Safety protection technology
1. Reasonable design of process flow Reasonable design of process flow, improve the production equipment and operating methods is to improve the high temperature working conditions of the fundamental measures. Such as continuous casting of steel, steel rolling, casting, enameling and other production automation, can make workers away from the heat source, while reducing labor intensity.
2. Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent heat radiation. You can use water or thermal conductivity of small materials for thermal insulation, especially the best thermal insulation effect of water, the specific heat of water, can maximize the absorption of radiant heat.
3. Ventilation cooling, natural ventilation. Any house can be through the windows and doors, gaps for natural ventilation, high-temperature workshops rely only on this way is not enough, heat, heat source dispersion of high-temperature workshop, the hourly need to change the air more than 30-50 times, in order to make the residual heat discharged in a timely manner, at this time it is necessary to air inlet and outlet configured in a very reasonable manner.
Safety measures
1. supply of drinks and nutritional supplementation of high-temperature workers should be supplemented with water and salt equal to the amount of sweat. The best way to replenish water and salt is to supply salty drinks. Generally, each person is supplied with 3.5L of water and about 20g of salt per day. If the amount of sweat is less than 4L in an 8-hour workday, it is sufficient to take 15-18g of salt per day from food, not necessarily from beverages. If you sweat more than that, you need to supplement your salt intake with food and beverages.
2. Personal protection of high-temperature workers' work clothes, should be heat-resistant, thermal conductivity of small and breathable fabrics made of good performance. Prevent radiant heat, available white canvas or aluminum foil made of overalls. Work clothes should be wide and does not hinder the operation. In addition, according to the needs of different operations, the supply of work hats, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers, leg protection and other personal protection products.
3. Strengthen the medical preventive work on high temperature workers should be pre-employment and into the summer before the physical examination.
2. Hot work, the most scientific and healthy cooling methods
How to avoid heat stroke in the summer hot work in the hot environment engaged in operations, commonly known as hot work.
According to the characteristics of the meteorological conditions of the workplace, the medical high temperature work is divided into three types: High temperature strong radiation work. Such as the metallurgical industry, coking, iron and other workshops, machinery manufacturing industry, casting, forging and other workshops, ceramics, enamel, brick and tile industry, such as the kiln workshop.
High temperature and high humidity operations. Seen in the printing and dyeing, reeling, papermaking and other industries in the liquid heating or steaming, damp deep mine, etc..
The warm environment is more difficult to evaporate and dissipate heat, easy to heat stroke. Summer open-air work.
Summer agricultural labor, construction, handling, open-air traffic management and other operations. Although the intensity of heat radiation in this operating environment is lower than the high temperature workshop, but the duration of its role is longer, and the head is often subjected to direct sunlight, coupled with rising temperatures before and after noon, at this time, such as labor intensity is too large, the human body is very easy to excessive heat storage and heat stroke.
In addition, summer labor in the field, because of the tall, densely planted crops blocking the airflow, often because of the wind and feel hot and uncomfortable, if you do not take measures to prevent heatstroke, but also prone to heatstroke. The impact of high temperature on the human body; high temperature can make operators feel hot, dizziness, panic, annoyance, thirst, weakness, fatigue, heat stroke and other discomforts, there are a series of changes in physiological function: 1, thermoregulatory disorders.
Thermoregulation is mainly affected by meteorological conditions and labor intensity of two factors. Under the action of blood circulation, sweat secretion and the nervous system, body temperature can generally be controlled and kept within a small fluctuation range.
However, the body's thermoregulatory ability has a certain limit, when the body heat gain and heat production is greater than the heat dissipation, it will make the body heat storage continues to increase, so that the body temperature is significantly higher. 2, a lot of water and salt loss.
It can cause water and salt metabolic balance disorders, resulting in the body's acid-base balance and osmotic pressure imbalance. 3, the heart rhythm pulse accelerated.
Skin vasodilatation and increased vascular tension, aggravating the burden on the heart, blood pressure drops. However, blood pressure may also increase during heavy physical labor.
