Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) can be defined as the process of predicting the environmental consequences of project development. EIA is aimed at evaluating and expressing the environmental impact of any available methods in the decision-making process and is an important method of ensuring the survival of people under environmental conditions. It is a method and system for analyzing, predicting and evaluating the environmental impacts that may be caused by the implementation of planning and construction projects, proposing countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and conducting follow-up monitoring.
On December 23, 2021, Liu Zhiquan, director of the Department of Environmental Impact Assessment and Emission Management of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the results of the "Three Lines and One List" (ecological protection red line, environmental quality baseline, resource utilization upper line, and ecological and environmental access list) at the level of all the provinces, prefectures and municipalities across the country have been completed and released, and more than 40,000 environmental control units have been delineated. More than 40,000 environmental control units have been delineated, and the accuracy of the units has generally reached the township scale, basically establishing a nationwide ecological environment zoning control system. The results of the "three lines and one list" have been widely used in major planning areas to support the review of planning and project EIA, which has improved the efficiency of the review.