Accident emergency rescue plan consists of two parts: external plan and internal plan.
1) external plan
External plan, formulated by the local government, the local government of the area under its jurisdiction of flammable and explosive and dangerous goods production enterprises, public **** places, key facilities should be formulated accident emergency rescue plan. External plans and internal plans to complement each other, especially small and medium-sized enterprises with insufficient internal emergency rescue capabilities more need for external emergency relief.
2) internal plan
Internal plan by the relevant production and management units to develop, the internal plan contains the overall plan and each hazardous unit plan.
The content of the internal plan includes: organizational implementation, the development of a system of responsibility, the identification of hazardous targets, alarms and signaling systems, measures to prevent accidents, the implementation of emergency rescue measures, rescue equipment and equipment storage, evacuation, etc.
2 Specific measures to prevent accidents and prevent accidents are as follows.
2 Specific content and examples
A chemical plant "plant basic information" to prepare an example
① Geographic location, environment, engineering geological profile. The plant is located in the north latitude of a certain degree and a certain minute, east longitude of a certain degree and a certain minute. It covers an area of 820,000 square meters. The plant is adjacent to a certain acrylic acid plant in the east; a certain gas plant in the south; a certain wharf in the west; a certain chemical plant and a certain fine chemical plant in the north (the following content is omitted).
②Scale and status. The plant was founded in a year, is one of the earliest construction of China's chemical base. At present, the plant *** there are thousands of people, the main production workshop 9, 6 auxiliary workshops, composed of a management network at the division level, including the production safety management network is shown in Figure (omitted).
The main products of the factory are: malebutadiene rubber, ESP, AS, phenol, acetone, acrylonitrile, latex paint and so on. There are a large number of toxic and hazardous media and flammable and explosive materials in the factory due to production needs. Such as: liquid ammonia, hydrocyanic acid, acrylonitrile, carbon 4, butadiene, benzene, etc., distributed in all workshops and departments of the plant. Due to the wide distribution of these toxic and hazardous and flammable and explosive materials, large storage capacity, once the accident occurs, it will lead to material spillage, combustion and explosion, posing a serious threat to the factory production and staff life safety.
3 factory roads and transportation vehicles.
A. Traffic situation: the plant's main traffic roads are 8, 2 floating docks, 2 material docks (building materials dock and dangerous goods dock), 1 landing craft dock (distribution status is omitted).
B. Transportation capacity: the plant has 201 motor vehicles. Vehicles by function, distribution list (the following content is omitted).
2) the number of hazardous sources and distribution map
(1) the identification of hazardous sources. According to the production, use, storage of hazardous substances, varieties, quantities, hazardous characteristics and the consequences of accidents may cause, to determine the emergency rescue of the source of danger, can be ranked according to the size of the danger of the 1st source of danger, the 2nd source of danger, the 3rd source of danger and so on.
(2) Draw a distribution map and label the number.
(3) Assessment of potential hazards. For each identified hazardous source to make an assessment of the potential danger, that is, in the event of an accident may cause the consequences of the possible harm to the surrounding environment and the scope of the impact. Predict the path that may lead to accidents, such as misuse, equipment disrepair, corrosion, process control, material impurity, leakage and so on.
A chemical plant 200,000t / a phenol acetone workshop "the number of sources of danger and distribution map" prepared as an example
①Production process and major equipment.
②Production process route and flow chart. The two sets of devices in this workshop adopt two different process routes:
-2.4 million t/a phenol acetone (old device) adopts the traditional non-homogeneous hydrocarbonization technology of alumina to produce isopropylbenzene, which generates isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide after oxidation, and then adopts resin decomposition method to produce phenol acetone (process flow diagram is abbreviated).
-120,000t/a phenol acetone (newly introduced plant) adopts advanced molecular sieve liquid phase hydrocarbonization technology to produce isopropylbenzene, which is oxidized in three towers to generate isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, and then adopts sulfuric acid decomposition method to produce phenol acetone (process flow diagram is abbreviated).
③Material situation and hazard analysis.
- Combustible materials (omitted).
-Chemical materials: in general, chemical and organic materials are not only flammable and explosive, and toxic, and some are even highly toxic, the workshop's toxic materials and toxicity is summarized. Each poison is introduced: physical properties, use in production, human inhalation pathway, acute poisoning symptoms, chronic poisoning symptoms, the consequences of poisoning, antidotes, treatment (specific content omitted).
