English standard translation: flame retardance
Substance has or material after treatment with the nature of the obvious delay in the spread of flame. This plays a guiding role in the selection of the scope of use of materials, especially for building materials, ships, vehicles, home appliances on the material requirements of high flame retardancy. At present, there are many methods of evaluating flame retardancy, such as oxygen index measurement, horizontal or vertical combustion test method.
Flame Retardant Testing
Clothing - US CPSC 16 CFR PART 1610
Flame Retardant Standard for Clothing Textiles - 16 CFR 1610 for Adult and Children's Clothing. The purpose of this standard is to reduce the risk of injury and endangerment of life by providing a U.S. national standard for testing and rating the flame retardancy of apparel and textiles and to discourage the use of any hazardous flammable textiles.
FMVSS 302
The U.S. Federal Standard for Flame Retardancy of Interior Materials for Automotive Safety. It applies to any component such as cushions, backrests, curtains, etc. in a variety of vehicles such as cars, utility vehicles, trucks and buses.
Children's Sleepwear - 16 CFR Part 1615/1616
On September 16, 1996, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) issued a revision of the standard for flame retardancy for children's sleepwear (16 CFR Part 1615/1616). This regulation imposes stringent requirements on infant and children's sleepwear. It applies to children's sleepwear, such as nightgowns, pajamas, robes, etc., that are worn for sleeping or sleep-related activities.
Flame retardant technology
1, preface
Ellen Wuagneux, deputy editor of the U.S. "nonwoven industry", made a brief analysis of flame retardant technology. He argues that the marketing of flame retardant materials is currently hot, but global raw material suppliers are not in sync; new U.S. state and federal regulations and the emergence of modern technology have unprecedentedly placed new demands and challenges on the industry.
2. Overview
According to the analysis of the market's internal situation, the development of flame retardant (FR) technology in North America, Central America and Europe is particularly good. John Phifer, Technical Marketing Manager of Apexical Ltd. in Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA (formerly Apex Chemical Manufacturing Company), said that this situation signals that the market will continue to grow and require innovation; in particular, there is more interest in technologies that can pass the California/Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) standards for bedding and non-halogen flame-retardant treatments. technologies.
California is a hotbed of activity, with other states often following suit. According to Bob Mckinnon, CEO of Basofil Fibers, Inc. of Charlotte, N.C., California is the clear front-runner in this area. 2005 saw the completion and adoption of a number of ordinances and codes, such as the federal standard 16 CFR Part 1633; more flame retardant action is expected. By the end of 2006, most major bedding manufacturers expect to be producing and selling these products.
Through the efforts of the CPSC and the State of California, the first of a number of flame-retardant standards will be published, not only for bedding, but also for upholstery and bedding fabrics. Paul Shields, marketing manager for Ciba's plastic additives business at the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), predicts that, depending on the content of the standards, the use of flame-retardant or barrier fabrics will be favored, and that cost-saving flame-retardant products with the requisite FR efficacy will be the most cost-effective approach.
3, the key is still the cost
Flame retardant materials production development prospects, but the cost is still the main concern, especially when raw materials and energy prices are still rocketing. Basofil Fiber, one of the main strategies to reduce the cost of reducing the content of high-performance fibers, the production of more commodities, which over the past few years this makes a big difference in cost.
In the home décor sector, Basofil has innovated a product that meets specialized flame-retardant goals, HF100, which is 20 percent cheaper than the old product and is used almost exclusively in nonwoven products. mcKinnon touts that, with its innovative blends, the product is reasonably priced, safe, scientifically sound, non-toxic, and doesn't require chemicals to be sprayed, dipped, or otherwise treated; and that the product performs consistently when properly applied. When properly applied, the product performs consistently and meets a wide range of testing requirements, unlike some other chemically treated solutions.
Apexical works closely with users to customize products to their application requirements and achieve cost-effective results, and cost-effective technology has never been more important, especially in the field of technical textiles. Lower concentrations help to reduce the overall price, according to Ciba's Shields, whose flame retardants for polyolefin materials can be added at much lower concentrations than conventional products and can be melt processable, without having to slow down production speeds when applied in nonwoven production, whereas non-melt-sprayable products typically cannot be applied in this finer-fiber production. The non-meltblown products are usually not applicable in the production of such finer fibers. Therefore, the production of flame-retardant nonwoven fabrics can be completed in one go without the need for secondary processing.
