Beijing is located in the northern part of North China Plain, backed by Yanshan Mountains, and adjacent to Tianjin and Hebei Province. Beijing's climate is a typical semi-humid continental monsoon climate in the north temperate zone.
Beijing has a long history and splendid culture. It is one of the first national historical and cultural cities, one of the four ancient capitals in China, and the city with the most cultural heritage in the world. The 3060-year history of the city gave birth to the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Badaling Great Wall, the Summer Palace and many other places of interest. As early as 700,000 years ago, the primitive tribe "Beijingers" appeared in Zhoukoudian, Beijing.
In BC 1045, Beijing became the capital of thistle, swallow and other vassal states. Since 938, Beijing has successively become the capital of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and the capital of the early Republic of China.
topography
The mountainous area of Beijing is 10200 square kilometers, accounting for 62% of the total area, and the plain area is 6200 square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the total area. The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The average altitude in Beijing is 43.5 meters. The elevation of Beijing plain is 20 ~ 60m, and that of mountainous area is generally 1000 ~ 1500m.
West of Beijing is Xishan Mountain, which belongs to Taihang Mountain range. The northern and northeastern parts of Du Jun belong to the Yanshan Mountains. The highest mountain is Dongling Mountain in Mentougou District, western Beijing, with an altitude of 2303 meters. The lowest land is the southeast border of Tongzhou District. The two mountains intersect at Nanguan, forming a semicircle mountain bend spreading to the southeast, which is called "Beijing bend".
The small plain surrounded by it is the Beijing small plain. As the ancients said: "The land of Youzhou has the sea on the left, the Taihang Mountain on the right, the Yongjiang River in the north, the big river in the south and the land of abundance."
Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing