Mention of garbage, people tend to think that it does not pollute the environment, and very few people consider the harmfulness of the existence of garbage, in fact, garbage is not only the main cause of air quality decline, water pollution, waste of resources, but also an important issue that cannot be ignored in the development of the economy.
Preventing and treating garbage pollution has become a new topic, and to understand the impact of garbage on the environment, first recognize the generation of garbage.
1, the main source of garbage
Garbage is a material discarded as waste, his generation is accompanied by production methods and daily life works brought about by the problem. Our country produces 3 billion tons of garbage every year, and it is also on the rise, causing great pressure on the environment and resources, greatly exceeding the natural self-purification ability. These wastes mainly come from:
(1) industrial production
The factory a large number of wastewater, waste gas, waste residue, toxic, hazardous substances, chemical residues, untreated on the direct open-air piling, landfill or illegally dumped into the river, the water source near the residents' residences, resulting in resource pollution, ecological damage.
(2) domestic garbage
Because of the residents' environmental awareness is not strong, the garbage disposal facilities can not keep up with the large number of use of disposable products, randomly discarded waste paper, waste glass, indiscriminate dumping of sewage phenomenon is extremely common, resulting in the flow of garbage and dust pollution can not be controlled by the root cause.
(3) medical waste
has a large number of pathogens bacteria, and clinical diagnosis of the special materials left behind, mainly including medical sewage, medical waste, disposable infusion apparatus, syringes, etc., these items are not processed or simply processed, and discharged directly into the water or piled up, or even illegally dumped, resulting in the proliferation of infectious diseases and epidemics.
2, garbage pollution of the environment
The harm of garbage to the environment has a great immediacy and potential, with the increase in the number of ecological and resources there is a devastating damage to human health poses a great threat. Garbage harm to the environment are:
(1) pollution of the water environment
Garbage in the landfill or landfill project, produce a large number of acidic, alkaline, toxic materials industry, life discharged out of the mercury, lead, cadmium, and other wastewater, infiltration of surface water or groundwater caused by the black odor of the water body, the shallow groundwater can not be used, the water quality deterioration of the country's 60% of the existence of the rivers of ammonia, volatile nitrogen, phenol, high manganate pollution, the water quality is very high. Phenol, permanganate pollution in 60% of the rivers in the country, fluoride seriously exceeds the standard, the loss of self-purification function of the water body, affecting the reproduction of aquatic organisms and the use of water resources.
(2) Pollution of the atmospheric environment
In the garbage area, due to incineration or long time stacking, the garbage rots and molds, releasing a large number of malodorous, sulfurous and other toxic gases, dust and fine particles flying with the wind, resulting in the air exceeding the standard of sulfur dioxide suspended particulate matter. Acid rain phenomenon dust pollution occurs frequently.
(3) erosion of land
According to statistics, China produces 3 billion tons of garbage each year, about 20,000 square meters of arable land is forced to be used to pile up and store garbage. Land degradation, desertification is very serious. More due to a large number of plastic bags, scrap metal and other toxic substances directly landfill or left in the soil, difficult to degrade the land seriously corroded, resulting in hardening of the soil, alkalization of the water retention and fertilizer capacity decline in crop yields, or even extinction affect the quality of crops.
(4) Hazards to human health
The garbage, toxic gases scattered with the wind, sulfur dioxide in the air, lead content increases, so that the incidence of respiratory diseases, the human body constitutes a carcinogenic hazard. Excessive levels of groundwater pollutants trigger diarrhea, schistosomiasis, and trachoma; for example, a dysentery epidemic in Guiyang City was caused by groundwater infiltration by garbage and a severe overload of E. coli bacteria.
(5) Impact on economic development
According to the survey, 70% of China's garbage has a value of utilization, if all recycling, it can make a profit of 16 billion yuan per year, which is extremely beneficial to economic development and increase jobs. On the contrary, it will result in a greater waste of resources, resource constraints and ecological dislocation situation is getting worse. In the end, will inevitably affect and hinder the smooth development of the economy.
3, prevention and control of garbage pollution countermeasures
Prevention and control of garbage pollution, the key is to start from the source, control the amount of garbage generated, the implementation of total control, in accordance with the principle of whoever pollutes who governs, the use of economic leverage to punish pollution, improve the environment. On how to prevent and control garbage pollution put forward the following countermeasures:
(1) change the mode of production, traditionally saving resources
Guide enterprises to clean production, green production direction, change the backward mode of production, change the rough for energy-saving, intensive, put an end to the construction of high-polluting, inefficient projects, the total amount of garbage pollutants to implement the control, in particular, the treatment of toxic and hazardous substances, to be In the spirit of safety, prudence, the principle of enterprise recycling, the use of waste, do not allow waste discarded, and effectively make the best use of things, so that the waste resources, the waste of no use indeed, must be harmless treatment before landfills or incineration.
(2) Increase publicity, promote green consumption
Through television, media and other channels, using various forms, publicize the harm of garbage pollution, popularize knowledge of environmental protection, publicize the laws and regulations, and improve environmental awareness. Residents should separate garbage collection, consciously reduce the amount of garbage generated, and actively use biodegradable items, such as paper products, wood products, etc., so that garbage reduction in the ascendant. Try to buy and use green certified products, pollution-free products, the formation of a green into the family, the family love environmental protection of a good atmosphere.
(3) the implementation of charging policy
Recently, the Ministry of Construction has been the ode cloth relevant laws, the generation of garbage to implement a set of charging system, to take the internationally accepted management model, the total amount of control and quantitative control combined with a limited number of low-priced charges, over the amount of high-priced charges, the use of economic leverage, the establishment of economic benefits mechanism, to truly achieve waste minimization, improve the environment for the purpose of.
(4) Encourage garbage recycling, industrialization and legalization
From the producer to the user to clarify the obligations and responsibilities of recycling, layer by layer, linking the development of special laws and regulations to ensure and promote the implementation of garbage recycling and utilization system. Reward recycling enterprises and individuals, increase supporting facilities, increase the recycling network, stations and points, the discharge of garbage enterprises and individuals to charge a fee for the treatment, the establishment of recycling, development and utilization of integrated garbage treatment plants.
The prevention and control of garbage pollution is a long-term and comprehensive work, involving a wide range of factors. At present, our country for the prevention and control of garbage is just in the initial stage, to carry out and implement the need for the whole society *** with the support and advocacy to protect the environment and rational use of resources for the purpose of ultimately realizing the economic development and resource utilization of the virtuous circle, economic and environmental benefits win-win situation.