Two: 1, briefly explain the CPU, motherboard, hard disk, CRT monitor use precautions and daily maintenance.
Answer: Try not to overclock the CPU, and pay attention to the temperature of the CPU in summer. Motherboard to dust regularly (as far as possible through professional personnel). Hard disk to pay attention to organize with the piece (depends on the individual, if you often load and delete files, then) once a month to organize. Monitor use is completed to remember to point the power button below the monitor.
2, for checking and killing computer viruses, why in the windows normal mode anti-virus not in the windows safe mode and DOS mode anti-virus effect is good?
Answer: Because many viruses are inserted through the process of hair, and start services, in the DOS and safe mode these services and processes will not be started, so the anti-virus effect is good.
3, a CD-ROM drive on the front of the word "52X", "52X" on behalf of what data, its actual value and units are what?
Answer: "52X" means support for reading the speed of the CD-ROM, if you buy a burning disk then you can use 52 times the speed to burn, if you buy only 48 or less than 52 times the speed, then your burner does not support 52-speed burning.
4. What is the maximum capacity of a CD-ROM disk, and what is the capacity of a single-sided, single-layer DVD-ROM disk?
Answer: The maximum capacity of a CD-ROM disk is 650M, and there are also larger ones, and the capacity of a single DVD disk is 3G.
5. The computer often has a "buzzing" or "squeaking" noise in the host computer when it is turned on. The reason for the noise is mainly caused by what equipment, and what is the best way to deal with it?
Answer: It's caused by the CPU fan and the power supply fan, as well as the hard disk. Regularly deal with the dust on the fans, and there's nothing you can do about the hard disk.
6, briefly explain the principle of CD-ROM burning. CD-RW is what type of CD-ROM, and what is the biggest difference between it and CD-ROM?
Answer: CD-RW is a kind of erasable CD-ROM, meaning that you use such a CD-ROM after the burning of documents, used as a tape can erase the data on the CD-ROM. CD-ROOM does not have this function. The difference is that one can erase and write, one does not support erase and write
7, a wide variety of software in the computer, the cause of its failure is also varied, even experienced computer experts can not guarantee that they will be able to understand all the intrinsic causes of software failures, we do not have to go to the dead memory of a software failure of the treatment, but we can still grasp most of the software failure of the general law, if a software If a piece of software fails to function properly, what are the possible causes and how can they be handled?
Answer: If a piece of software does not run normally, it may be caused by you accidentally deleting its controls or dynamic connection libraries (.DLL files). It may also be a virus damage and anti-virus do not kill, it may also be a file error or path error,file error;
8, please explain the link between BIOS and CMOS.
A: BIOS is a motherboard EPROM or EEROM chip, which is loaded with important information about the system and set the system parameters of the setup program (BIOS Setup program); CMOS is a motherboard readable RAM chip, which is loaded with specific parameters about the system configuration, the contents of which can be read and written through the setup program.CMOS The RAM chip is powered by a backup battery, so even if the system is powered down, the information will not be lost.BIOS and CMOS are both related and different: the system setup program in BIOS is the means to complete the CMOS parameter settings; CMOS RAM is both the storage place for the system parameters set by BIOS, and the result of the system parameters set by BIOS. Therefore, the complete statement is "CMOS parameters are set by the BIOS setup program".
9. What is the role of a graphics card and what are the core components of a graphics card?
A: The role of the graphics card is to process display information, and the names of its core components are also called CPU and memory.
10, common monitors are 15 inches, 17 inches, 19 inches, which "inches" refers to the size of the monitor screen, in fact, "inches" specifically refers to the size of what, why the same 17-inch LCD monitor and CRT monitor, LCD monitor screen is obviously larger than the CRT monitor screen?
A: In fact, "inches" specifically refers to the diagonal size. The size that could be a sensory error, or it could be the widescreen.
11, DDR333 memory data transfer rate of how many MB / S? (only require to write out the formula, do not need to calculate the specific value)
12, a hard disk of the number of tracks is 1024, the number of heads is 255, the number of sectors is 63, the number of columns is 1024, please calculate the capacity of the hard disk for how many gigabytes (you can only write out the formula, do not need to calculate the results). ).