4. Decreased blood flow in the digestive tract. Reduced secretion of saliva and gastric juice, reduced acidity of gastric juice, decreased amylase activity, weakened gastrointestinal peristalsis, resulting in increased indigestion and other gastrointestinal disorders.
Thirst causes the drinking center to be excited will also inhibit appetite. 5, the body's water under high-temperature conditions is mainly discharged through the sweat glands.
Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decreased, the amount of urine significantly reduced, if not timely supplementation of water, can make the urine concentrated, the burden on the kidneys increased, and may even lead to renal insufficiency, protein in the urine, red blood cells, etc.. 6, the nervous system can appear central nervous system inhibition.
Attention and muscle working ability, accuracy and coordination of movement and reaction speed is reduced, easy to work accidents. A series of physiological changes occurring in the high temperature environment exceeds the normal regulatory function of the body and can lead to heat stroke.
Prevention of heat stroke in high-temperature work; protection of high-temperature work includes improving working conditions and good staff health care. Improve working conditions.
Can start from four aspects. One is to reform the process, control high temperature, heat radiation generation and impact, reduce labor intensity.
The second is the rational arrangement and evacuation of heat sources. Third, heat insulation, you can use thermal insulation materials, water and air as a heat insulation layer.
Fourth, ventilation and cooling, in addition to natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation can choose fans, spray fans, centralized comprehensive or local cooling air supply system. Improve health care.
Reasonable health care measures can improve the physical condition of high-temperature workers, improve work efficiency, prevent heat stroke and other accidents, and reduce the long-term effects of high temperature on the body. 1, strengthen health supervision.
In addition to pre-employment physical examination, before the summer and summer, to dynamically observe the health of high-temperature workers, found that there are contraindications to high-temperature employment, should be promptly transferred from the workplace. 2, strengthen personal protection.
Work clothes should be wide, lightweight and does not interfere with the operation, it is appropriate to use a strong texture, heat resistance, thermal conductivity is small, good air permeability, and can reflect heat radiation fabric. According to the needs of different operations, equipped with a working cap, protective glasses, gloves, shoes, leg protection and other personal protective equipment.
Summer open-air workers should be equipped with wide-brimmed straw hats, sunshade and heat insulation cap or ventilation cooling cap to prevent sun exposure. 3, adjust the work and rest system.
The hot season can be adjusted according to the situation of labor rest system, as far as possible to shorten the duration of labor. Such as the implementation of the rotation system, increase the number of breaks, extend the lunch break.
Should be set up in the workplace near the workplace rest room or pergola, configured with seating, water supply equipment, fans and half-body shower device, etc., rest room temperature should be below 30 degrees Celsius. In the summer to ensure adequate sleep and rest time, to prevent heat stroke is of great significance.
4, a reasonable supply of health drinks. To replenish water and salt in a timely manner, the exact amount depends on the amount of sweating and the amount of salt in the food.
In general, each person should be supplemented with at least 3. 5 liters of water per day, supplemental salt about 20 grams.
You can drink a small amount of salt water many times, each time you drink one or two teacups of good, do not drink too much too fast, which can reduce sweat discharge, and is conducive to increasing the diet. Salt water to every 500 grams of water with salt 1 gram or so appropriate, in addition, you can also choose salt tea, salty green bean soup, salty vegetable soup and salt water, etc., beverage preparation, cooling, transportation and supply must be added *** hygiene management, to prevent contamination, the temperature of the drink 15-20 degrees Celsius is appropriate.
5, strengthen nutrition. Labor in a high temperature environment, energy and protein consumption are more, so should eat high calorie, high protein, high vitamin diet, the total calories should be higher than the average personnel about 15%, 3300-3500 kcal per day for medium physical laborers, 4000-4500 kcal per day for heavy physical laborers.
In the daily diet should have a certain proportion of high nutritional value of animal and plant proteins, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, pay attention to the supplementation of vitamin A, B1, B2, C and other water-soluble vitamins and potassium, calcium, magnesium and other minerals.
