Zi Mozi said, "Today's scholars and gentlemen know little but don't know much." How did you know? Everyone who lives at home knows that. The family offended their parents, and neighbors avoided it; However, relatives, brothers, all the knowledge, * * * warned each other and said, "You must quit! Don't be careless, it's okay to do evil at home and offend your parents? " It's natural not to be alone, even in a foreign country. The country offended the monarch, and some neighboring countries avoided it; However, relatives, brothers, all the knowledge, * * * warned each other and said, "You must quit! Don't be careless. Who can do something that offends the monarch? " People who escape escape from each other. If the warning is so thick and there is no one to escape from, isn't the warning even thicker? What can we do then? And there is a sentence in the language: "Why do you want to offend the sun? 2 Avoid evil spirits? " He said, "There is nothing to avoid." Heaven is not for the pylorus of the forest valley, and no one can see it clearly; However, the gentleman in the world is also in the sky, and I don't know how to warn each other for a while. That's why I know that gentlemen in the world know little but don't know big.
However, what does the sky want? Heaven wants to be right and evil is not right. However, if I lead the world to do justice, then I will do what God wants. I want what the sky wants, and the sky wants what I want. But what do I want? I want good fortune and bad fortune. If I don't do what God wants and do what God doesn't want, then I will lead people all over the world to disaster. However, why do you hate injustice when you know justice? Yue: If there is righteousness, there will be life, but if there is no righteousness, there will be death. Righteousness leads to wealth, while meaninglessness leads to poverty; If there is righteousness, it will rule, and if there is no righteousness, it will be chaotic. However, heaven wants its life and hates its death, wants its wealth and hates its poverty, and wants its governance and hates its chaos. That's why I know that heaven wants justice and evil wants injustice.
Yue: Where there is righteousness, there is political righteousness (3). If politics has no way out, it must start from the top. Therefore, Shu Ren tried his best to engage in politics, and a literati government appeared; Scholars tried their best to enter politics, but they were ruled by generals and doctors. The general and the doctor tried their best to engage in politics, but they didn't win the second place. There are three government officials and the governor. Three fairs, the governors tried their best to listen to governance, but they did not get the second governance and had the right to govern; The son of heaven is in charge of politics, but not the second, and there is a policy of heaven. The son of heaven is the master of the three fairs, princes, scholars and Shu Ren, and all the gentlemen in the world know it well; Heaven is in the hands of the son of heaven, and the world doesn't know it. Therefore, in the past three generations, saints, Tang, Wen and Wu all wanted to rule by heaven and showed this to the world (5). Therefore, they have to take care of cattle and sheep, take care of dogs, and keep clean and drink alcohol to worship God and ghosts and pray for heaven. I have never heard that the world should pray for the son of heaven, so I know that heaven rules the son of heaven.
Therefore, the son of heaven, the world is poor and expensive, and the world is poor and rich. Therefore, those who are either rich or expensive (6) have a hard time. Those who obey god's will, love each other and benefit each other will be rewarded; Those who go against God's will should not do evil, and stealing from each other will be punished. But who will be rewarded according to God's will? Who was punished for disobeying God's will? Zi Mozi said: "In the past three generations, saints, Tang, Wen and Wu were all rewarded according to God's will. In the past three generations, tyrannical kings were fierce, cruel, quiet and fierce, and those who violated God's will were also punished. "But why reward Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu? Zi Mozi said, "It respects heaven, ghosts and gods, and loves others, so God said,' I love this and love it at the same time; What I benefited, I benefited both. Those who love are generous, while those who benefit others are generous. "So, you are the son of heaven, the wealth of the world, and the descendants of the world (7). It is said that its goodness can only be used in the world, and it is still called the holy king. " However, why should Jie, Zhou, You and Li be punished? Mozi said: "I blame things in heaven, ghosts in heaven and thieves, so God said:' I love this, but I don't hate it; Everything I got was given to the thief. Villains, this is also a blog; Bitch (8), this is thick. "So don't let it end life, don't let it die, has been destroyed so far, known as the king of violence. "
But how can we know that God loves the world? Understand the two together. Why do you know it and understand it? Have both. Why do you know that it is both? Eat both. Why do you eat when you know? Within the four seas, people who eat grains are always feeding cattle and sheep, feeding dogs to drink bowls and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods. There is a world in the sky, so why love? Besides, I said it was unlucky to kill innocent people. Who would kill innocent people? So are people. Who gave it bad luck? Then the sky is also. If you think of heaven as someone who doesn't love the world, why think of people?
Murder, and it's unlucky? That's why I know that God loves the world.
People who follow God's will are just; People who go against God's will will try their best to rule. But what will a just government do? Zi Mozi said: big countries don't attack small countries, everyone doesn't usurp small ones, the strong don't rob the weak, the noble are not arrogant, and the deceiver doesn't bully fools. This will be good for the sky, good for ghosts and good for people. There are three advantages and no disadvantages, so the name of the holy king is added. People in power are different from this, saying right and wrong, doing right and wrong, but fortunately (9). Big countries attack small countries, and everyone usurps small countries. The strong rob the weak, while the nobles are arrogant and deceitful. This is not good for the sky, the middle is not good for ghosts, and the next is not good for people. The three evils are useless, so the world is notorious and it is called the king of violence.
Zi Mozi said, "I have great ambitions. If people have rules, craftsmen have moments." Wheels and craftsmen stick to their rules and regulations to measure the members of the world, saying,' The winner is right, and the loser is wrong.' Today, there are countless books and words written by scholars. On monarch and minister, it is far from benevolence and righteousness. How did you know? Yue: I have knowledge of the world to measure it. "
Tianzhi (middle)
Zi Mozi said: "A gentleman wants to be righteous today, and he must not disregard righteousness." It is said that you can't do whatever you want if you don't keep righteousness, but where does righteousness come from? Zi Mozi said, "Righteousness comes not from the ignorant, but from the knowledgeable." Why does knowing righteousness not come from stupidity and cheapness, but from being expensive and knowing? Yue: Righteousness is good governance. Why is knowing righteousness good governance? As the saying goes: there is justice in the world, and there is chaos without justice. Knowing justice is also good governance. Stupid and cheap people should not be expensive and understand politics; Then you have to be stupid and cheap (1). Therefore, I know that righteousness does not come from stupidity and cheapness, but from expensiveness and erudition.
But which is more expensive? Who knows? Say: Heaven is precious, and heaven knows the earth. However, the fruit of justice comes from the sky.
People who came down today said, "If the emperor is your courtier and your courtier is your doctor, I know (2), but I don't know the sky-high price. I know it from the emperor." Zi Mozi said, "Therefore, we know that heaven is precious, and we also know the son of heaven. Yue: the son of heaven is good, and heaven can be rewarded; Heaven is violent, and heaven can be punished; When the son of heaven is ill, he must fast and bathe, keep himself clean as wine, and sacrifice to the ghosts of heaven, then heaven can get rid of it. However, I don't know that the blessing of heaven lies in the son of heaven. That's why I know the value of heaven, from the son of heaven. Not only that, I also know how to train the morning with my late king's book. You said,' The wise will safeguard the sky, and you will descend to the earth.' Then this language is expensive and known to the emperor. I don't know if there are any noble people who know everything. Say: Heaven is precious, and heaven knows the earth. However, the fruit of justice comes from the sky. Therefore, Mozi said, "Today's gentleman, in fact, must want to benefit the people by the way, must keep the foundation of benevolence and righteousness, and God's will should not be careless." Think you can't be careless about God's will, but God hates what he wants? Zi Mozi said, "God does not want big countries to attack small countries, and people's homes will be chaotic, and the strong will be violent and widowed, and the deceiver will seek folly, while the noble will be arrogant and humble. That's not the purpose of today. More than that, we hope that people's strength can compete with each other, have ways to teach each other and have money to share. I also want to be strong in listening and treating, and I want to be strong in the next. " If you are strong and obey the rule, then the country will rule; If you work hard, your money is enough. If the country manages and makes full use of its wealth, there will be purity as wine and as a sacrifice to gods and ghosts; There are people outside who think they are surrounded by pearls and jade and hire people to scratch their neighbors. The resentment of the princes is not strong, and the border soldiers do not do it. If there are people who are hungry and support their people, then the monarch and the minister are loyal and the father and son are filial. Therefore, if you don't understand the meaning of Shuntian and serve the world with light, you will punish the government, the people will be safe, the country will be rich, the money will be enough, and the people will be well fed. Therefore, Mozi said, "Today's gentleman must really want to benefit the people by the way and keep the foundation of benevolence and righteousness. God can't be careless."