Another way for Ciba to reduce production costs is to avoid secondary processing, such as back-coating, usually because of the lack of an effective process to melt the flame retardant, such as back-coating and other methods need to be used to obtain the desired flame retardant properties. The products of the one-time method, other properties will not be affected by the flame retardant, so the passageway is more extensive.
4, innovation
Apexicial company is the production of textiles, including nonwovens with a variety of flame retardants, recently introduced a non-halogen, high phosphorus-containing melt soluble (melt soluble) flame retardant, Apexicial Pyrapex, can be used in polyester and nylon fabrics, because of its polymer melt soluble. It is particularly popular as an additive for two-component nonwoven production where flame retardant protection is required.
Some of the new products from Basofil Fibers include cost-effective yarns for bedding and decorative fabrics. In addition to high fluff and needle-punch nonwoven products, there are wet-weave fabrics that are priced appropriately for use as wadding, self-extinguishing fabrics for pillows and other bedding, and low to mid-range wadding. In addition, Basofil's products are used as firefighter jackets, industrial workwear, filtration, military and automotive component materials.
Ciba's Flamesrab NOR 116 is a process-meltable, non-halogenated flame retardant for use in polyolefin fibers, including nonwoven materials, that has demonstrated excellent flame retardancy for use in a wide range of automotive and building construction materials. The company's flame-retardant products have also seen growth in industrial and outdoor fabric applications due to improved ultraviolet (UV) stability, Shields noted, noting that the old products, Catch 22, which was flame retardant but not UV stable, or UV stable but not flame retardant, will no longer be available, and can now be made to be the best of both worlds; and new halogenated or non-halogenated products are being developed that are not flame retardant. Halogen or non-halogen new products can provide better flame retardant properties, but also the production of process meltable products.
Ems-Griltech of Sumter, S.C., USA, produces Griltex brand flame-retardant*** polymer hot-melt binders in granular or powder form. These binders can be applied to woven or nonwoven fabrics as fire retardant materials. They are currently being used in home or office furnishings and upholstery, such as carpets and curtains, as well as in a variety of protective clothing; they can also be supplied as ingredient master batches.
To date, the focus has often been on analyzing the flammability of individual components of a composite material without considering the flammability of the composite as a whole; more recently, there have been tests to determine the flammability of the composite as a whole, even extending to a house, such as an entire train car. There are even specific regulations requiring the use of flame retardants for hot melt binders, mainly in building construction, transportation, electronics and furniture upholstery, etc. Ems-Griltech flame retardant hot melt additives have shown improvement in this area.
5, development prospects
Suppliers emphasize that quality and safety is the first place, to be heavier than the cost of cost considerations. Newer, safer, and more scientific will prevail, McKinnon said, adding that industrial producers need to keep in mind that consumer health and safety is of the utmost importance.
There is also an expectation that halogenated materials will no longer be used, in part because of increasing social pressure on polymer additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers and halogenated flame retardants. Until now, halogenated flame retardants were common anti-flammability agents for thermoplastic polymers, often in combination with antimony trioxide materials. Ems-Griltech's Hesselbart argues that halogen-containing products produce high concentrations of toxic and corrosive gases when burned and complicate recycling of the final product; she ultimately claims that Ems-Griltech's flame-retardant **** polyester material improves fire performance and eliminates the need for halogen-containing and heavy-metal-containing flame retardants.