Answer: Capacity C= number of sectors per channel * sector capacity * total number of tracks, which is the formatted capacity
Capacity C= maximum density * innermost circle of the perimeter of the magnetic track * the total number of tracks, which is the unformatted capacity
13, Ghost software is a famous American company Symantec launched hard disk copying tools, can be on the entire hard disk or a partition Backup and restore, greatly saving the time to reinstall the system. Question:
(1) If you want to make a copy between two hard disks (backup or restore), which submenu of the Local menu should you select in the main Ghost interface? (disk or partition) A: disk
(2) If you want to back up the C drive of a computer to another drive of that computer, which command under the local->Partition menu should you select in the main interface of the Ghost program? (to image or from image) Answer:to image
(3) If you have already backed up the C drive, and now you want to restore the system, you should choose which command under the local->Partition menu, and then do the specific operation. (to image or from image) A: from image
14, in the windows system, if you want to use the registry editor, you should choose "start-> run", in the run dialog box, enter _____________ command, and then Enter, open the registry editor; in window 98/XP, if you want to prohibit the boot automatically start the program, you can use the system configuration utility to modify, to open the program, you can select "Start - & gt; Run", in the Run dialog box, enter ____________ command, and then Enter.
Answer: regedit.exe gpedit.msc
15, 1. Remove dust
Dust floating in the air is a major killer of computers, the use of a period of time may be due to the motherboard and other key components of the accumulation of too much dust and failures, even in the dedicated computer room. Therefore, for the use of a longer period of time for the computer, should first be cleaned, with a brush to gently brush away the dust on the motherboard, peripherals. If the dust has been swept away, or no dust, the fault still exists, it indicates that there are other problems with the hardware.
In addition, due to the board on some cards or chips in the form of pins, vibration, dust and other reasons often cause pin oxidation, poor contact. Available eraser to wipe off the surface of the oxide layer, re-inserted after the boot to check whether the fault is eliminated.
Just a word, the keyboard will often be used for a long time, leakage, key jamming and other faults, this failure should be dealt with in a timely manner, otherwise in the input file will be typed in some of the wrong characters. Handling should be the keyboard with a bracket up, keys down, open the back cover of the keyboard, with alcohol to clean the circuit board and key contacts, and the jammed keys below the appropriate pry up the shrapnel, so that it restores the original elasticity.
Note: When floppy disks are used, dirty or scratched floppy disks inserted into the floppy drive will scratch the read/write head and damage the floppy drive. Cleaning the head must be very careful, long time not used in the floppy drive, there may be rust on the head, this time you can not use the cleaning disk, the specific method is to open the chassis will be cleaning agent drops in the head, soak for half an hour, carefully wipe clean with grease cotton. If you blindly use the cleaning disk is bound to lead to damage to the floppy drive read-write head, so that the floppy drive scrap.
2. Look, listen, smell, touch
"Look" that is, observe the system card plug, socket is skewed, resistors, capacitors, whether the pins are touching, whether the surface has burn marks, the chip surface is not cracked, the motherboard on the copper foil is not burned off. Of course, needless to say, you also know that you have to check whether there is a foreign body dropped into the motherboard between the components (which will cause a short circuit), but also to see whether there is a burnt discoloration of the board, the printed circuit board on the alignment (copper foil) is broken, and so on.
"Listening" means listening to the power supply fan, soft/hard disk motor or seeker mechanism, display transformer and other equipment to see if the working sound is normal. In addition, the system short-circuit failure is often accompanied by abnormal sound, listening can be found in a timely manner some of the potential accidents and accidents before the immediate measures.
"Smell" that is, to identify the host, the board whether there is a burning odor, easy to find the fault and determine the location of the short circuit.
"Touch" means to press the active chip of the tube base with your hand to see if the chip is loose or poor contact. In addition, when the system is running with a hand touch or close to the CPU, display, hard disk and other equipment according to its temperature can determine whether the equipment is running normally; touch the surface of some chips, if hot, the chip is damaged.
3. Unplugging test
As I said earlier, the computer malfunctioned for many reasons, the motherboard itself, I/O bus failure, a variety of plug-in card failure can lead to system operation is not normal. The unplugging repair method is a simple way to determine whether the failure occurs on the motherboard or the I/O device. The method is to turn off the machine, the plug-in board pulled out piece by piece, each pulled out of a board on the boot to observe the machine's operating status, once a piece of the motherboard after pulling out the normal operation, then the cause of the failure is the failure of the plug-in board failure or the corresponding I / O bus slots and load circuit failures. If you pull out all the plug-in boards after the system startup is still not normal, then the fault is likely to be on the motherboard.
