Commodity box arrangement to pay attention to science, in general, it is a certain number of commodities according to the length, width and height of the volume of the stack constitutes a whole, installed in the box, constituting a box. Box of the six sides of the total flat area, is the commodity "surface area", the size of the surface area, the number of packaging materials play a decisive role. If the volume and surface area of the same conditions, length, width, height changes, the box material will also change. Generally speaking, the width is smaller than the height or length of the packaging material; width is greater than the height or length of the packaging material; width is the same, the length is greater than the height of the material; width is the same, the height is greater than the length of the material. But this is just a general principle, the specific packaging should also be based on commodity to consider. Such as towels and other goods into the box, the box type using "fixed length and width, height adjustment"; fragile commodities, it is to take another approach, such as ceramics packaging can be taken in this way: First, different ceramics classified queuing, and then by the same caliber categorization, and then according to the categorization of the ceramics after the volume of the study of the number of boxes loaded in each box Boxes, so that each box can be loaded with a whole dozen. Second, according to the shape and size of the goods, staggered arrangement; some use the empty space between the goods, the products in the handles, ears, rings, etc. hidden into the empty space to make full use of the capacity of the box, to fill the gap fill the approach to reduce the gap between the goods, so that the goods loaded with flat, but also increase the pressure of the box.
2. Set
The regular shape of the goods, you can use the space of the product itself, and the product's large and small caliber matching, product sets. Using this method, not only can reduce the gap, to prevent breakage, but also save materials, save freight. Such as jewelry boxes, enamelware, glass, you can use the product size and shape, to take a large set of small method set together. And some fragile products, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of the corners of the product, plus some cushioning, so that the packaging has a certain degree of elasticity, so that it can withstand a certain impact.
3. Disassembly
Some of the pressure, reasonable arrangement and set of methods can not be used to reduce the size of the product, because of its volume of more irregular, occupying an area of large, some of the components can be split to load, in order to reduce the volume. Such as: furniture, medical equipment, sewing machines and other products.
4. Reasonable compression of the volume of goods
For the volume of large, light-weight light foam commodities, such as cotton, textiles, mats, yarn, nets, feathers, bicycle tires and other commodities packaging, mainly to solve the problem of reasonable compression of the volume of packaging. In the pressure package or pre-pressure boxing, generally to not damage the principle of the commodity. That is, under the premise of protecting the quality of goods, with pressure or vacuum packaging to compress the volume of goods to save packaging materials and freight.
Packaging volume with pressure compression, the past is the use of manpower, animal compression, and now more mechanical compression, and compression with hydraulic presses have the best results. Such as sacks pressure package Every 200 a bundle, not before the pressure of the stack thickness of 1.7m, compressed for 60cm, back up to 90cm. the size of the back up with the performance of the bundling material has a great relationship. Such as compression after manual bundling of hemp rope, back up to 50%. If you use the iron to be packed, compressed bundling, the rate of return is only about 5%.
Compressed packaging volume of another approach is to use vacuum packaging. The use of this packaging, generally applicable to textiles, clothing, silk, feathers and other commodities. Textiles and clothing if the use of general compression packaging methods, usually many wrinkles and creases, to make it back to normal (restore) is very costly. In order to solve this problem, Sweden in 1 967 began to study this work, after many years of practice and experimentation, the invention of vacuum packaging technology. This was one of the most important innovations in the field of packaging at the time. The use of vacuum packaging advantages of two aspects:
First, the volume of large products using vacuum packaging, you can greatly save the transportation and storage space and other costs. Vacuum packaging to reduce the volume of textiles, for example, the situation is: 50% of the set of clothing, sweater 30% -35%, 30% -50% of towels, bedspreads for 60% -80%. As a result of reducing the volume of goods, not only can save transportation, storage costs, and because of the use of vacuum packaging, you can cancel the cardboard boxes and other packaging containers, replaced by plastic bags. Thus, in the storage and circulation process to protect the role of goods.