6. Examples of Innovations from Asian Flame Retardant Suppliers
The Kanecaron brand of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers produced by Kaneka in Osaka, Japan, which contain 35-85% acrylonitrile content, have anti-burning properties, are flexible, and dye easily. When this kind of fiber burns, it needs oxygen and the oxygen content in the air must be greater than the content in the fiber, in other words, it will not burn without flame. Further, when combined with highly combustible natural fibers, such as cotton fibers, Kanecaron maintains its fire-resistant properties when burning, resisting the burning flames of natural fibers, slowing the rate of combustion, insulating the air, and stopping the combustion. While many synthetic fibers melt and become liquid when heated, causing severe burns when splashed on the skin, Kanecaron fibers do not melt into liquid when burned, but merely char and shrink slightly, thus eliminating the possibility of injury.Kanecaron's non-melt dripping properties and its self-extinguishing properties (charring to prevent the flame from expanding) ultimately creates a protective environment for the user. The fiber has a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28-38, which is significantly higher than that of natural and synthetic fibers in general. In addition, its flame retardancy does not deteriorate after washing, and it can be blended with other non-flame-retardant fibers at a certain ratio to enhance safety.
Toyobo Heim flame retardant polyester fibers of Toyobo Textile Fibers Department in Japan have two types of filament and staple fibers, and in the process of producing the fibers, flame retardant materials are added with **** polymerization method. Fiber itself with flame retardant, compared with the general post-treatment plus flame retardant fiber, its flame retardant effect is more stable, with long-lasting, can withstand repeated family washing and / or dry cleaning, with excellent self-extinguishing, in the event of a fire, but also only a small amount of low-toxicity gases and smoke; fibers are not easy to absorb water, fast drying after washing, good dimensional stability of the product, is not easy to wrinkle and shrinkage, no need for ironing, resistant to sunlight and resistant to chemicals, anti-insects and mildew.
China's Nantong Lorelei Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. of Lorelei brand flame retardant three-dimensional convoluted staple fibers, in the polymerization process to add phosphorus fire-resistant compounds, the flame-retardant fiber products resistant to washing can be dyed, a large number of used as bedding, clothing and furniture materials.
Jiangsu Jiangyin Changlong Chemical Fiber Company's Everblaze flame-retardant fibers have a cut-off length of 32-152 mm. The company also produces two-component fibers, anti-static fibers, PTT fibers and island-sea type fibers.
Finishing flame-retardant to Xinxing flame-retardant company as a representative, to fill the market due to the lack of flame-retardant fibers, Xinxiang Xinxing Special Fabrics Co., Ltd. as a flame-retardant finishing leader, developed a variety of composite flame-retardant fabrics, such as: flame-retardant three-proof fabrics, flame-retardant antistatic fabrics, CVC flame-retardant fabrics, flame-retardant elastic fabrics.
Evaluation Criteria
Textile Flame Retardant
In people's daily life, all kinds of fire hazards are omnipresent. In order to reduce the fire accidents caused by the flammability of textiles, and to reduce the resulting harm to human life and property safety, the test of textile combustion performance has been a great concern to countries around the world. China's legislation on flame retardant textiles and standardization work has also made a great.
A judging basis
Judging the flame retardant performance of fabrics usually use two bases: one is from the burning rate of fabrics to judge. That is, after the flame-retardant finishing fabrics in accordance with the specified method of contact with the flame for a certain period of time, and then remove the flame to determine the fabric to continue to flaming and flameless combustion time, as well as the degree of damage to the fabric. The shorter the time of flaming and flameless combustion, the lower the degree of destruction, the better the flame retardant properties of the fabrics; on the contrary, the flame retardant properties of the fabrics are not good.
The other is to judge by measuring the limiting oxygen index of the sample. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) is the expression of the amount of oxygen needed for the sample to burn, so by determining the oxygen index can determine the flame retardant performance of the fabric. The higher the LOI, the higher the concentration of oxygen required to maintain combustion, i.e., the harder it is to burn. The index can be used in the sample in the nitrogen, oxygen gas mixture to maintain the candle-shaped combustion of the minimum volume of oxygen required to express the percentage. Theoretically, the oxygen index of a textile material is self-extinguishing in air as long as it is greater than 21% (the volumetric concentration of oxygen in natural air). According to the size of the oxygen index, textiles are usually divided into flammable (LOI<20%), combustible (LOI = 20% to 26%), flame retardant (LOI = 26% to 34%) and non-combustible (LOI>35%) four levels.