Unplugging detection, but also from another aspect of computer troubleshooting: some chips, boards and slots with poor contact, these chips, boards and cards out of the re-inserted correctly can be resolved due to the installation of improper contact caused by microcomputer component failures.
4. Exchange detection
The same type of plug-in board, the same bus mode, the same function of the plug-in board or the same type of chip mutual exchange, according to the changes in the failure phenomenon can also determine where the fault lies. This method is mostly used for easy to unplug the maintenance environment, such as memory self-test error, can be exchanged for the same memory chips or memory sticks to determine the location of the fault, no fault between the chip exchange, the fault phenomenon remains, if the exchange of fault phenomenon changes, then the exchange of a piece of the chip is bad, can be further exchanged block by block to determine the location. If you can find the same model of microcomputer components or peripherals, the use of the exchange method can quickly determine whether the quality of the components themselves.
5. Comparison test
Running two or more of the same or type of computer, according to the normal computer and the fault of the microcomputer in the performance of the same operation of the different performance can be initially judged to be the part of the fault.
6. Vibration knock detection
Tap the chassis shell gently with a finger, if the fault is eliminated, indicating that the fault is caused by poor contact or soldering. Then, you can further check the location of the point of failure and exclude it, but such failures are difficult to detect the exact location.
7. Temperature detection
Artificially increase the temperature of the operating environment of the microcomputer, you can test the components, especially the CPU's resistance to high temperatures, and thus early detection of potential accidents. Reduce the temperature of the operating environment, if the failure rate is greatly reduced, indicating that the failure in the high temperature or can not withstand high temperature components, this move can help narrow the scope of fault diagnosis.
In fact, the heating down method is used to promote the principle of failure to create the conditions for the emergence of failure to promote the frequent occurrence of faults in order to observe and determine the location of the fault, only the specific implementation of the heating method should pay attention to control, the temperature should not exceed 40 degrees Celsius.
8. Running test program
With the wide application of various integrated circuits, welding process is becoming more and more complex, relying only on the general means of maintenance is often difficult to find out where the fault is, and through the random diagnostic procedures, special maintenance and diagnostic cards and according to a variety of technical parameters (such as the interface address), programmed to assist in the detection of a special diagnostic procedures, can often receive twice the result with half the effort. The principle of program testing is to use software to send data, commands, by reading the line status and a chip (such as registers) status to identify the fault areas. This method is often used to check a variety of interface circuit failures and a variety of circuits with address parameters, but the application of the premise is the basic operation of the CPU and the bus is normal, able to run the diagnostic software, able to run the diagnostic card installed in the I/O bus slot.
Choose when the diagnostic program should be strict, comprehensive, targeted, able to make some key parts of the regular signals, able to repeat the test on occasional faults, and can display the error record.
VI. How to diagnose computer malfunctions
Many beginners just touching the computer have a sense of fear that the computer's failure must be insurmountable big problem. In fact, most of the computer malfunctions have a certain pattern to follow, this aspect of the problem is like a layer of windowpaper, a poke on the break, and does not require you to have too much knowledge of the computer. Here are a few quick tips on how to diagnose computer problems.
Environmental inspection method
For some sudden hardware failure, such as boot no display. Let's not think about it in depth because we tend to overlook some details. First we should look at the obvious things: such as is there a power supply? Is the switch turned on? Is the power outlet energized? Are all the wires connected? Perhaps the root of the problem lies there.
CMOS restore method
Some users tend to change some settings in the motherboard's CMOS out of curiosity, and this is exactly one of the main reasons for the failure. If the computer malfunctions because of this, then we can restore the CMOS settings to solve the problem. The method is very simple, after the boot press the keyboard "Delete" key to enter the motherboard's CMOS, select the "Load Optimized Defaults" (load the default settings), press the "Y" key. "The newest addition to the system is a new version of the Intel? Core? processor, the Intel? Core? processor, and the Intel? Core? processor.
Registry recovery method
Some users like to modify the registry to achieve the optimization of the system settings or personalized settings, but also some users in the Internet browsing by malicious programs to modify the registry, some of the failure is due to the registry of the abnormal changes caused by. At this time we can restart the computer and switch to MS-DOS mode, in the root directory of the C disk, type and execute "scanreg/restore" to enter the registry recovery interface, and then select a computer when the registry file is intact, carry out the "Restore (Restore)". Restore", you can realize the registry recovery.