And the husband and the son of heaven win the world. It is impossible to break away from the monarch and his subjects. Today, within the four borders of the monarch and the minister, the husband is a minister and the people are not good! Today, when you are in a big country, you attack a small country, and everyone attacks a small one. If you want to enjoy a good name, if you can't get it, punishment will come. If there is a world in the world, it makes no difference. If you are in a big country today, you will attack a small country, and you will probably cut off a small one. If you want to seek happiness in the sky, you may not succeed, but disaster will surely come. However, if you don't do what God wants, but don't do what God wants, then God won't do what people want, but what people don't want. What do you want others to do? Say: disease is evil. If you don't do what God wants, but do what God doesn't want, that is to lead all the people in the world to disaster. Therefore, the ancient sage-king, knowing the blessings of the heavenly ghosts, hated the heavenly ghosts in order to promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harm of the world (4). It is based on cold weather and hot weather, and it is also the four-time regulation of yin and yang rain and dew in solar terms. When the grain is abundant, six animals will come, and epidemics, epidemics and fierce hunger will not come. Therefore, Mozi said, "Today's gentleman must really want to benefit the people by the way, and the nature of benevolence and righteousness should not be careless."
Moreover, there are unkind and ominous people in the world, saying: a son is not a father, a brother is not a brother, a minister is not a king, and a gentleman in the world calls it ominous. Today's husband, heaven, the world loves it, so everything is profitable. If it is the end of luxury, it is not what Heaven did (6), but what the people benefited, so it can be said that it is not (7). However, I don't know if a person is unkind and unlucky. That's what I'm talking about. I don't know about the big ones.
I know someone who loves people in heaven. Yue: Take grinding as the sun, moon and stars (8) to show it; Make it four seasons, as a discipline; Thunder, snow, frost, rain, dew, so that food and hemp can grow and be available to the people.
Wealth and profit; It is listed as a mountain valley, and Pepsi is broadcast to show the goodness of the people; Punish the violence of the prince and Hou Bo, and let them reward the kind people. Thief Jin Mu (9) is engaged in grain and silk, and thinks that people's wealth of food and clothing has always existed. Today, someone here loves his son and tries his best to benefit him. The son grows up, but does not seek the father's service (10), so the gentleman in the world is heartless and ominous (1 1). My husband loves the world and loves the world, so everything is profitable. If luxury is not natural in the end, but benefits the people, it can be said that it is no longer true. However, I don't know if it is heartless and ominous, but I don't know the details of a gentleman.
And that's why I know that God loves the people, and that's enough. It is unlucky to kill an innocent person. Who is wrong (12)? People are also. Who gave it bad luck? So is Tian Yue. Heaven doesn't love people, people can't kill koo, and heaven gives them bad luck. It's all bullshit. The reason why I know that heaven loves the people is also a virtue.