Second, the test method
Textile combustion test methods due to the principle, equipment and purpose of different and diverse. Various test methods are difficult to compare the test results, the experimental results can only explain to a certain extent the advantages and disadvantages of the combustion performance of the specimen. Combustion test methods are mainly used to test the burning breadth of the specimen (charred area and length of damage), the renewal of combustion time and negative combustion time.
Based on the relative position of the specimen and the flame, can be divided into vertical, inclined and horizontal method. China has developed and implemented more than 10 different test method standards, such as: GB/T5454-1997 "textile combustion performance test oxygen index method", GB/T5455-1997 "textile combustion performance test vertical method", GB/TF5456-1997 "textile combustion performance test vertical direction of the flame spread performance of the Determination of" and so on.
China's current test for clothing flame retardant properties of the main use of GB/T5455-1997 "textile combustion performance test vertical method". The principle is that a certain size of the specimen is placed vertically in the prescribed combustion chamber, with the prescribed ignition source ignited for 12 seconds, remove the ignition source to determine the specimen's continued combustion time and the time of negative combustion, negative combustion stops, according to the prescribed method of measuring the length of the damage. This method can be used for the determination of flame retardant properties of clothing fabrics, decorative fabrics, tent fabrics and so on. China's textile flame retardant performance evaluation method is based on the burning rate of the textile as the main basis, only in line with the standard requirements of the textile products can be regarded as flame retardant products.
Related Products
①New Flame Retardant Recycled Wood
The new flame retardant recycled wood products introduced by Xinying Wiring Devices Company are fireproof materials, which are green products. In addition to the same performance with natural wood, the material also has the advantages of lightweight, solid; non-toxic, odorless, non-radioactive; flame retardant, moisture-proof; crack-proof, moth-proof; acid and alkali resistance, recyclable and so on. It can be widely used in all kinds of furniture production and indoor and outdoor decoration, and can also be processed according to customer needs and preferences. In use, the user only assembled and coated with its matching glue can be, without the use of nails fixed, with convenient and quick, beautiful and generous characteristics.
②Silicone flame retardant additives
A description
DC-8008 is a highly efficient silicone flame retardant additives. It is a colorless transparent liquid. It is mainly applied to thermoplastic plastics flame retardant and specially made. The product is mainly used in PC, PC/ABS, PPO, LCP, PS, PA6 and other halogen-free flame retardant modification. The flame retardant effect is good, the resin burning surface charring degree is low; add DC-8008 fluid, after burning, the surface is smooth.
II. Advantages
1. Improvement of flame retardancy of plastics
2. Reduction of harmful gas CO; reduction of smoke and smoke release
3. Improvement of surface properties and abrasion resistance
4. Improvement of impact strength
III. Applications
1. DC-8008/KSS (Potassium Benzenesulfonate Potassium Benzenesulfonate) to provide PC with UL94 V-0 at 1.6mm PC transparent thin flame retardant;
2, DC-8008/TPP (Triphenyl phosphate) to give PC/ABS UL94 V-0 with higher impact strength than TPP only PC/ABS Flame retardant and provide higher impact strength;
3, PS flame retardant can reduce the amount of bromine flame retardants.
3, flame retardant carved door mold
With the improvement of people's living standards, the living environment is constantly improving, indoor and outdoor decoration is also undergoing qualitative changes, flame retardant
Carved door is a new interior decoration products in a strange flower.
Carved door molds, with moisture-proof, flame retardant, carved solid, impact resistance, non-degenerate characteristics, luxurious appearance, elegant and noble, completely handmade, easy to process. Mold making a molding, no need to carve, with or without the foundation of artwork can post operation. Its cost is only 1/4 of the wooden door, low cost is a replacement for wooden doors, especially with European interior decoration and luxury lamp pool, relief wainscoting board supporting more reflective of the European style for today's construction and decoration industry is favored.