Second, the use of vacuum packaging can make the goods to reduce wrinkles and creases. This is mainly because the vacuum packaging has been pre-treatment of the product - to remove the moisture contained in the product. This ensures that textile fibers in the packaging before the complete "relaxation", the fiber once in this controlled state, can be compressed with vacuum packaging method. When the package is opened, the fibers return to their original state before packaging. Textile and apparel importers are happy to use this method, because they do not have to hire labor can save a lot of money.
5. Collective packaging Collective packaging refers to a number of single pieces of transport packaging combined into a large, in order to adapt to the transport, loading and unloading work modernization requirements. Currently common collection of packaging pallets, bags and containers. Are introduced as follows:
①Container
Container is made of copper, fiberglass and aluminum alloy and other materials. There are general-purpose boxes and a variety of special boxes, some with ventilation and refrigeration equipment. Its specifications size according to the international organization for the development of the width and height are 8ft, length of 40, 30, 20, 10 and 7ft, respectively, the standard load capacity of 30, 25, 20, 10 and 7t.
Container transportation is a modern mode of transport, it began to be used in 1955, the United States of America, Hawaii, Matoson's Brandtar ship in 1967 for the first time, the first time in the Pacific route with containers, the successful trial voyage. Containers in the Pacific route in 1967, the first successful trial voyage, and then widely used by countries around the world, because of its large loading capacity, scientific structure, a variety of bulk cargo and pallets can be loaded, so this mode of transportation has been rapid development, known as the "transportation revolution". The use of containers is summarized in three major advantages.
First, fast - to shorten the docking time of the ship to ten thousand tons of cargo calculation, with the container loading and unloading of goods, only 22h, while the bulk cargo loading and unloading to 5 days;
Second, safety - in many countries of the terminal Theft is the trend, the container because of the tightly sealed, difficult to be stolen, commodity damage is also greatly reduced;
Third, save money - can save handling costs, container loading and unloading fees, only a single loading and unloading costs 1 / 6, the quantitative amount of packaging materials can be correspondingly reduced.
Many countries in the world, such as the United States, Japan and other countries, has long been realized in grocery transportation containerization. Where the need to use container transportation of goods, its packaging box, specifications must meet the container length, width, height specifications, otherwise it will be a waste of volume, resulting in the loss of foreign exchange freight.
② bags:
Container bags can generally be divided into two kinds: one is a one-time use of the bag, it is adapted to the long haul, turnover difficulties and the absence of storage conditions, the selection of high-strength polypropylene as the raw material, the load is limited to 1.5t, the other is the bag can be recycled, adapted to the short haul, the conditions of storage is good, the use of PVC-coated polyester fiber as the raw material, the load is 4t. Japan and the United Kingdom made a polypropylene container bag, the load capacity of 13t.
③ Pallet
Pallet refers to a piece of cargo or a group of goods under the additional a pad, plate under the three beams, the formation of two sockets, four sockets, two jacks can be shovel trucks, forks reach into the pallet with the stack of goods shoveled together, stacking, loading and unloading, or delivery. In international trade transportation, the pallet was widely used in the 60s. Its advantages are more: can effectively protect goods, improve loading and unloading efficiency, promote the mechanization of loading and unloading operations, promote the standardization of packaging, to expand sales, improve selling prices, reduce packaging costs, easy to manage goods, reduce errors, reduce the labor intensity of workers and so on. Pallet types are increasing, according to the use of value can be divided into two kinds: a reusable pallet, its structure is relatively strong, can be repeatedly used many times, the material is mainly wood, a few with metal, but also plastic; another is a one-time use of the pallet, its structure is simpler, less material consumption, most of the material is wood, but also useful for corrugated cardboard made of pallets.
The specifications of the tray, according to the National Organization for Standardization for three kinds. That is: 80 × 100cm, 80 × 120cm, 100 × 120cm.
Pallet strapping materials are paper to be, plastic to be, iron to be and shrink stretch film. Western countries use a large number of shrink film, the United States generally use shrink wrap strapping, each shrink pallet consumes 1kg of film, fully automated processing, shrinkage with the heating method, there are three kinds of portable shrinkage gun, vertical heater and shrinkage baking channel. In order to expand China's foreign exports, comprehensive and actively promote the use of trays, is to improve the packaging of an urgent task.