The so-called ineffective operation refers to the loading and unloading activities in excess of the necessary loading and unloading, handling the amount of work. Obviously, the prevention and elimination of ineffective operation on the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations have an important role. In order to effectively prevent and eliminate ineffective operation, from the following aspects:
1. minimize the number of loading and unloading
To make the number of loading and unloading is reduced to a minimum, to avoid the effect of the logistics of loading and unloading operations.
2. Improve the purity of the material to be loaded and unloaded
The purity of the material, refers to the material contains water, impurities and the material itself, the use of the material has nothing to do with the number of substances. The higher the purity of the material is the more effective degree of loading and unloading operations. Conversely, the ineffective operation will increase.
3. Packaging should be appropriate
Packaging is an indispensable means of auxiliary operations in logistics. Packaging lightweight, simple, practical will reduce the role of different degrees of packaging on the invalid labor.
4. Shorten the distance of handling operations
Materials in the loading and unloading, handling, to achieve horizontal and vertical displacement in both directions, choose the shortest route to complete this activity, you can avoid exceeding the shortest route above the invalid labor. The so-called loading and unloading, handling flexibility refers to the ease of loading and unloading operations in the material for loading and unloading operations. Therefore, when stacking goods, prior consideration should be given to the ease of loading and unloading operations of materials.
The flexibility of loading and unloading, handling, according to the state of the material, that is, the ease of loading and unloading of materials, handling, can be divided into different levels.
Level 0 - the state of the material stacked haphazardly on the ground.
1 level - the state of the material boxed or bundled.
Level 2 - the state of boxes or bundled materials with sleepers or other padding underneath to facilitate forklift or other
machinery operations.
Level 3 - the material is placed on a dolly or hooked with a crane hook, the state of immediate movement.
Level 4 - the state in which the material being loaded, unloaded, or handled, has been started and is in immediate operation.
Theoretically, the higher the activity index, the better, but the possibility of implementation must also be taken into account. For example, the material in the storage stage, the activity index of 4 conveyor belt and the activity index of 3 vehicles, in the general warehouse is rarely used, this is because of the large quantities of materials can not be stored on the conveyor belt and the vehicle's sake.
In order to illustrate and analyze the degree of flexibility of material handling, the average activity index method is usually used. This method is a logistics process of material with the activity of the situation, cumulative calculation of its average value, expressed in "6". 6 value of the size of the signal to determine the change in the handling mode. Such as:
When δ<0.5, means that more than half of the analyzed handling system is in the state of the activity index is 0, that is, most of the bulk in the case of the improvement of the way to use bins, trolleys, etc. to store materials.
When O.5<δ<1.3, most of the material is in the state of assembly, and its improvement can be used forklift and power moving car.
When 1.3<δ<2.3, loading and unloading, handling system is mostly in the activity index of 2, can be used to unitize the continuous loading and unloading of materials and transportation.
When δ>2.7, most of the material is in the state of the activity index of 3, the improvement method can be selected trailer, locomotive head trailer loading, unloading and transportation.
The activity of loading and unloading handling analysis, in addition to the above index analysis method, can also be used to analyze the activity of the map method. Analysis of the map method is a logistics process through the diagram to indicate the degree of loading and unloading, handling activity, and has a clear intuitive performance, so that a clear, weak links are easy to be found and improved. The use of activity analysis chart method is usually divided into three steps:
The first step, drawing loading and unloading handling map;
The second step, according to the order of handling operations to make the material activity index changes in the map, and calculate the activity index;
The third step, the shortcomings of the loading and unloading handling operations to analyze and improve the improvement of the improvement of the design chart, calculate the activity index after improvement. The loading and unloading handling makes the materials to be displaced vertically and horizontally, which must be realized by doing work, and it is necessary to try our best to realize the labor-saving of loading and unloading operation.
In loading and unloading operations should be eliminated as far as possible the adverse effects of gravity. Under the condition of using gravity for loading and unloading, can reduce labor intensity and energy consumption. Will be equipped with a power of small transport belt (board) inclined on the van, truck or station for loading and unloading, so that the material in the inclined conveyor belt (board) on the move, this loading and unloading is by gravity of the horizontal component of the completion of the force. In the handling operation, do not have to move by hand, but the material is placed on 1 car, by the apparatus to bear the weight of the object, people only need to overcome the rolling resistance, so that the material moves horizontally, which is undoubtedly very labor-saving.