Since the reform and opening up, China's construction and decoration industry in the booming development of people's living standards in the continuous improvement of the beautification of life, the environment has become an indispensable part of life, especially people's living environment to improve the hold a strong desire to decorate the hot has been all over the country, coupled with the scientific research departments have been carving the door as a focus of the development of the development of the door; urban construction designers will be carving the door series on the please Drawings, new residential neighborhoods, commercial houses, hotels, restaurants, villas are gradually carved doors to replace expensive wooden doors, the most worthwhile to promote the use of one point is: the state provides for the future in the construction and decoration industry as far as possible to use fire prevention, fire-retardant materials, and there is a tendency to mandatory provisions. For this reason, flame retardant carved door with its fire, flame retardant, new, luxurious, inexpensive, easy to produce excellent features, will occupy the building decoration industry, a new generation of new materials, the slicker. China is a vast, populous country, the original living environment with the transformation of the region, the transformation of old and dilapidated buildings gradually eliminated, replaced by a new living environment and appearance and appear. According to statistics, indicating that the next ten years is China's large-scale capital construction, housing reconstruction decade. Each year, the new construction, reconstruction of homes up to 4-6 million sets, each set of rooms need to install 5 doors, as a base, the annual demand for only the door is 200-300 million, the need for new expansion of the daily output of 100 doors of the professional manufacturers of 2000-3000, each province on average, such manufacturers need to be 70-100. But at present, China's professional manufacturers are only a handful, which can be seen in the market demand is how urgent, and its prospects are how broad.
④Flame-retardant fiber fabrics
At present, the finishing of the fabrics to obtain flame-retardant textiles with long-lasting and high performance, multi-functional features and its processing technology is the direction of the development of flame-retardant fibers and trends. However, at present, China's production and use of the most flame-retardant finishing fabrics, including pure cotton, pure polyester, pure wool, polyester-cotton and a variety of blends of durable flame-retardant fabrics and cotton, viscose, pure polyester non-durable washing flame-retardant fabrics, flame-retardant fibers fabrics, the production and use of very little, the annual output of only about 100 tons. With the continuous improvement of people's living and environmental conditions, people on the flame retardant textile performance requirements are increasingly high, should be invested in strength and funds to increase the development of flame retardant fibers.
Flame-retardant engineering plastics
With the continuous progress of polymer synthesis and processing technology, engineering plastics have been infiltrated into various fields of people's production and life. In a variety of applications, the flame retardancy of plastics for the application of materials is an important performance indicators, and some plastic additives, such as halogenated flame retardants due to the potential hazards to the environment and human health, so in order to solve this contradiction, some users of engineering plastics to give up the application of these plastics additives, and turn to those who itself has the flame retardant performance of the engineering plastics.
Flame-retardant polymers often have other good properties, such as strength, dimensional stability, chemical resistance and abrasion resistance, etc., but these materials are usually more expensive than those that do not have flame retardant properties,
but in the demand for high-performance as well as high-flame-retardant applications will need these resins to show their strength. These polymers include polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and liquid crystal polymers (LCP). Some other polymers such as PVC, modified polyphenylene ether (PPO) have some flame retardancy.
High-quality flame-retardant materials
PEEK
PEEK is a linear, aromatic, semi-crystalline polymer with a service temperature of 260 degrees C. PEEK's flame-retardant properties have been tested by the lab's UL94 test, which includes a vertical rate of ignition test and self-extinguishing time test. According to information provided by PEEK supplier Vickers, a 1.45mm sample strip without any additives has a burning rate of V-0, which is the highest level of flame retardancy. During combustion, smoke and toxic gas emissions are extremely low. In addition, PEEK is highly resistant to chemicals, hot water and hot steam, and can be processed by traditional techniques such as injection molding, extrusion and compression molding.
PEEK is usually blended with other polymers*** and added with glass or carbon fibers, etc. It is generally used in the automotive, aircraft, pharmaceutical, electronics, and chemical industries. Currently, there are many automotive parts made with PEEK resin, such as gears and bearings. In the chemical process industry, many pumps and valves are manufactured with PEEK, and PEEK resin is often seen in oil well equipment and semiconductors.
PEI
PEI is an amorphous polymer with a continuous use temperature of 180 degrees Celsius, and is highly resistant to hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, water and automotive fluids, with a glass transition temperature of 217 degrees Celsius. According to the data provided by PEI supplier GE, the flame burning rate of the 0.25mm sample was tested by UL 94 as V-0, and has low smoke emissions, can withstand a variety of chemicals, with high strength, modulus and high-temperature creep resistance.PEI resins are available in non-reinforced and reinforced grades. Typical fillers are carbon fibers, glass fibers and certain minerals.