Streamlining the startup method
Part of the computer failure is in our installation of some software, if the computer can still enter the operating system, then we can start the menu, run the "msconfig" program, close the startup menu in addition to the "internat". "internat.exe, Scanregistry, Systemtray" in addition to all the programs. If the problem doesn't recur after restarting the computer, then it's probably caused by a piece of self-booting software.
Logged tracking method
If the computer has not been able to enter the Windows or enter the abnormal, then we can use Logged (\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Bootlog.txt) way to start the computer, so that the resulting Bootlog.txt file can record the failure to appear! The resulting Bootlog.txt file will record the location of the failure. Logged boot method is to press the F8 key on the keyboard when the system is booting, the boot menu will appear, select the Logged boot method, after the failure occurs, restart the computer with a Windows startup diskette, and then copy the Bootlog.txt file under the root directory of the C diskette to a floppy diskette, and then open the file on other computers, you will find that the file records the entire process of Windows startup. records the entire process of Windows startup, from which you can find the root cause of the problem.
Device Replacement
Device Replacement means that when you suspect a problem with a device, you replace it with a device of the same functionality (preferably of the same model), and if the problem disappears after you replace it, then most likely it is a problem with that device.
Minimal system method
If you're not sure which hardware has a problem, you can use the minimal system method to determine it. The minimal system method involves removing other hardware devices from the system, keeping only the three most essential components, the motherboard, the memory, and the graphics card, and then turning on the computer to see if there is still a problem. If so, other hardware problems can be ruled out and the fault should come from one of the three existing hardware. If not, then add the other hardware one by one to see which hardware fails after adding, and then deal with this hardware after finding out where the fault lies.
Program upgrade method
Many people don't pay enough attention to the driver, thinking that just installing one will do. However, we already have drivers when we buy hardware, so why do hardware manufacturers keep releasing new versions of drivers? In fact, the purpose of doing so is to make the vendor's own products even better.
Because today's hardware is so quickly updated, and because most hardware vendors develop hardware before they develop software, the drivers that come with the hardware may have some minor bugs when they are first released, and they need to be constantly updated to make up for those bugs. Therefore, upgrading drivers is also an effective way to solve hardware problems.
Software testing
Diagnosing hardware failures usually requires some information about the hardware, but many people don't have the habit of recording hardware information or don't know how to record it. Computer failure, may not be able to enter the system, this time we need a tool to test the hardware under DOS, such as HwInfo for DOS, its size is only 582KB, on a floppy disk can be carried around, with the help of which you can always diagnose hardware failure.
Three, 1 boot display black screen, only the indicator light, the host did not reflect any. Stretch your hand behind the host can not feel the fan in the turn. Measure the voltage of each circuit are not. Remove the found that the power supply regulator tube bad, change the normal.
2 long sound alarm at boot, should be memory failure. Unplug the memory, clear the gold finger, insert normal.
3 Power on and cpu fan are normal, but the screen does not reflect anything, and no self-test sound. This machine adopts slot1 structure, cpu easy to poor contact, reinstall normal.
4 boot self-test is normal, but the screen does not light. According to the owner of the machine, pulled the back of the display signal line. Unplugged a look, a pin was bent.
5 The screen does not light up. The machine does not self-test. With a meter pin shorted to the boot terminal on the motherboard, normal startup. It turns out that the panel start switch is broken.
6 boot not self-test, check the power supply is normal. Minimum system method, when removing the CD-ROM drive, the machine can start normally. And then put on the fault reappeared. Explain that there is a problem with the optical drive caused by the machine can not start. This case should cause peer attention.
7 boot does not start, according to the owner, he moved bios, want to overclock the cpu through the soft jumper, resulting in the emergence of this fault. Open the machine, to the motherboard discharge (motherboard has two pins for clear bios settings) after normal. The original, too high overclocking led to cpu strike.
8 Trouble with 7, the owner of the machine into the bios, the machine is set to "optimized settings", resulting in a black screen. The same as above.
9 Turn on the self-test sound, but the screen does not light. Use the test card to detect the host is not faulty. Open the monitor to see the host over the signal line on the monitor board to be soldered. Resoldering normal.
10 Same as above. Monitor switching power supply output is lower than normal, check the power switch ic bad.
10 Same as above.