The scope of emergency medicine
Emergency medicine can include the following aspects:
(1) Pre-hospital first aid
Pre-hospital first aid Also called preliminary first aid, including on-site first aid and en route first aid. The first attacker at the scene first performed necessary preliminary first aid on the patient, such as manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation, removal of foreign matter from the respiratory tract, etc., then called for help from the emergency center (station) through the emergency phone, and waited for emergency medical personnel while performing uninterrupted on-site first aid. arrive. Pre-hospital medical first aid includes on-site first aid and en-route rescue performed by emergency medical technicians. It is a medical activity performed by professionally trained personnel. Its purpose is to maintain the patient's main vital signs and transport the patient to the hospital emergency department as quickly and smoothly as possible. room.
(2) Resuscitation
Resuscitation is the teaching of rescue medicine for cardiorespiratory arrest. Resuscitation can be roughly divided into three stages: ① Basic life support (BLS), Including airway control (A), artificial oxygenation and breathing (B), and cardiac resuscitation (C); ②Advanced life support (ALS), the purpose of which is to restore spontaneous circulation, including the use of resuscitation drugs and fluids (D), Electrocardiogram diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmia (E), electric defibrillation (F); ③ Extended life support (PLS), mainly cerebral resuscitation. Specifically, the main research is on how to promptly restore spontaneous circulation and promote heart re-beat after cardiac arrest; promptly establish a respiratory channel; rationally use epinephrine; early and correct use of electric defibrillation; do not apply respiratory stimulants early: "Nicotinamide" "Don't use alkali", use sodium bicarbonate correctly; actively prevent and treat "reperfusion injury"; and strengthen brain resuscitation, etc.
(3) Critical care medicine
As an important part of emergency medicine, critical care medicine is defined as specially trained medical staff equipped with advanced monitoring equipment and first aid equipment. Complex complications (such as acute organ damage) secondary to a variety of serious diseases or trauma are comprehensively monitored and treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).
(4) Disaster Medicine
Disasters occur suddenly. While causing damage to the ecological environment, they also injure a large number of people. How to organize rescue effectively and quickly, reduce casualties, and prevent the occurrence and epidemic of acute infectious diseases, that is, the study of post-disaster medical first aid and disaster prevention related medicine, is called disaster medicine. Disaster medicine involves all clinical medicine and preventive medicine.
(5) Traumatology
The principle of severe trauma treatment is early treatment, first "rescue" and then "investigation". In addition to the treatment and recovery of trauma itself, the research scope of traumatology also increasingly focuses on how to prevent the occurrence of trauma.
(6) Toxicology and acute poisoning
The research, diagnosis and treatment of various types of acute poisoning are important contents of emergency medicine. How to diagnose, treat and prevent is an important part of this discipline. It often involves occupational diseases, toxicology, forensic medicine and other multi-disciplinary contents. It is an emerging and rapidly developing clinical discipline.
(7) Emergency Medical Management
How to organize the first aid network, establish an effective modern emergency call and communication system, research and equip various rescue equipment and equipment to rescue the sick and wounded Transportation, standardized training of emergency first aid professionals, etc. are all contents of emergency medical management