In the manufacture of automotive parts, PEI can replace metal in the manufacture of dampers, sensors, air regulators, ignition system components and driveline accessories.PEI's flame retardancy and low smoke and toxic emissions also make this material used in aerospace applications, such as gas and fuel valves, steering wheels, interior decorative surfaces, food trays and so on. Electronic lighting components such as connectors and mirrors made with PEI materials are also designed to take advantage of the polymer's flame retardancy.
PEI can be processed using standard injection molding processing methods, and the resulting parts can have wall thicknesses of up to 0.25 mm. Prior to processing, PEI should be dried at 140°C to 150°C for several hours.
PPS
PPS is a semi-crystalline polymer, its molecular structure is made of sulfur atoms and benzene ring alternately connected, this structure gives the PPS resin higher thermal and chemical stability.PPS resin use temperature of 200 ℃, in the combustion process there is a tendency to coking, which is conducive to stopping the spread of the flame.1.5mm thick PPS samples of the The flame retardant level is UL 94 V-0. Most PPS resins are made into parts by adding glass fibers and mineral fillers.PPS has high modulus, creep resistance, and chemical resistance, allowing it to be precision molded into parts with tight tolerances.
Utilizing PPS's flame retardancy and high thermal resistance, in the automotive industry, PPS is used to make internal engine parts, brake system parts, and electronic system parts that need to withstand high temperatures. In industrial equipment, PPS is often used in high temperature and chemical corrosive use environment. There are also some demanding electronic equipment housing using PPS to manufacture, such as PPS is often used in connectors and sockets. In addition, some office equipment, optical devices, as well as some daily necessities are often used PPS instead of metal and thermoset plastics.
Sulfur-containing resins
PPSU and PES are a class of flame-retardant materials that contain sulfur. In addition to the advantages of flame retardancy, PPSU has unusual resistance to hydrolysis, high heat deflection temperatures, extreme resistance to environmental stress cracking, and good electrical insulation properties. Generally PPSU is used in medical equipment, food trays, surgical instruments, and certain parts of spacecraft.
PES has a heat deflection temperature of 204 degrees Celsius and good chemical resistance. Although not as tough as PPSU, PES is not as expensive as PPUS. Typical commercial grade PES has a flame retardant rating of UL 94 V-0 on a 0.8mm strip. Typically PES is used in automotive fuses, membranes, electrical equipment, static dissipative equipment, cookware, light reflectors, etc. The transparency of PES has more prominent advantages in many aspects.
PVDF
In addition to being flame retardant, PVDF is extremely rigid, abrasion resistant, corrosion resistant, chemically stable, and has good weathering properties. At 149°C, PVDF is still able to maintain mechanical properties.PVDF can be made into profiles, sheets, tubes, and membranes, etc. It is generally used in chemical storage and processing equipment, fluid handling, and semiconductor equipment. PVDF materials are also frequently used in automotive, construction, electronics and other fields.
LCP
LCP is a semi-crystalline polyester resin with rigid rod-shaped molecules aligned in the direction of melt flow.LCP has high rigidity, good dimensional stability at high temperatures, creep resistance, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Commercial grade LCP resins have a flame retardant rating of UL94 V-0, a heat deflection temperature of 300°C, an elongation of 2.5%, and good chemical resistance and high dielectric strength.
LCP can be used in electronic connectors, fuse holders, high-temperature-resistant spools, pump parts. LCP resin is also often used in microwave ovens, cookware, cellular phones, ignition system parts, chemical equipment, medical equipment, office equipment, aircraft parts and so on.
The effect of plastic additives on the flame retardancy of products
Almost all inorganic additives will improve the flame retardancy of composite materials; while only a small part of the organic additives have a flame retardant function, most of them are not only not, but also help to ignite.
1, inorganic flame retardant materials
Currently, the following varieties are commonly used:
①Antimony trioxide. Must be used in conjunction with organic flame retardant materials.
②Magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide. Can be used separately, but the addition of a large amount, often comparable to the amount of resin.