The use of gravity type mobile shelves is also a use of gravity for labor-saving loading and unloading one of the ways. Gravity shelves of each layer of the grid have a certain degree of inclination, the use of cargo boxes or pallets can be slid along the inclined shelves themselves to the conveyor machinery. In order to make the material sliding resistance is as small as possible, usually the shelf surface are processed very smooth, or in the shelf layer is equipped with rollers, but also in the load bearing materials under the box or pallet mounted on the rollers, so that the sliding friction into the rolling friction, the material movement by the resistance will be smaller. Material handling equipment using the organization is to complete the task of loading and unloading for the purpose of improving the productivity of loading and unloading equipment, loading and unloading quality and reduce the cost of loading and unloading operations as the center of the technical organization of activities. It includes the following:
1. Determine the amount of loading and unloading tasks. According to the logistics plan, economic contract, the uneven degree of loading and unloading operations, the number of loading and unloading, loading and unloading time frame, to determine the annual, quarterly, monthly, daily average loading and unloading tasks. The amount of loading and unloading tasks have pre-determined factors, there are also temporary changes in the possibility. Therefore, to rationalize the use of loading and unloading equipment, it is necessary to plan the amount of tasks and the actual amount of loading and unloading operations between the two gaps to the minimum level. At the same time, the organization of loading and unloading operations will also be the object of loading and unloading operations of the material varieties, quantities, specifications, quality indicators, as well as the handling distance to make as much as possible detailed planning.
2. According to the task of loading and unloading and loading and unloading equipment productivity, to determine the number of loading and unloading handling equipment and technical characteristics.
3. According to the task of loading and unloading, loading and unloading equipment productivity and the number of units required, the preparation of loading and unloading operations schedule. It usually includes: loading and unloading handling equipment operating schedule, order of operation, load and other details.
4. Issued by the loading and unloading progress plan, labor force and work shifts.
5. Statistics and analysis of the results of loading and unloading operations, evaluation of the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations.
With the development of productivity, the degree of mechanization of loading and unloading will continue to improve. In addition, because of the mechanization of loading and unloading can be liberated from the heavy physical labor of workers. Especially for dangerous goods loading and unloading operations, mechanization can ensure the safety of people and goods, but also the degree of mechanization of loading and unloading to improve the driving force. In the process of loading and unloading operations, according to different types of materials, nature, shape, weight to determine the different ways of loading and unloading operations. Handling of material handling methods have three forms: ordinary packaging materials one by one for loading and unloading, called "block processing"; will be pellet-like material without adding a small package and as is loading and unloading, called "bulk processing"; will be the material to the pallet, containers, container bags for Unit for the combination of loading and unloading, called "containerized processing". For packaging materials, as far as possible, "containerized processing", the realization of unitized loading and unloading handling, you can make full use of mechanical operation. Combination of loading and unloading has many advantages:
1. loading and unloading unit is large, high efficiency, can save a lot of loading and unloading time.
2. Can improve the flexibility of material handling.
3. The size of the operating unit is consistent and easy to realize standardization.
4. No need to touch various materials, can achieve the effect of material protection. Loading and unloading handling operations process is the continuity of the entire loading and unloading operations to make reasonable arrangements to reduce the distance and
loading and unloading times.
Loading and unloading handling operations site layout is directly related to the loading and unloading, handling distance of the key factors, loading and unloading handling machinery with the length of the yard, the area of the cargo area to coordinate with each other. There should be enough space to assemble the yard, and meet the requirements of loading and unloading handling machinery work surface, the road layout to create good conditions for loading and unloading handling, and is conducive to accelerate the turnover of the cargo space. Make loading and unloading distance to reach the minimum plane layout is to reduce the loading and unloading distance of the most ideal method.
Improve the continuity of loading and unloading operations should be: the operation site loading and unloading machinery reasonable connection; different loading and unloading operations in the use of each other in conjunction, and strive to make their loading and unloading rate is equal or close to the full play of loading and unloading handling scheduling personnel, once the loading and unloading operation obstacles or stagnant state, and immediately take strong measures to remedy.