3. What to pay attention to every day in the high temperature work
Every day in the high temperature environment to pay attention to the following matters:
1, to drink more water, and to drink water on a regular basis, do not wait for the thirst and then drink, thirsty, should not be wildly drink. You can drink chrysanthemum tea to cool down and wake up. Should drink less juice, soda and other beverages, which contains more saccharin and electrolytes, drink more will produce adverse gastrointestinal ***, affecting digestion and appetite.
2, should not drink too much alcohol. The human body in the summer by the temperature is very easy to accumulate heat and dampness, and dampness and heat is the cause of skin sores and canker sores, if a large number of drinking white wine, more will help heat and moisture, is like pouring oil on the fire.
3, eat more meals, the diet should not be too light. Sweat more, consume a lot, should be appropriate to eat more chicken, duck, lean meat, fish, eggs and other nutritious food to meet the body's metabolic needs. Eat more seasonal vegetables, lettuce, cucumber, tomatoes and other high water content; fresh fruit, such as peaches, apricots, watermelon, melon and other water content of 80 to 90%, can be used to replenish water.
4, try to take a lunch break, but not too long. Nap time is too long, the central nervous system will deepen the inhibition, the relative reduction of blood flow in the brain will slow down the metabolic process, resulting in waking up after the body uncomfortable and more sleepy.
5. Prevent heatstroke, prepare heatstroke medicine, once heatstroke can drink some patchouli water or patchouli soft capsule.
4. How to prevent occupational diseases caused by high temperature
Types of high-temperature work
① high-temperature and strong heat radiation work: characterized by high temperatures, high intensity of heat radiation, low relative humidity, the formation of a dry and hot environment, this type of workplace have a strong source of radiant heat, the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures can be up to 10 ℃ or more, to convective heat and radiant heat in the human body. ② high-temperature and high humidity operations: the meteorological characteristics of this type of operating environment is characterized by high temperature and humidity, and weak thermal radiation. Mainly due to the production process generates a lot of water vapor or production requirements to maintain a high relative humidity in the workshop. ③ Summer open-air work: construction, handling and other open-air work, in addition to the radiation effect of the sun, but also to accept the heated ground and the surrounding objects emit radiant heat.
Why do people get heat stroke?
Operating in a high-temperature environment, the body receives convective and radiant heat from the high humidity environment, coupled with labor and high-temperature environment to increase the metabolic heat production, far more than the body's heat dissipation. If this vicious process continues to develop, the human body through a series of thermoregulation or can not maintain the body's thermal balance, resulting in excessive body heat storage. At the same time, due to a large number of sweating lead to dehydration, salt loss, and thus the occurrence of heat stroke.
Treatment of heatstroke patients
After the discovery of heatstroke patients, first of all, the patient should be removed from the hot working environment, to the well-ventilated shade place to rest, undressing, giving salt-containing cool drinks. If necessary, you can scrape the annoyance therapy or acupuncture Hegu, Quchi, Commission in the middle, Baihui, Renzhong and other points. If there is dizziness, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, the Chinese medicine Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Jiu can be used; such as respiratory and circulatory failure, glucose saline intravenous drip, and can be injected with respiratory and circulatory central stimulants.
How to prevent heat stroke?
① Reasonable arrangement of heat sources, the heat source outside the workshop or away from the location of the workers' operations, the use of heat pressure-based natural ventilation, should be arranged under the skylight; the use of ventilation through the wind plant, should be arranged in the downwind side of the dominant wind direction.
② insulation, is a simple and effective way to reduce heat radiation.
③ Strengthen ventilation, accelerate air convection, reduce the ambient temperature, in order to facilitate the dissemination of body heat.
④ Strengthen personal protection, rational organization of production, such as wearing white, breathable, small thermal conductivity of the canvas coveralls; at the same time, adjust the working time, as far as possible to avoid the heat at noon, extend the lunch break. The company's main goal is to provide the best quality products and services to its customers.