3) Command organization set up and responsibilities
(1) command organization. Production and management units set up a chemical accident emergency rescue "command leading group", by the plant director, the relevant deputy director and production, safety, equipment, security, health, environmental protection and other departmental leaders, under the Emergency Rescue Office, the day-to-day work by the security department also manages. In the event of a major accident, the command and leadership group immediately in place, the director of the plant as commander-in-chief, the deputy director of the relevant deputy director as deputy commander-in-chief, responsible for the organization and command of the plant's emergency rescue work, the command department can be located in the production scheduling office. In the preparation of the "plan" should be clear, if the director and deputy director of the plant is not in the enterprise, by the security department or other departments responsible for the temporary commander-in-chief, fully responsible for emergency rescue work.
(2) command organization responsibilities. Command leading group: responsible for unit "plan" development, revision; the formation of emergency rescue professional team, organization and implementation and drills; inspection and supervision of major accidents and preventive measures and emergency rescue preparations.
Command: in the event of a major accident, the command issued and lifted the emergency rescue orders, signals; organization of rescue teams to implement rescue operations; report to the higher-ups and to the friendly neighboring units to inform the accident, if necessary, to the relevant units to send a request for rescue; - organization of the accident investigation, summing up the lessons learned from the emergency rescue.
(3) Command staff division of labor.
a. Commander-in-chief: organizing and directing the emergency rescue of the whole plant;
b. Deputy commander-in-chief: assisting the commander-in-chief to be responsible for the specific command of the emergency rescue;
c. Commanding officer: working under the unified command;
d. Head of the safety section: assisting the commander-in-chief to do a good job of the accident alarm, notification and disposal of the accident;
e. Security Section: responsible for fire fighting, alert, security, evacuation, road control work;
f. Production Section (or scheduler): responsible for accident disposal of the production system, opening and stopping scheduling work; accident scene communication and liaison and external contacts;
g. Equipment (motorized) Section: to assist the commander-in-chief is responsible for the scene of the engineering rescue and repair work;
h. Health section chief (including gas prevention station chief): responsible for on-site medical rescue command and poisoning, classification of injured people rescue and escort transfer work;
i. General affairs section chief: responsible for the rescue of injured, poisoned people's daily necessities supply;
j. Supply and marketing section chief: responsible for the supply of rescue and relief materials and transportation work;
k. Environmental protection section chief: responsible for the scene of the accident and the spread of hazardous substances in the area of harmlessness;
k. Environmental Protection Section: responsible for the accident scene and the harmless treatment of hazardous substances in the proliferation of the region and monitoring work, if necessary, on behalf of the General Command to release relevant information to the outside world. If there is no corresponding section, the division of labor by the section with similar responsibilities, and in the plan to be clear.
(4) The organizational structure for handling emergencies is shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2 Organizational structure for dealing with emergencies
Example of a chemical plant's preparation of the "Emergency Rescue Command Structure and Responsibilities"
(1) Emergency response system and chain of command.
1) Emergency relief headquarters in the plant production scheduling room.
-Commander: Director of the plant;
-Vice Commander: Deputy Director of the plant, Chief Engineer;
-Command members: Deputy Chief Engineer, Director of Production, Director of Equipment, Director of Security, Director of Technology, Director of Personnel, Director of Administration, Chairman of the Labor Union of the plant, Director of Supply and Marketing, Director of Safety Supervision;
-Daily to the production scheduling office as a contact Command, once a disaster occurs, that is, by the rescue and relief headquarters unified command.
② Workshop rescue and relief leading group.
-workshop command: workshop director;
-members: safety officer, technician, equipment officer, material officer, section chief, shift leader.
(2) should be first aid mitigation organization and personnel duties (omitted).
(3) Emergency relief command system diagram (omitted).
4) equipment and communication network and contact
In order to ensure timely and effective emergency rescue work, must be equipped with equipment and equipment in advance, and make provisions for signaling.
Must be aimed at the source of danger and according to the needs of the rescue and repair, individual protection, medical rescue, communication and liaison equipment and equipment are fully equipped. Usually to special maintenance, custody, inspection, to ensure that the equipment is always in good condition, to ensure that can be effectively used.
Signal regulations: a variety of communication tools / alarms and accident signals, usually must make clear provisions for the alarm method, contact number and signaling regulations to be placed in a conspicuous position, so that every duty officer master.
