Before her marriage, Mrs. Curie was known as Manya. Sklodowska (Manya Sklodowska in Polish), was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, which was under Russian rule at the time. Both of Manya's parents were teachers, and soon after her birth (she was their fifth child) they lost their teaching positions. In order to make ends meet, they took over the meals of some of their students. For this reason, young Manya also had to assist in cooking and work long hours every day. Yet she still won the medal of excellence for secondary school students. After graduating from high school, she worked as a governess, and in 1891 she traveled to Paris to attend the University of Paris, where she studied physics and mathematics and graduated at the top of her class. 1894 she met the French physicist Pierre Curie, and the following year they met. In 1894, she met the French physicist Pierre Curie, and they married the following year.
From 1896, Mr. and Mrs. Curie **** with the study of radioactivity. Before that, the German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923) discovered X-rays (for which he won the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Becquerel discovered that uranium salts emit similar rays. Madame Curie discovered that thorium (Th) was also radioactive and that pitchblende was more radioactive than any amount of uranium and thorium could account for. Mr. and Mrs. Curie then searched hard and finally announced the discovery of the radioactive element radium in 1898. They eventually produced 1 gram of pure radium chloride from 8 tons of spent bituminous uranium ore, and also came up with the idea that -rays (which are now known to be composed of electrons) are negatively charged particles.
In 1906 Pierre. Curie was tragically killed by a horse-drawn carriage, but Mrs. Curie was not deterred; she continued her research and in 1910, together with Andre Debierne (1874-1949, who had discovered the radioactive element actinium Ac from bituminous uranium ore in 1899), isolated pure metallic radium.
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Madame Curie equipped ambulances with X-ray equipment and drove them to the front. The International Red Cross appointed her to head the radiology ambulance service. With the assistance of her daughters, Irene Curie and Martha Klein, Madame Curie gave a course at the Radium Institute to the nurses of doctors in military hospitals to teach them how to use the new technology of X-rays. in the late 1920s, Madame Curie's health began to decline, and her prolonged exposure to radiation led to leukemia, which she finally developed. On July 4, 1934, she died. A few months earlier, her daughter Irene and son-in-law Joliot-Curie had announced the discovery of artificial radioactivity (for which they were both awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry).
Madame Curie lived most of her life in poverty, and the grueling process of extracting radium was accomplished under modest conditions. The Curies refused to patent any of their discoveries in order to give everyone the freedom to utilize their findings. They used the Nobel Prize and its winnings for future research. One of the outstanding applications of their work was the use of radioactivity in the treatment of cancer.
Madame Curie was a great physicist who was born in Poland, her real name was Marie, and she became known as Madame Curie after marrying a young French scholar, Pierre Curie. She and her husband*** worked together to discover and confirm the existence of the element radium. Here we are going to tell you how Mr. and Mrs. Curie discovered the mysterious substance radium.
In 1898, the French physicist AntoineHenri Becquerel discovered that uranium-bearing minerals could radiate a mysterious ray, but failed to reveal the mystery of this ray. Marie and her husband Pierrecurie*** undertook to study this ray. They separated and analyzed the bituminous uranium ore under extremely difficult conditions and finally discovered two new elements in July and December 1898 successively.
In honor of her native Poland, she named one element polonium and the other radium, meaning "radioactive substance". In order to produce pure radium compounds, Mrs. Curie and lasted four (MarieCuI7e, 1867 - 1934) loads, from tons of asphalt uranium ore in the slag refining 1O0 mg of radium chloride, and preliminary measurements of radium's relative atomic mass is 225. this simple number of cohesion of Mr. and Mrs. Curie's blood and sweat.
In June 1903, Madame Curie received her doctoral degree in physics from the University of Paris for her dissertation on the study of radioactive substances. In November of the same year, Mr. and Mrs. Curie were awarded the David Gold Medal by the Royal Society, and in December, they were awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Becquerel***.
In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a car accident. This heavy blow did not make her give up the pursuit of obsession, she endured the grief to redouble their efforts to complete their beloved scientific career. She continued her husband's lectures at the University of Paris, where she became the first woman professor, and in 1910 she published her famous book On Radioactivity. In the same year, she collaborated with others to analyze the pure metal radium and to measure its properties. She also determined the half-life of oxygen and other elements, and published a series of important treatises on radioactivity. In view of these major achievements, she forked the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, becoming the first great scientist in history to win the Nobel Prize twice.
The founder of the science of radioactivity, who tasted the pain of science, because of many years of hard work, suffering from pernicious anemia (leukemia) on July 4, 1934, unfortunately passed away, her scientific cause for mankind, and sacrificed a glorious life.
The story of the discovery of radium
Before the discovery of radium by Mr. and Mrs. Curie, it was just known that there was a rare metal called uranium, which could send out rays with penetrating ability, which is X-ray. When Mrs. Curie learned of this, she immediately thought that perhaps there were other substances that had similar radiating abilities to uranium. In order to confirm this conjecture, they began to do experiments.
Mr. and Mrs. Curie had a storage room converted into a small laboratory, this laboratory has no floor, cold in winter and hot in summer, the house only a bad chimney stove, four benches of different lengths and a broken blackboard. It was in this laboratory that they began their hard work.
Mary used her instruments to observe a kind of pitchblende uranium ore, which she thought contained another highly radioactive element, a new element that had not yet been discovered. She and her husband decided to find this element, which they first called "radium" to confirm the existence of radium, it is necessary to extract it from the pitchblende. In order to save money, they did not buy expensive pitchblende uranium ore, but only large quantities of the residue of pitchblende uranium ore from which the uranium had been extracted. There was special refining equipment in the yard, but it was subject to the scorching sun in the summer and freezing in the winter. If it rains heavily, the two men have to manhandle the machinery inside again.
Mary and her husband devoted themselves to their work. Every day they wore overalls stained with dust and various liquids, guarded the boiling minerals in the pots, and kept stirring them with the iron bars in their hands. The soot and poisonous gases irritated their eyes and throats, making it very difficult for them. This kind of work is hard and monotonous, so, one year, two years, three years continued, radium still did not appear.
Because it was too hard, the husband wanted to stop working for a while, but Mrs. Curie said, "No, I will never give up, I believe we will succeed!" They imagined that radium would have a beautiful color, and when they were tired of working they would sit and talk about this new element, radium, which made them excited and thrilled.
Finally, one day, the radium that Marie and Pierre had daydreamed about appeared.
That night, they returned home and were slow to sleep. Mrs. Curie, in particular, felt a sense of unease in her heart, so she stood up and took her husband by the hand, saying, "Come on, let's go there, shall we?"
"There" was their laboratory. They hurried to the lab in the moonlight, as if they heard radium calling them softly.
The couple traveled down the street, past factories, empty lots, through a residential neighborhood, and finally into their tiny laboratory.
When the door was opened, Mary said softly, "Don't light the lamp, dear! Don't we want radium to have beautiful colors?" Pierre nods, "Well then, let's have a look."
The room was dark, and in the darkness, if anything, there was a fluorescent blue light that jumped in the darkness like a firefly in the night. Marie looked at this beautiful blue light and was so excited that she clasped Pierre's hand. She knew that they had succeeded, and that this beautiful light was the light emitted by the mysterious element radium.
After four years, Mr. and Mrs. Curie overcame the difficulties and proved the existence of radium. Many scientists, who originally did not believe in the existence of radium, were now forced to recognize it in front of the facts. They expressed their admiration for Mr. and Mrs. Curie ＊ńひ嚎产琌猧孽ネ? What? Is it a good idea?
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