③ Inorganic phosphorus. Commonly used red phosphorus and sulfate, pure red phosphorus in the last before the use of micronized, can be used alone and in conjunction with, phosphate ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and so on.
4 boron flame retardant materials. Commonly used hydrated zinc borate, generally used in concert with other flame retardant materials.
Other metal compounds, such as metal aluminum compounds, metal ferrites, etc., mainly used for nitrous oxide.
⑤ Metal halides. Such as various types of halogenated di class.
2, organic flame retardant materials
Daily common varieties are the following
①Organic halides. Mainly brominated, commonly used, decabromobiphenyl acid (DBDPO), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), brominated polystyrene (BPS) and so on. Only chlorinated paraffins and chlorinated polyethylene are used. Halides are often used in conjunction with antimony trioxide or phosphides.
② Organic phosphorus compounds. Can be divided into two categories of inorganic phosphorus and halogenated phosphorus. Halogen-free phosphorus is mainly phosphoric acid such as triphenyl (TPP). Non-halogenated phosphorus needs to be added in concert with halogenated phosphorus. Halogenated phosphorus molecules contain phosphorus and halogen two elements, with intramolecular synergistic effect, and thus can be used alone, commonly used varieties such as trichloroethylene (TECP) and so on.
③ Nitrogen system. The main varieties of nitrogen ammonia trimer, etc., commonly used in PA and PU, and with the use of phosphorus flame retardants, and its synergistic effect is better.
Flame retardant engineering plastics
Published: 2006-4-4 Hits: 233
Because of the high strength of plastics, more and more engineering plastics are gradually replacing metal, glass, ceramics used in automobiles, airplanes, electrical and electronic appliances, as well as some other industries. For those materials exposed to high temperatures, their flame retardancy has become increasingly important.
With the continuous progress of polymer synthesis and processing technology, engineering plastics have penetrated into various fields of people's production and life. In a variety of applications, the flame retardancy of plastics is an important performance indicator for the application of materials, and some plastic additives, such as halogenated flame retardants due to the potential hazards to the environment and human health, so in order to solve this contradiction, some users of engineering plastics to give up the application of these plastic additives, and turn to those who itself has the flame retardant properties of the engineering plastics.
Flame-retardant polymers often have other properties, such as strength, dimensional stability, chemical resistance and abrasion resistance, etc., but these materials are usually more expensive than those that are not flame retardant, however, in the demand for high-performance and high-flame-retardant applications will require these resins to show their strength. These polymers include: polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and liquid crystal polymers (LCP). Other polymers such as PVC, modified polyphenylene ether (PPO) have some flame retardancy, but need to add a certain amount of additives to strengthen this performance.
PEEK
PEEK is a linear aromatic semi-crystalline polymer with a service temperature of 260 degrees C. PEEK's flame retardancy has been tested in a laboratory for UL94, which includes a vertical burning rate test and a self-extinguishing time test. According to information provided by PEEK supplier Vickers, a 1.45mm sample strip without any additives has a burning rate of V-0, which is the highest level of flame retardancy. During combustion, smoke and toxic gas emissions are extremely low. In addition, PEEK is highly resistant to chemicals, hot water and hot steam, and can be processed through traditional techniques such as injection molding, extrusion and compression molding.
PEEK is usually blended with other polymers*** and added with glass or carbon fibers, etc. It is generally used in the automotive, aircraft, pharmaceutical, electronics, and chemical industries. Currently, there are many automotive parts made with PEEK resin, such as gears and bearings. In the chemical process industry, many pumps and valves are manufactured with PEEK, and PEEK resin is often seen in oil well equipment and semiconductors.
PEI
PEI is an amorphous polymer with a continuous use temperature of 180 degrees Celsius, and is highly resistant to hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, water and automotive fluids, with a glass transition temperature of 217 degrees Celsius. According to the data provided by PEI supplier GE, the flame burning rate of the 0.25mm sample was tested by UL 94 as V-0, and has low smoke emissions, can withstand a variety of chemicals, with high strength, modulus and high-temperature creep resistance.PEI resins are available in non-reinforced and reinforced grades. Typical fillers are carbon fibers, glass fibers, and certain minerals.