Drinks to add salt
High-temperature environment labor, the body in order to dissipate heat, often a lot of sweat. Sweating makes the body lose a lot of water and salt, mainly sodium salt and part of the potassium salt, the general sweat containing sodium chloride 0.1-0.35%. Ordinary high-temperature workers labor 8 hours sweat 4-8 liters, the loss of salt about 15-20 grams. Therefore, high-temperature workers should not only timely supplemental water, but also timely supplemental salt, in order to maintain the normal function of the body, which is the reason for adding salt in the cool drink. Usually can contain salt 0.1-0.2% to prepare cool drinks for workers to drink.
5. Processing workshop what occupational health knowledge
4.4 Workplace risk control measures 4.4.1 Occupational disease hazards should be in line with the intensity or concentration of national occupational health standards Occupational exposure limit value is the exposure limit value of occupational disease hazards refers to the workers in the process of occupational activities in the process of long-term repeated exposure to the majority of the exposed person does not cause harmful effects on the health of the permissible exposure level occupational disease hazards. The permissible level of exposure to the intensity or concentration of occupational disease hazards should be consistent with the requirements of GBZ2.1 and GBZ2.2.
4.4.2 Reasonable production layout The production layout should be in accordance with the provisions of GBZ1, as far as possible to consider mechanization, automation and remote operation, strengthen the confinement, avoid direct operation. And should be combined with the production process to take appropriate protective measures.
The production layout should include the overall layout and the layout of the production process equipment in the workshop. The overall layout includes plane layout and vertical layout.
Plane layout of the plant or workshop, should focus on the premise of meeting the needs of the main project. The serious pollution hazard facilities away from non-polluting facilities. Noise level of high workshop and low workshop separate, hot processing workshop and cold processing workshop separate, produce dust workshop and produce poisonous workshop separate, and produce occupational disease hazards in the workshop and other workshops and living areas set up a certain health protection between the green belt plant for the multi-storey building vertical arrangement, heat dissipation and harmful gases of the production operations should be arranged in the building's upper floors; noise and vibration of strong Equipment should be placed on the ground floor; containing volatile gases, vapors, wastewater discharge pipeline can not pass through the instrumentation control room and rest rooms and other living rooms under the ground. Workshop production process equipment layout should focus on achieving dust, poison, heat, cold, noise and vibration, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation and other requirements.
4.4.3 Harmful and non-harmful operations are separated Workplaces that generate dust and poisonous substances, the arrangement of the source of its occurrence should meet the following requirements: when the production process of escaping different toxic substances is arranged in the same building, the toxic operations and the less toxic operations should be separated, and non-toxic operations and toxic operations should be separated; the source of dust and poisonous substances should be arranged in the natural ventilation of the workplace downwind side; if it is arranged in a multi-layered production process, the source should be arranged in the workplace natural ventilation. The source of dust and poison should be arranged in the downwind side of the natural ventilation of the workplace; if it is arranged in a multi-storey building, the production process of fugitive hazardous gases should be arranged in the upper floor of the building. If it is necessary to arrange in the lower floor, effective measures should be taken to prevent contamination of the upper floor. Should take effective measures to prevent contamination of the upper air.
Non-toxic and toxic operations can be separated from toxic operations by means of confinement, piping, or toxic operations are confined to a separate operating room, and ventilation and purification of toxic gases out of the way. 4.4.4 Acute occupational injuries may occur in toxic, hazardous workplaces set alarm devices Acute occupational injuries may occur in toxic, hazardous workplaces, refers to the possibility of poison, strong corrosive substances, *** sexual substances leakage of acute hazards to the lives and health of workers in the workplace.
The toxic and hazardous substances that may cause acute occupational injuries refer to those that are acutely toxic, have a strong *** effect and/or are hazardous, or that may produce *** effects in a short period of time, chronic or irreversible tissue damage, or anesthesia sufficient to increase the possibility of accidental injuries affecting the ability to save eyes and reduce the efficiency of the workplace. Specific toxic and hazardous substances are determined with reference to the "Catalog of Highly Toxic Substances" and GBZ2.1.