A chemical plant "equipment and communication network and contact" writing example
(1) rescue technology and equipment.
① fire trucks: 6, with a fire truck configuration table (omitted);
② material reserves: more than 8t of fluorine protein foam, more than 2t of dry powder, 4t of anti-soluble foam;
③ gas masks: oxygen masks respirator equipped with 6 sets of 2 sets of insulated clothing.
(2) Communication equipment and communication network.
①Alarm switchboard 1, telephone 120 doors, distributed throughout the plant workshops and departments, ready to contact the fire department;
② JHM-85 base radio 1, JHM-85 fire truck radio 3, FYA-903 hand-held 6. Form a complete communication and liaison system.
(3) signaling provisions. Accident or disaster occurs, through the scene alarm, radio, alarm switchboard and telephone report information.
5)Tasks and training of specialized emergency rescue teams
(1)Rescue teams. Production and management units in accordance with the actual needs, should establish a variety of non-productive professional rescue team, including: rescue and repair team, medical rescue team, volunteer firefighters, communication security team, security team, etc. Rescue team is the backbone of the chemical accident emergency rescue, responsible for the production and management units of various types of major accidents disposal tasks. Production and management units of the staff hospital should bear the poisoned casualties of the scene and hospital rescue treatment tasks.
(2) training and exercises. Strengthen the training of each rescue team. Command leading group should be from the practical point of view, for the hazardous source of possible accidents, at least once a year to organize a simulation exercise, the command structure and the rescue team to train into a good thinking, technology, style of hard command team and rescue team. Once an accident occurs, the command organization can correctly command, each rescue team can according to their respective tasks in a timely and effective way to remove the danger, control and eliminate the accident, rescue the injured, and do a good job of emergency rescue work.
A chemical plant "emergency rescue professional team tasks and training" to prepare examples
(1) accident and disaster rescue organization.
①rescue command and communication security: the emergency rescue headquarters;
② emergency relief: the fire department is responsible for the configuration of 69 full-time firefighters, with fire prevention class, maintenance class, combat class A, combat class B;
③ emergency rescue: chemical accidents emergency rescue team is responsible for the team leader: deputy director of the production; deputy head: deputy director of the plant equipment; rescue command: Health section; emergency rescue team consists of all the staff of the Health Section (30 medical staff, 22 hygienists, 15 ambulance team);
4 personnel evacuation: human defense and security section is responsible for assisting the workshops and departments to establish a rescue and relief of disaster management and protection network; in the event of accidents and disasters is responsible for the evacuation of personnel to maintain law and order within the plant, to prevent sabotage, to ensure that the evacuation routes are clear;
5 restoration of production: by the workshop equipment, equipment and equipment, the plant is the only one of its kind in the chemical accident, the production of the chemical accident is the only one of its kind in the chemical accident. ⑤ Resumption of production: the deputy director of workshop equipment is responsible for the equipment clerk to formulate the rescue program, the preservation group, warehouse and rescue and disaster relief commando team is responsible for the rescue and repair.
(2) Emergency rescue drill. Led by the plant emergency rescue command, relying on the fire department with the ability to exercise, health section, human resources department, the defense department to carry out joint exercises in accident and disaster prevention (1 to 2 times a year).
6)Measures to prevent accidents
The identified sources of danger, according to the way it may lead to accidents, take targeted preventive measures to avoid accidents. All kinds of preventive measures must establish a system of responsibility, implemented to the department (unit) and individuals. For the occurrence of a large number of toxic and hazardous materials leakage, fire, etc., should also develop measures to reduce the degree of harm.
A chemical plant "accident emergency rescue plan" written as an example
The chemical plant this content is called "monitoring network, preventive measures and responsibilities.
(1) Determination of key safety control points. Since the materials in the plant are heat-sensitive, flammable, explosive, and toxic, the hazards of plant operation are considerable. According to the distribution of materials, the key safety control point of the device is confirmed to be the polymerization kettle.
(2) Monitoring network and preventive measures for key safety control points.
