Five signs:
1, before contact with patients
2. Before aseptic operation
3. After contact with body fluids
4. After the patient leaves the hospital
5. After removing the patient's surroundings.
Classification:
Among them, hand washing refers to the process of medical staff washing their hands with soap or soap solution and tap water to remove dirt, debris and some pathogenic bacteria from their hands.
In order to achieve the cleanest hygiene of ordinary hand washing, it is best to wash your hands for no less than 20 seconds.
Sanitary hand disinfection refers to the process that medical personnel wipe their hands with quick-drying hand disinfectant to reduce temporary bacteria in their hands.
Surgical hand disinfection refers to the process that medical personnel wash their hands with soap (liquid) or antibacterial soap (liquid) and running water before operation, and then use hand disinfectant to remove or kill temporary and permanent bacteria in their hands.
Product:
Hand hygiene products mainly include soap and alcohol-containing hand disinfectants. When choosing soap solution, we should consider products with low irritation to skin, strong decontamination ability, easy washing, antibacterial function (this function is mainly to avoid bacterial pollution of soap solution) and low price. For hand disinfectants containing alcohol, products with good sterilization effect, good hand feeling, skin care function and low price should be considered. Medical staff who are allergic to alcohol suggest using isopropanol hand disinfectant. The above products should be packaged in sealed containers once, and cannot be packaged repeatedly. If repeated packaging is required, the container should be strictly cleaned and disinfected.
Advantages:
First of all, alcohol hand disinfectants have the advantages of rapidity, broad spectrum, excellent bactericidal activity and helplessness. Hand hygiene disinfection products does not need continuous action, and at present, alcohol-based kneading agent is the only product that can minimize and inhibit microbial activity. Secondly, this method overcomes the difficulty of washing hands with water and requires sink and other equipment. Thirdly, this method is short and convenient, which improves the compliance of hand washing. Finally, this method saves the cost, and the annual cost of using alcohol hand sanitizer will not exceed 1% of the economic loss caused by hospital infection.
Importance:
A large number of data show that maintaining hand hygiene is the most basic, simple and effective means to effectively prevent and control the spread of pathogens, thus reducing the incidence of hospital infection. In particular, the nosocomial infection in ICU is higher than that in general wards, and its infection links are complicated. Medical staff, including nursing staff, have the highest probability of touching critically ill patients during diagnosis and treatment.
It has been reported that in general nursing operation, the bacterial contamination of hands is generally (103-105) cfu/cm2; When the work is busy, the number of bacteria in the hands increases exponentially, with the number of bacteria in the hands of nurses who suck sputum for patients reaching 106cfu/cm2, and the number of bacteria in the hands of patients who clean perineum reaching10/0 cfu/cm2 or above. When medical staff contact patients or do not wash their hands after pollution, the total number of bacteria exceeds the standard rate of 100%, and the rate of gram-negative bacilli among ICU staff can reach more than 80%. The nosocomial infection of13 can be effectively controlled by strict hand hygiene. After medical staff washed their hands with soap, the amount of bacteria on their hands decreased by 65%-84%, and the more times they washed their hands, the more obvious the decrease was. Therefore, paying attention to hand hygiene is the key to control hospital infection.