The above alarm devices must be certified by the relevant departments and the corresponding system should be set up, with responsibilities in place and someone in charge of the pre-shift and regular inspections, and timely maintenance to ensure that the alarm devices can operate normally. 4.4.5 Toxic and hazardous workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur are equipped with on-site first-aid supplies. The on-site first-aid supplies include personal occupational disease protection supplies used by first-aiders in the event of accidents, such as air-carrying respirators, fully enclosed chemical protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes and boots, etc.: as well as first-aid supplies required for rescuing the rescued person, such as one-way valve masks, on-site hemostatic supplies, heat-control and cooling products, and supplies for giving blood to the victim. The first aid supplies required for the rescued person, such as artificial respiration, one-way valve protective mask, on-site hemostatic supplies, anti-sunstroke supplies, oxygenator, with special needs can be equipped with first aid car, protection of small medicine box.
The configuration of first aid supplies should be based on the need for on-site protection, under the guidance of professionals to consider the production conditions, the physical and chemical properties of chemical substances and dosage. First aid supplies should be stored in the workshop or near the workshop, once the accident. It should be guaranteed to be accessible within 10 seconds.
First aid supplies should be stored in a conspicuous location with warning signs to ensure that workers know. Workers should be taught how to use the first aid supplies.
The above on-site first-aid supplies should be safe and effective, and a corresponding management system should be set up with responsibilities in place, someone in charge, daily inspection, and timely maintenance or updating to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the on-site first-aid supplies. 4.4.6 Acute occupational injuries may occur in toxic, hazardous workplaces equipped with flushing equipment flushing equipment mainly refers to the eye washer, mobile faucet and shower equipment in the skin and mucous membranes may occur or eye burn money, corrosive, *** sexual chemical substances in the workplace should be equipped with the above flushing equipment, with special emphasis on flushing equipment should be taken conveniently and does not interfere with the work, to ensure that in the event of an accident. Workers can be rinsed within 10 seconds.
The water used for flushing should be safe and flowing. The place where the flushing equipment is installed should be clearly labeled and easy to find.
The above flushing equipment should be guaranteed to work properly, and a corresponding management system should be established, with responsibilities in place, someone in charge, daily inspections and timely maintenance. 4.4.7 Toxic and hazardous workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur should be equipped with emergency evacuation routes Emergency routes should be kept open, emergency lighting facilities should be set up, and obvious warning signs should be set up at conspicuous locations.
The width of the evacuation channel should be set up according to the needs, such as the need for vehicles, stretchers, the width should be able to ensure that the vehicle, stretcher smooth passage. The corresponding management system should be established, the responsibility is in place, someone is responsible for regular checks to ensure that the emergency channel is smooth.
4.4.8 Acute occupational injury may occur in the toxic, hazardous workplace configuration of the necessary relief zone According to the production conditions, the physical and chemical properties of the chemicals used and the amount of consideration of the relief zone set the location, size and selection of materials. Danger zone can not exist around the discharge of toxic and hazardous substances may be discharged into the danger zone flammable, explosive and other chemical reaction substances around the danger zone should not be selected materials react with the discharge of hazardous substances, leaking substances and rinse water should be included in the industrial wastewater treatment system.
Should be set up in a conspicuous position around the perilous area of the obvious warning signs and warning instructions in Chinese. Regular leakage should be in the Chinese warning instructions to explain the time of regular leakage, the substances leaked and precautions; accidental leakage should be.
6. How to prevent occupational hazards of high temperature
Safety protection technology Reasonable design of the process Reasonable design of the process, improve the production equipment and operating methods is to improve the labor conditions of high-temperature operations of the fundamental measures.
Such as continuous casting of steel, rolling, casting, enameling and other production automation, can make workers away from the heat source, while reducing labor intensity. 2. 2. Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent heat radiation.
