and utensils were placed. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns resting. There is also a special cleaning cabinet in the orbital module, in which astronauts can use warm wipes and other items for cleaning. The urine and feces collection device is also used for the first time.
Improvements to enhance the safety of astronauts: The seat cushion for astronauts was redesigned so that astronauts could see out the porthole after the seat was lifted before returning. A rapid automatic detection device for the hatch closure between the return module and the orbit module has been successfully developed. Developed a special rag, this cloth does not produce fiber, static electricity, odor, specifically for cleaning the hatch.
Continuous improvement: the "black box" is not only 100 times larger than the original storage capacity, and data writing and reading speed has increased by more than 10 times, but the volume is less than half of the original.