① key safety control points of the management network (a);
② key safety control points at all levels of management responsibility network (a);
③ key safety control points, equipment at all levels of management personnel and operators to monitor the responsibility system:
- workshop director: overall responsibility, focusing on the implementation of the key safety control points of the process operation indicators and inspection;
-Workshop production director: responsible for developing and revising the key safety control points of safety management methods and safety precautions, organizing inspectors to regularly check the key safety control points and make records;
-Workshop equipment director: responsible for developing and revising the key equipment for plant control of the safety management methods;
-Workshop safety officer: responsible for the key safety control points and accident-prone equipment at all levels of management personnel and operators monitoring responsibility system. Key safety control points and accident-prone parts of the daily inspection, set up eye-catching warning signs;
-workshop technicians, equipment, section chiefs in the daily post inspection, to strengthen the key safety control points of the inspection, 2 times a day, and recorded in the daily post ledger;
-Operators: hourly inspection tags, record the key safety control points in the shift handover book. control points.
(3) Hidden dangers and treatment of key safety control points. Device in the normal operation of the hidden danger found in the process, the operator in conjunction with the shift supervisor to confirm, according to the operating law in a timely manner to eliminate hidden dangers; such as the class can not be eliminated, then notify the workshop management personnel in a timely manner to formulate a plan to eliminate hidden dangers and eliminate hidden dangers; workshop can not be resolved, then reported to the plant scheduling and related professional sections, *** with the consultation to eliminate hidden dangers; for the device can not be eliminated during operation of hidden dangers, then together with the plant scheduling and related professional sections to formulate a reliable safety control points, the plant scheduling and the relevant professional sections. For hidden dangers that can not be eliminated during the operation of the device, we will work with the plant scheduling and related specialized departments to formulate reliable safety protection measures.
(4) Pressure vessels and accessories safety management regulations. The pressure vessels in use in the workshop are inspected and tested regularly and records are kept; the safety accessories of the vessels are inspected frequently; the operators are required to check the pressure vessels and safety accessories running in production carefully, report the problems to the technicians in time, and make the necessary inspections according to the situation to ensure the safe operation of the pressure vessels.
7)Disposal of accidents
Development of emergency disposal programs and rescue procedures for major accidents.
(1) Disposal program. According to the hazardous source simulation accident state, develop a variety of accident state emergency disposal program, such as a large number of toxic gas leakage, poisoning of many people, fire, explosion, water and power outages, etc., including communication and liaison, rescue and rescue, medical care, casualty transfer, evacuation of personnel, production system command, reporting and contacting, and call for assistance action plan.
(2) handling procedures. Command should develop an accident handling procedures chart, once a major accident occurs, the first step of what to do first, what should be done in the second step, and what to do in the third step, are clearly defined. Do not panic in the face of danger, the correct command.
When a major accident occurs, all relevant departments should immediately be in a state of emergency, under the unified command of the command, according to the assessment of the potential danger of the source of danger, according to the disposition of the program to deal with and control the accident in an orderly manner, neither panic, nor paralysis, and try to control the accident in the smallest possible extent, minimize casualties and property damage.
A chemical plant butadiene latex workshop "accident disposal program and handling procedures" to write an example
The chemical plant this content is called "emergency treatment of accidents".
(1) Pre-analysis of accidents.
①External factors.
-Power failure: the preparation post and the degassing post stop working without danger; the polymerization post takes different measures according to the different stages of the reaction (specific measures are omitted).
-Water failure: the preparation post and the degassing post stop working without danger; the polymerization post uses water to cool the jacket medium and the stirring shaft seal (specific measures are omitted).
-Stop steam: preparation post in the soap preparation, if not heated or heating temperature does not meet the target, then stop preparation.
-Stop air: nitrogen for polymerization kettle production is bottled nitrogen, no effect; preparation and degassing stop conveying additives to the storage tank, the rest has no effect.
-Stop frozen brine: preparation, degassing post no effect.
② Danger caused by abnormal process.
-Equipment failure: polymerization post may mixing kettle stirring failure or mixing monomer feed pump failure, please electrician repair.
-Instrumentation failure: device polymerization temperature, pressure, flow (level) are primary and secondary instrumentation, if the secondary instrumentation failure to primary instrumentation shall prevail, if the secondary instrumentation failure, resulting in a primary instrumentation indication of over-temperature, over-pressure, according to the over-temperature, over-pressure to take measures (specific measures to be omitted).
-Super temperature: stop feeding, open enough jacket cooling water to take away the heat.
-overpressure: stop feeding, overpressure due to butadiene and other monomers produced by the end of the polymer polymer, resulting in blockage of the safety valve, the loss of pressure relief. Open the safety valve bypass to relieve the pressure, when the pressure is down and within the control range, resume feeding.
-Material leakage: latex production has dangerous leakage of substances, mainly butadiene and styrene.