And I know the love of heaven is thick, that's all. It is said that those who love and benefit others, and those who reward diligence in heaven, must have it; Hate people and thieves, go against God's will, and even those who are punished by heaven have it. Who loves others, benefits others, obeys God's will and is blessed by God? Yue: If three generations of saints, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen and Xia are all the same. What do Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu do? Yue: Do "concurrently" instead of "don't". At the same time, if you are in a big country, you will not attack a small country. If you are strong, you won't rob the weak. If you are not violent, you will not cheat, and you will not be arrogant. On the matter, it is said that the sky is beneficial, the ghost is beneficial, the people are beneficial, and the three benefits have no disadvantages. Gather the reputation of the world and add face, saying: "This benevolence is also righteous. Love others, benefit others, follow God's will, and get grace. " More than that, this book is written on bamboo and silk, carved on stones, and engraved on dishes, and passed on to future generations, saying, "What will it do?" Those who know their husbands, love others, benefit others and obey the heaven will also be rewarded by the heaven. "Yi Di" said: "The Emperor is called the King of Literature, and he is endowed with Huai Mingde. He didn't speak loudly, didn't grow up in summer, didn't know what he knew, and obeyed the emperor. "The emperor is good at obeying the law, so he is rewarded with praise, and he is the son of heaven, rich in the world, and has an endless reputation. Therefore, if a husband loves others and benefits others, he can only stay (13). Who hates thieves, goes against God's will and is punished by heaven? It is said that if the past three generations are violent, stubborn, quiet and fierce, it is also true. Jay, Zhou, you, Li, what are you doing? Say: do nothing else, do nothing. Otherwise, if you are in a big country, you will attack a small country. Big countries are chaotic and rob the weak, while many people are violent, deceitful, stupid and arrogant. Looking at it, it is not conducive to the sky, the middle is not conducive to ghosts, the lower is not conducive to people, and the third is not conducive to nothing. This is called a thief. Adding up the ugly names in the world, he said, "This is not benevolence and righteousness. Those who hate people and thieves and go against God's will be punished by heaven. "Not only that, but I also wrote it on bamboo, silk, carved stones and discs and passed it on to future generations. What should I do? Knowing a husband hates a thief and goes against God's will, God will punish him. Taishi Tao said: "The more I retreat, the more I refuse to serve God. Before giving up my retreat, I refused to worship gods, but I said,' I have my own life.' Without Liao ■ serving the world (14), the day is also abandoned. "Looking up to heaven and not keeping it, it's against justice. Therefore, those who hate thieves, go against God's will, and get punished by heaven can also know.
It is the reason why Mozi has heaven, and there is no way to break other people's rules. A craftsman has a moment. Today, when people abide by the rules, they will measure whether the world is good or not and say, "People who abide by our rules are good; You are not embarrassed if you don't follow my rules. " So, we can know whether it is good or not. Why is this? Then it's fair to know. The craftsman also practices his moments, and he must measure the squares and squares in the world. He said, "Those who are in my moments are called the squares, and those who are not in my moments are called the squares." We can know whether it is square or not. Why is this? Then the method is clear. Therefore, Mozi's thought of heaven is that in the world, the monarch and adults of the world will be punished by it, and the people of the world will take the text as their words. Observing his behavior, harmony with heaven means goodwill; Going against the sky is not keeping your word. Judging from his words, the meaning of Shuntian is called good words; Going against the sky means not being good at talking. Looking at its criminal politics shows that it is good at criminal politics; Going against the sky means not being good at criminal politics. Therefore, taking this as a method and taking this as a tool will measure the benevolence and inhumanity of the princes and nobles in the world, and the class score will be white and white.
Therefore, the late Mozi said, "Today's princes and gentlemen will really want to obey the law and benefit the people."
Looking at the foundation of benevolence and righteousness, providence must not make mistakes. He who obeys God's will has a righteous law. "
Mozi Tianzhi (Ⅱ)
Zi Mozi said, "If the world is in chaos, what will we say?" ? He is a gentleman in the world, small but not big. "How do you know that you can see clearly from a small place and can't see clearly from a big place? Know nothing about the meaning of heaven. How do you know it's unknown? Everyone who lives in other people's homes knows that. If people today are offended by their families, there will still be people who are different from their families, so they will escape; However, my father used the precept, and my brother used the precept and said, "Stop it! Be careful! If you are in a family, don't be careless, but who is in a country? "If today's people offend the country, there are still foreign countries, so they avoid it; However, my father used the precept, and my brother used the precept and said, "Stop it! Be careful! Those in the people's country must be careful. "Today, everyone is in the world, working for the sky. If you offend the sky, there is no reason to hide. However, I don't know how to warn you with anti-polarity (1). From this, we can know great things, but we don't know them.