You can use water or thermal conductivity of small materials for thermal insulation, especially water insulation effect is the best, the specific heat of water, can maximize the absorption of radiant heat. 3. 3. Ventilation cooling, natural ventilation.
Any house can be through the windows and doors, gaps in natural ventilation, high-temperature workshop only rely on this way is not enough, heat, heat source dispersion of high-temperature workshop, the need to change the air 30-50 times an hour or more, in order to make the residual heat in a timely manner, at this time it is necessary to air inlet and outlet configured in a very reasonable manner. Safety precautions Supply drinks and supplemental nutrition for high-temperature workers should be supplemented with water and salt equal to the amount of sweat.
The best way to replenish water and salt is to supply salty drinks. Generally, each person is supplied with 3.5L of water and about 20g of salt per day.
When sweating less than 4L in an 8-hour workday, 15-18g of salt per day can be consumed from food, not necessarily from drinks. If you sweat more than that, you need to supplement salt from beverages in addition to food.
2. Personal protection of high-temperature workers' work clothes, should be heat-resistant, thermal conductivity of small and breathable fabrics made of good performance. To prevent radiant heat, available white canvas or aluminum foil made of coveralls.
Work clothes should be wide and does not hinder the operation. In addition, according to the needs of different operations, the supply of work hats, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers, leg protection and other personal protection products.
3. Strengthen the medical preventive work on high temperature workers should be pre-employment and into the summer before the physical examination.
7. high temperature occupational hazards of protective measures which
1. reasonable design process reasonable design process, improve the production equipment and operating methods is to improve the labor conditions of high temperature work fundamental measures. Such as continuous casting of steel, steel rolling, casting, enameling and other production automation, can keep workers away from heat sources, while reducing labor intensity. The arrangement of the heat source should meet the following requirements: ① as far as possible to be arranged outside the workshop; ② the use of heat pressure-based natural ventilation, as far as possible to be arranged under the skylight; ③ the use of natural ventilation mainly through the wind, as far as possible to be arranged in the downwind side of the prevailing wind direction in summer; ④ to take thermal insulation measures for the heat source; ⑤ to make it easy to use the cooling measures at the workplace, the heat source can be set up between the partition wall (plate), so that the hot air along the partition wall up, through the skylight discharge, so as not to spread the hot air, so that the heat source will not be used for the heat source. The hot air can be discharged through the skylight to avoid spreading to the whole workshop. Hot products and semi-finished products should be transported out of the workshop in time or stacked on the downwind side.
2. Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent heat radiation. You can use water or thermal conductivity of small materials for thermal insulation, especially water insulation effect is best, the specific heat of water is large, can maximize the absorption of radiant heat.
3. Ventilation and cooling ① natural ventilation any house can be through the windows and doors, gaps in the natural ventilation, high temperature workshop only rely on this way is not enough, heat, heat source dispersed high-temperature room,
4. supply of beverages and nutritional supplementation of high-temperature workers should be supplemented with the amount of sweat equal to the amount of water and salt. The best way to replenish water and salt is to supply salty drinks.
5. Personal protection of high temperature workers' work clothes should be made of heat-resistant, low thermal conductivity and good air permeability fabrics. To prevent radiant heat, available white canvas or aluminum foil made of overalls. Work clothes should be wide and not hinder operation. In addition, according to the needs of different operations, the supply of working caps, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers, leg protection and other personal protective equipment.
Special high-temperature operation workers, such as furnace lining hot repair, cleaning ladle and other types of work, in order to prevent the role of intense heat radiation, must wear high-temperature heat insulation clothing/category-146 heat shield and wear heat insulation, flame retardant, ventilation of the heat clothing, such as spraying the metal (copper, silver) of the heat shield, aluminum film heat insulation clothing, etc..
6. Strengthen the medical preventive work on high-temperature work workers should be pre-employment and pre-summer physical examination. Anyone who has cardiovascular system organic disease, vascular diastolic dysfunction, persistent hypertension, ulcer disease, active tuberculosis, emphysema, liver, kidney disease, obvious endocrine diseases (such as hyperthyroidism), central nervous system organic disease, allergic skin scars, recovery from serious illnesses, and the frail, should not be engaged in high-temperature operations.