-Butadiene: generally is the liquid level meter tube broken or gasket damage caused by internal leakage of the valve, the valve should be closed immediately to reduce the amount of leakage, and quickly solve the problem, and at the same time, water dispersal of the material, so that its gasification to disperse.
-Styrene: the reason for leakage with butadiene, in addition, when the storage tank empty pipe running material, find out the reason, immediately close the valve to reduce the leakage, and use water to flush, so that styrene concentration, as far as possible, recycling barrels.
(2) Accident emergency procedures. Once the accident occurs, the workshop disaster relief leading group should immediately report to the higher leading organization, and leave a person to keep in touch with the higher level, other leaders should lead all the members to go to the accident site in time, immediately call the raiders to concentrate, understand the development of the accident, actively put into the rescue and take effective measures according to the different conditions of the danger (including the cooperation with the higher level to come to the site personnel, outside the workshop to support the personnel). coordination, post personnel to stay and safety evacuation, etc.).
(3) Specific emergency response.
①Fire, explosion accident.
-External: call to notify the dispatch;
-Internal: generally Yu rubber burning and styrene, butadiene running material burning. When the fire is small, the shift manager organizes the staff on duty to extinguish the fire with light water foam extinguisher, and at the same time report to the dispatch; when the fire is large, directly alarm, and at the same time, according to the post operation law of the emergency stop treatment.
②Heavy rain and floods, storms (slightly).
③Lightning disaster.
-Breakdown of toxic substances storage tanks: butadiene, styrene storage tanks on fire, close the bottom discharge valve, extinguish the fire with a fire extinguishing machine, such as the fire is large, then the alarm;
-Breakdown of electrical equipment: according to the blackout, while using dry powder or carbon dioxide extinguishers to extinguish fire on fire parts, and ask the electrician to repair;
-Breakdown of the auto-control system: operated with manual control.
④Hurricane, tornado, typhoon disaster (slightly).
⑤ Leakage of combustible materials. Handle the situation according to the leakage of butadiene and styrene, and search for the leakage point at the same time.
6 Other disasters. Refer to "Plant Specific Emergency Response" (omitted) in the job operation method.
8)Engineering rescue and repair
Effective engineering rescue and repair is the key to controlling and eliminating accidents. Emergency personnel should be based on the pre-drafted program, on the basis of good personal protection, the fastest speed and timely plugging of leakage and elimination of accidents.
At present, some domestic foreign-funded enterprises in the safety management pay close attention to "accident prevention" and "evacuation". Accidents immediately "alarm", but generally do not advocate "rescue", because the company's property has been insured, accident losses can be responsible for by the insurance company.
But, the Chinese people *** and the State Production Safety Law "Article 42 provides that" production and management units in the event of a major production safety accidents, the main person in charge of the unit should be immediately organized rescue, and shall not be absent without leave during the accident investigation and handling. Therefore, after the accident, the production and management unit should immediately organize rescue and relief to prevent the accident from expanding.
A chemical plant tank area "engineering rescue repair" to prepare an example
This is a paragraph on the storage tank receiver, flange and the corresponding ancillary piping leakage engineering rescue repair program.
(1) the preparatory work before the plugging and rescue.
① leakage of storage tanks of materials, should be as far as possible to other storage tanks of the same material transfer unloading, in order to reduce the liquid level and pressure;
② fire and explosion cordon;
③ leakage of storage tanks around the other tanks to open the fire sprinkler water to be protected;
④ order the relevant personnel to make good to the tanks or leaking parts of the top of the water to get ready for the work;
⑤ leakage engineering rescue repair program before.
5 order the leakage plugging personnel ready to plugging apparatus, explosion-proof tools, air respirators, etc., according to the leakage parts and specifications and size, prepare the appropriate plugging fixture, hydraulic glue injector and sealant, etc., ready for plugging.
(2) Top water operation.
1) notify the fire department car to the scene ready to leak storage tanks or parts of the top water;
2) shift top water operators with the fire department to install a good top water fire belt, the shift leader notified the fire truck to the leaking tanks or leaking parts of the top water. Tank water inlet valves by the shift water operators are responsible for controlling the switch;
3 top water operators should pay close attention to the leak, when the leak is found to start spraying water outward instead of material, it can be assumed that the top water has achieved the desired effect, the plugging operation can be carried out;
4 to the top of the tank water, must pay close attention to the level and pressure of the storage tank, prohibited over the level and pressure, and according to the leak spraying situation, and the top water to the tank, must pay close attention to the level and pressure of the tank, prohibited over level and pressure, and according to the top water to the tank, must be used in the tank, and must be used in the tank. And according to the leakage of water spraying, at any time to notify the fire engine fleet to adjust the amount of water.