So Mozi said, "If you are careful, it is what God wants and what God hates." What shows what the sky wants? What is evil? Heaven desires righteousness and hates its injustice. How did you know? Yue: Righteousness is true. Why is knowing righteousness right? Where there is justice, there is rule; where there is no justice, there is chaos. I think it's right to know about it. But those who are upright, those who are not upright from the bottom, must be upright from the top. Therefore, Shu Ren must not feel inferior, but must be positive (2), some scholars are positive; Scholars should not treat themselves, but doctors should treat themselves; Doctors must not be right by themselves, but princes are right; Governors should not feel inferior and be righteous, which has three meanings; The three fairs are not allowed to be self-righteous, and the son of heaven is positive; The son of heaven is not allowed to rule himself, and heaven is right. Today's gentleman knows the right of the son of heaven, but he doesn't know the right of the son of heaven. Therefore, the ancient sage said such a sentence to people, saying, "The son of heaven has virtue, and heaven can reward him;" The son of heaven has had it, and God can punish it. "The son of heaven rewards and punishments improperly, and listens to prison. Fortunately, there is disease and frost in the world. From time to time, the son of heaven will treat his cattle, sheep and dogs well, make them clean, and pray to heaven with shrines. I have never heard of heaven's prayers for the son of heaven. I know that the sky is heavy and more expensive than the son of heaven. The righteous, not stupid or cheap, will be expensive to know. Yue: Who knows? God knows. However, the fruit of justice comes from the sky. Today, a gentleman's desire is just, and he must obey God's will!
Yue: What does Shuntian mean? Yue: People who love the world. Why do you know and love people all over the world? Eat both. How do you know you can eat at the same time? From ancient times to the present, there has never been a lonely country (3), all of which are proud of their cattle, sheep and dogs, and offer a cup to the gods purely for the sake of offering wine, mountains and rivers, so as to know that they can eat both. If you eat it at the same time, you must love it at the same time. For example, if Chu is the king of Yue, it is the king of Chu who loves Chu because he eats in Chu's four borders. Betty Wong eats from Yue, so he loves Yue people. Today, I eat and drink at the same time, so I know he loves people all over the world.
And God's love for people is endless. Today's country, the people who eat grains, kill one unworthy, there must be an unknown. He said, "Who can't kill Gu?" Yue: "People are also." "What's wrong?" Yue: "Heaven also." If the world doesn't love this person naively, why can't people kill them? God has given them bad luck. However, it can be known that heaven loves the people thick and heaven loves the people not thick. How do you know that God loves people? I will reward good people with saints and punish violence. Why do people who know sages reward good and punish violence? I know it through the past three generations of holy kings. So yesterday was also three generations of sages, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu all loved each other. To benefit others, to change their minds, and to respect gods, mountains, rivers and ghosts. Heaven thinks that he loves from what he loves and benefits from what he benefits, so he is rewarded to make him superior and become a son of heaven and a saint. In this way, you can know the certificate of rewarding goodness. He is the violent king of three generations in the past, and at the same time he hates the world to steal it, change its meaning and humiliate gods, mountains and rivers. God thinks he hates what he loves and steals what he benefits, so he is punished. Separate father and son, destroy the country, lose the country, and worry about it. It was destroyed by ordinary people in the world. Sun's son Yongye was abolished, but he didn't, so he was called a king. Only in this way can we know the card of punishing violence. Today, if a gentleman wants to be right, he must be obedient first.
Yue: Those who follow God's will also; Don't go against God's will. It is both Tao and righteousness; another/alternative name
For the Tao, the force is positive. He said, "What about the righteous?" As the saying goes: the big don't attack the small, the strong don't bully the weak, the many don't cheat the fools, the rich don't pride themselves, the rich don't pride themselves on the poor, and the strong don't rob the old. It is based on the common countries in the world, and can't hurt each other with fire, water, poison and weapons. If things benefit heaven, ghosts benefit people, and people benefit people, it is called Tiande. Therefore, people engaged in this work are also wise, benevolent, loyal and filial, which is the result of collecting the world's reputation. What is the reason? Then the meaning of shun Tian is also. He said, "What is the right person?" It is said that if you are big, you will attack small; Strong is bullying; Many people are weak; If you are a liar, you will be arrogant and mean; Rich is arrogant and poor; If you are strong, you will get old. It is based on the common countries in the world, which use fire, water, poison and weapons to hurt each other. If things are bad for the sky, ghosts, people and nothing, they are called thieves. Therefore, anyone who engages in this industry will be chaotic and heartless, unfaithful, disloyal and unfilial, thus accumulating the notoriety of the world. What is the reason? It's against the sky