8. How to prevent heat stroke to the workshop workers
The first method, strengthen the natural ventilation cooling:
Specific approach is to open the workshop original ventilation doors and windows, the use of natural wind outside the workshop through the windows and doors into the natural flow of air in the process of natural flow of high temperature inside the workshop to take away by the way, reduce the amount of high temperature in the workshop to gather, on the area of the small, doors and windows, good natural ventilation conditions of this workshop, this is a good way to prevent heat stroke. Natural ventilation conditions of the workshop this method is very effective, for an area of more than 300 square meters, natural ventilation conditions are not good workshop, the effect is relatively poor, the advantage is to save money.
The second method, the installation of negative-pressure fans, high-temperature air:
The specific approach is to produce high temperatures from the source of the nearest wall or roof installation of negative-pressure fans, when the negative-pressure fan energized to work, the use of negative-pressure fans, large volume of air pumping outside the negative pressure generated by the air exhaust, the rapid high-temperature air in the workshop along with the airflow excluded from the workshop, and at the same time to introduce the external fresh and clean air into the workshop, this method is suitable for the workshop, the workshop, the workshop, the workshop, the workshop, the workshop, the workshop and the airflow. Air into the workshop, this method is suitable for large areas, natural ventilation conditions are not good workshop, the advantage of dealing with the workshop cooling faster, more thorough, but also easier to implement.
The third method, workshop installation of environmental protection air conditioning plus air ducts:
The specific approach is to install environmental protection air conditioning outside the workshop walls, can be transported through the pipeline to the cold air to the workshop on the workshop blowing cooling, can be through the pipeline to each workstation cooling.
9. high temperature occupational disease which kinds of ah
1, heat shot disease: due to the body heat production and heat more than heat dissipation, caused by the body heat storage, resulting in thermoregulatory dysfunction. It is the most serious kind of heat stroke, critical condition, high mortality.
Typical symptoms are: acute hyperthermia, anal temperature often above 41 ℃, dry skin, heat and no sweat, with varying degrees of impaired consciousness, severe patients may have liver and kidney function abnormalities.
2, heat cramps: is due to the imbalance of water and electrolyte balance.
Clinical manifestations are characterized by obvious muscle spasms so that there is contraction pain, spasms are symmetrical, light cases do not affect the work, heavy cases of spasms are very dramatic, the patient is conscious, body temperature is normal.
3, heat exhaustion: heat-induced peripheral vasodilatation and massive water loss resulting in a decrease in circulating blood volume, intracranial blood supply is insufficient and lead to morbidity.
The main clinical manifestations are: dizziness, headache, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, sweating, followed by fainting, a brief drop in blood pressure, generally does not cause circulatory failure, body temperature is not high.
Expanded information:
High-temperature work protection measures:
1, improve working conditions, equipped with protective facilities, equipment.
Water insulation: commonly used methods are water tanks or circulating water furnace doors, waterfall water curtains and so on.
Use of insulation materials: commonly used materials are asbestos, slag, grass ash, foam bricks and so on. In the lack of water supply factories and small and medium-sized enterprises to take this method is the best.
Use of natural ventilation: such as skylights, open-type factories, and can also be installed on the roof hood.
Mechanical ventilation: such as fans, post air supply, installation of air conditioning equipment.
2, strengthen personal protection
High-temperature work personal protective equipment: should be used strong, heat-resistant, breathable fabrics made of overalls, and according to the needs of different operations, the supply of work hats, protective glasses, masks and so on. Such as blast furnace work types, must wear a heat mask and wear heat insulation, ventilation performance is good heat clothing.
3, plus *** health care and health supervision
From the perspective of prevention, we must do a good job of high temperature workers before employment and summer before the physical examination, where there are cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases, digestive diseases and other high temperature contraindications, generally should not be engaged in high-temperature operations, should be given appropriate prevention and treatment.