(3) plugging operation.
① shift leakage personnel must check the air respirator to reach the normal effective, back air respirator, wear a good mask, take the pre-prepared explosion-proof tools, the corresponding fixture, glue injector and sealant, etc. to enter the leakage site (leakage personnel is generally composed of two people);
② leakage personnel will be matching the leakage site leakage clamps are fixed in the leakage site, and bolted, to be completely fixed, with a pre-existing already in place, and the leakage clamps are fixed in the leakage site. To be completely fixed, with a pre-filled sealant has been filled with a hydraulic glue injector to the fixture of the reserved injection holes in the sealant injection;
3 in the injection process, the leakage will gradually reduce the leakage until it disappears, at this time it can be considered that the leakage rescue has been basically completed.
(4) the end of the plugging and rescue work.
① properly fixed clamps and check whether it is effective;
② stop to the leakage point top water;
③ stop to the other tanks of the fire sprinkler;
④ inventory equipment, withdrawn;
⑤ to the superiors to report, and accept the verification of the superiors.
9) On-site medical care
Timely and effective on-site medical care is an important part of reducing casualties.
(1)The workshop should establish a rescue team, and every worker should learn CPR. Once the accident appears injured, the first thing to do is to do a good job of self-rescue and mutual aid, chemical burns, should be immediately at the scene with water for a sufficient period of time for flushing.
(2) For patients who have been poisoned, they should be injected with special antidotes or given necessary medical treatment before being transferred to various hospitals according to the degree of poisoning and injury.
(3) There should be a chart of rescue procedures in the rescue rooms of hospitals and health centers in factories, and every medical staff should be proficient in the specific contents and requirements of each step of rescue measures.
A chemical plant "on-site medical care" written as an example
This is a hazardous source of some of the toxic substances derived from the scene of poisoning rescue measures.
(1) Chlorine gas.
① Characteristics: yellowish green, toxic gas (irritating).
②Symptoms of poisoning:
-Mild: coughing, shortness of breath, tearing, chest tightness;
-Severe: severe coughing, dyspnea, rapid heart rate, facial purple, pneumonia.
③First aid measures:
-To evacuate the poisoned person from the scene quickly and move him/her to a place where the air is fresh to lie down;
-To loosen his/her clothes and belt;
-To give symptomatic treatments such as stopping cough and inhaling oxygen.
(2) Acrylonitrile.
①Characteristics: colorless transparent flowing liquid with special almond odor.
②Symptoms of poisoning: headache, dizziness, general weakness, epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, dyspnea, bitter taste in the mouth, numbness in the hands and feet, sometimes palpitations, fear, irritability, sweating, convulsions, coma and other symptoms.
③First-aid measures:
-The poisoned person should be evacuated from the scene quickly, move to the fresh air place, change the clothes contaminated by acrylonitrile, and wash the skin;
-Oxygen inhalation should be given;
-The injection of 50% sodium thiosulphate in mild cases should be 10-20mL, which can be repeated if necessary;
-In case of endosulfanation, in addition to the above mentioned first aid, 2% bicarbonate of soda should also be given to the person who has been poisoned by inhalation.
-In addition to the above first aid, 2% sodium bicarbonate or 1:50,000 potassium permanganate gastric lavage is also required;
-Supplementary treatment;
-Severely sent to the hospital for first aid.
(3) Benzene.
①Characteristics: colorless transparent oily liquid with special fragrance.
② poisoning symptoms:
-mild: excitement, headache, dizziness, cough, nausea, palpitations and other symptoms;
-severe: vertigo, generalized drunkenness, slow reaction, trance, and other symptoms;
-severe: can produce a sudden loss of consciousness, deep coma, drop in blood pressure, pupil dilatation and heart rate increases, hallucinations, hallucinations and other symptoms. symptoms.
③First aid measures:
-The poisoned person should be evacuated from the scene quickly, move to the fresh air place, take off the contaminated clothes, wash the skin thoroughly and pay attention to warmth;
-Oxygen inhalation should be given to the person who has respiratory difficulty;
-If respiration stops, the person should be given artificial respiration;
-The serious person should be sent to the hospital to be treated or resuscitated.