Therefore, Zi Mozi believes that heaven should be a device, and people have rules, and craftsmen have moments. This round of people follow the rules, and craftsmen follow the rules to know the difference between the two sides. It is Mozi's principle of establishing heaven and thinking of law, so I can know the meaning of a gentleman in the world, far away! How do you know that gentlemen in the world are far from benevolence and righteousness? Today, people who understand the temperament of a big country say, "Why am I great in a big country and don't attack a small country?" Therefore, people who regard fleas and teeth as evil are better than their boats and cars to attack and punish innocent countries, enter their ditches, cut their crops, damage their battlements, guard their ditches and ponds, burn their ancestral temples and kill their sacrifices. People who are qualified will be pulled out (5), and those who are unqualified will be exercised back (6). A husband thinks a servant is a servant and a fool, while a woman thinks he is a gentleman. Then the husband was so fond of attacking the monarch that he didn't know it was heartless, so he told the governors of neighboring provinces: "I attacked the country, overthrew the army and killed several people." The monarch of a neighboring country doesn't know his unkindness, and he has money, which makes people congratulate him. Then the husband likes to attack the monarch, but he doesn't know it's heartless. He has books, bamboo and silk, and a hidden treasure house. As a descendant, he must also follow, saying, "Why don't you send me a treasure house and treat me like the beauty of my predecessor?" I won't say, "If literature and martial arts are right, it will be like this." I will attack the country, cover the army and kill several people. "Then my husband likes to attack the king, but I don't know if this is unkind and unfair. The king of his neighboring country didn't know it was heartless. Is a man who constantly attacks the world. I don't know the so-called big thing.
What about the so-called little things that can be known? Today, someone was here and went into the garden of someone else's field, and the person who took someone else's peaches, plums, melons and ginger was punished, but it was not. What is this? Yue: That's not why you can get anything without hard work. And not only the wall, but also those children who are Gege people! With the treasure of Jiaomin, those who steal other people's gold and fleas will be tired (8)! One person in prison, stealing cattle and horses! What's more, killing people is unfair! Today's princes are also in charge of politics. Those who commit suicide, those who cross the people's wall, those who steal people's treasures, those who steal people when they are tired, those who steal people's prisons, those who steal people's cattle and horses, and those who enter the people's garden to steal people's peaches, pears, melons and ginger are also punishments of princes. Although Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu all ruled in ancient times, there is no difference. Today's vassals invaded, attacked and annexed Judah (9), killing tens of millions of people! This is the push of everyone, the children of Ge people, the treasure of charming people, and the theft of gold, jade and fleas, ten million! Tens of millions of people crossed the people's fence and stole people's cattle and horses, and tens of millions of people went into people's gardens and stole people's peaches, plums, melons and ginger! And said to himself, "Righteousness!"
So Mozi said, "If you love me (10), there will be no debater who loves black and white and bitter and sweet! Today, someone is here, but there is less black, which is called black; More black is white. I must say,' My eyes are confused. I don't know the difference between black and white.' Today, if someone is around, you can taste less sweetness, which is called sweetness; Too much is bitter. I will say,' I am confused and I don't know the pain. Today, the government of princes and adults, or killing people, is forbidden in their country. The more this flea can kill people in its neighboring countries (1 1), because it means literally. Is there a difference between black and white, sweet and bitter? "
Therefore, Zi Mozi thinks that heaven is the instrument method. Mozi, who is not an only son, takes the ambition of heaven as the law, which is the way of the book "Great Summer" by the former king: "The emperor is the king of literature, respecting mingde, being silent, changing in summer, being ignorant and obeying the emperor." The imperial edict that King Wen takes heaven as the law is also (12), and so is his imperial edict. And today's gentleman, in fact, will want to be righteous, seek for the scholar, want to be the saint of Wang Zhidao, want to benefit the Chinese people, and can not ignore the ambition of heaven. Those who aspire to heaven are also righteous classics.
Taking this as a method and taking this as a device will measure the benevolence and inhumanity of the nobles and doctors in the world, and the scores will be white and black.
Therefore, the late Mozi said, "Today's princes and gentlemen will really want to obey the law and benefit the people."
Looking at the foundation of benevolence and righteousness, providence must not make mistakes. He who obeys God's will has a righteous law. "