10) emergency safety evacuation
The occurrence of major accidents, may be a threat to the plant area, outside the crowd safety, must be under the unified command of the command department, emergency evacuation of personnel unrelated to the accident emergency rescue. Production and management units in the highest building should be set up "wind vane". Evacuation direction, distance and centralized location, must be based on different accidents, to make specific provisions. The general principle is to evacuate the safe point in the prevailing wind direction, as shown in Figure 5-3.
Figure 5-3 Emergency Evacuation Scope
To the possible threat to the safety of the residents outside the plant (including adjacent units of personnel), the command should immediately contact the local authorities to guide the residents to quickly evacuate to a safe place.
"People's Republic of China *** and the State Work Safety Law" Article 34 provides that "production and business premises and employee dormitories should be equipped with emergency evacuation requirements, obvious signs, and keep the exit open. It is prohibited to close or block the exits of production camps or employee dormitories."
A foreign company's "emergency security evacuation" preparation example
This is a foreign company's "emergency evacuation plan" on the procedural document excerpts, it is worth learning.
(1) Emergency evacuation signal. Any emergency occurs in the company (especially in the company's emergency evacuation alarm), all employees and visitors, must follow the company's "Emergency Evacuation Plan" action.
(2) Requirements for members of the emergency preparedness team. When the alarm is issued, the team members should immediately arrive at the designated area of responsibility to guide the company's employees and visitors to leave the building in an orderly manner. After everyone has left, check the area each person is responsible for, and ensure that no unrelated persons remain before leaving. When an injured person is found, under the condition that the environment is confirmed to be safe, the injured person must be assisted first, and at the same time have the right to ask for the assistance of any employee in the vicinity. If you cannot confirm the safety of the environment or the environment is obviously harmful to the rescuer, you should first do personal protection before carrying out rescue work.
(3) Requirements for employees. When the alarm is issued, all employees should unconditionally turn off the electrical equipment being operated, and at the same time leave the building to gather at the designated place according to the "Emergency Evacuation Diagram". In the event that a colleague or visitor is injured, they should first determine the safety of the environment before rendering assistance. After all the employees leave the building as soon as possible, they should quickly gather in the designated place beforehand, and at the same time, the manager of each department or authorized personnel count the number of people who should be present and the number of visitors and report to the centralized area statistician in time. In order to promptly know whether there are employees or visitors stranded in the building. All personnel stay in the designated centralized location until the alarm is lifted.
(4) Requirements for drivers and guards. After the alarm is issued, company drivers, drivers of leased vehicles, and drivers of visitors' vehicles must immediately drive their respective vehicles out of the parking lot so as not to impede the passage of vehicles of external organizations for assistance. Factory guards should open the factory gate to the maximum in time, and at the same time direct the personnel and vehicles in the factory to leave in one direction and prohibit re-entry, and direct the external organization to rescue vehicles to enter the factory in an orderly manner.
(5) centralized location arrangements. A square outside the east and west doors of the plant, for the emergency personnel concentration area.
(6) Procedures for re-entry. The purpose is to confirm that the emergency is over and the danger has been eliminated.
Steps: first by the equipment manager to check to confirm that all electrical equipment switch closed, open the main power supply, lighting switches, emergency channel indicator, and then by the company's equipment personnel to open the automatic fire detection system, and finally all personnel to enter.
(7) Emergency evacuation schematic diagram (omitted).
11)Social support
Article 72 of the "Chinese People's **** and State Work Safety Law" stipulates that "any unit or individual shall support and cooperate with the rescue of the accident and provide all convenient conditions."
Once a major accident occurs in a production and operation unit, when the unit's rescue and relief forces are insufficient or may jeopardize the safety of society, the commanding department must immediately notify its superiors and neighboring units, and request the assistance of social forces if necessary. Social rescue team into the plant, the command should be tasked with special liaison, guide and tell the safety precautions.
Example of "social support" for a machining plant
This is sometimes referred to as "external available resources", and can generally be tabulated. See Table 5-1 for details.
Note: After an emergency occurs, the plant security department will call the police, who must state: the name of the plant, the address and location of the plant, the phone number and the contact person; when external emergency personnel enter the plant, the plant security personnel should be a guide, and explain the circumstances of the emergency.
--Safety Evaluation (Revised Edition) (Coal Industry Press, January 2004)