I, the problem
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang for short), located in the western border of China, is located in latitude 32 ° 22 ′ - 49 ° 33 ′, longitude 73 ° 21 ′ - 96 ° 21 ′, with an area of more than 1,660,000 square kilometers, accounting for about one-sixth of the total area of the country. In the territory of the Altai Mountains in the north, the Kunlun Mountains in the south, the Tianshan Mountains across the center and the Junggar Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south to form a "three mountains and two basins" geomorphological pattern.
Xinjiang is located in the mid-temperate zone (temperate and warm temperate) Eurasian continent in the hinterland of the extreme arid desert area. Surrounded by mountains, far from the sea, the natural geography is closed, is the formation of the geographical basis of the arid natural ecological environment of Xinjiang. Its typical temperate continental climate determines the characteristics of Xinjiang's climate dry, little rain, windy, large daily and annual differences, the whole winter cold and long, hot and short compound season, the average annual precipitation of 145 mm, precipitation is scarce, only 23% of the national average precipitation of 630 mm, and evaporation of about 2,000-2,500 mm, dryness in the range of 4-16. According to the aridity index zoning index, the whole region, except for the northern Xinjiang, Tien Shan mountainous area, Altay mountainous area and the northern mountainous area of Tacheng, the aridity index is below 5, which belongs to the arid and semi-arid region, the rest of the region has no aridity index above 5, which belongs to the extreme arid region. Thus, in the arid, semi-arid natural ecological environment, the rational development of water resources and reed wetland treatment of sewage all comprehensive utilization, protection and improvement of the ecological environment is particularly important, and has also become the road to sustainable economic development in Xinjiang.
The plains of Xinjiang oasis area accounts for only 4%, and to bead-like set in more than 20,000 kilometers of traffic lines, constituting the desert edge of the oasis economic activities, the basic pattern of spatial dispersion. Cities and industrial areas are located in the upper reaches of the water source, the rural environment are located in the lower reaches of the water source, in recent years, with the continuous development of the rural business of the original ancient riverbed, deserted beaches have been developed in large quantities, planting and breeding. Part of the summer sewage can be used for agricultural irrigation, and nearly half of the winter sewage due to low standards of treatment, there is no way out, so the sewage pollution accidents have occurred one after another for years, and has caused the deterioration of the ecological environment in some rural areas, it can be said that water pollution is spreading to the countryside, according to incomplete statistics, the whole country over the years due to sewage pollution caused by the economic losses has reached hundreds of millions of dollars, but also to the downstream rural ecological environment and economic Sustainable development has brought immeasurable potential harm and crisis.
The key cities of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Changji, Korla, Kashgar, etc. since the seventies has taken the city's sewage oxidation ponds, jet aeration and anaerobic hydrolysis of traditional processes and oxidation of ditch advanced technology, according to the status quo: the oxidation ponds investment province, but the treatment of sewage standards are low, jet aeration, anaerobic hydrolysis or oxidation of ditch, the large scale of investment in high operating costs, small capacity, is far from being able to keep pace with the development of the demand, and its biochemical processes, and the development of the sewage treatment process, the development of the sewage treatment system. Coupled with its biochemical process, inorganic pollutants and heavy metals are difficult to degrade, sewage treatment can only reach the urban sewage secondary treatment standards or agricultural irrigation standards, up to the vast majority of the region's water environment function (fish industry water quality standards) needs. The current status of the water environment function of 87 counties (cities) across the border (including 5 states and 8 regional locations), the water after sewage treatment can only reach the water quality standard of the fish industry, in order to meet the requirements of the water environment function of the jurisdiction (at present, the entire territory of the fish farming area of 1,173,000 acres, the fish production of 52,371 tons).
The shortage of water resources and serious water pollution are two prominent problems facing the water environment in our region. At present, Xinjiang is not yet able to invest a large amount of money in sewage pollution control, and there is an urgent need to find efficient and energy-saving sewage treatment methods to replace conventional treatment, which is expensive in terms of investment and operation costs. The State Council's Water Pollution Prevention and Control Technical Policy clearly stipulates that "small and medium-sized towns, towns in arid and semi-arid areas, should first consider the use of barren land, waste land, low-quality land as well as pits, ponds and depressions, and actively develop a land treatment and utilization system that combines with wastewater treatment and that can effectively control the water quality and make full use of wastewater water and fertilizer resources." The conclusion of the national scientific and technological research results: "urban water pollution management, must shift from decentralized point source management to comprehensive remediation, must be combined with urban construction, economic construction and water conservancy construction, etc., according to the local conditions, the deployment of water pollution key projects." With the continuous development of the economy and urban scale, urban sewage and industrial wastewater is increasing day by day, and at present the urban sewage treatment rate in our region and the standard is very low, most of the sewage is untreated and discharged directly into the downstream rural environment, which has caused the deterioration of the water environment situation, and the pollution of the water environment has aggravated the shortage of water resources in our arid and semi-arid region. The vast majority of regions in Xinjiang natural growth of reeds with unique natural conditions, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater using reed wetland ecological science and technology to focus on depth treatment:
BOD5 removal rate of up to 90% or more SS removal rate of up to 91% or more NH0-N removal rate of up to 76% or more T-N removal rate of up to 84% T-P removal rate of up to 87% or more VAS removal rate of up to 945% or more. VAS removal rate up to 945% or more chlorobenzene removal rate up to 81% or more chlorophenols removal rate up to 82% or more pesticides removal rate up to 89% or more other categories of removal rate up to 955% or more enterovirus removal rate up to 94% or more total bacteria removal rate up to 99% or more helminths removal rate up to 99% or more coliform removal rate up to 99% or more salmonella removal rate up to 99% or more phage removal rate up to 90% or more Phage removal rate of 99% or more
The inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) and organic matter in the sewage are maximized by the wetland reeds, adsorption, absorption, and full use of the natural purification function, so that the sewage resources to meet the water quality standards of the fish industry, a complete elimination of the hidden dangers of water pollution, and the second can be improved and restored to the natural ecological environment, so that the economic benefit, the social benefits, and the environmental benefits to reach the optimal Unification of economic, social and environmental benefits. The core of "reed wetland treatment of sewage green ecological project" is based on the actual situation of the region, that is, the requirements of the function of the quality of the water environment, so that the sewage is treated to maximize the comprehensive utilization of sewage, and completely solve the region's economic, social and sustainable development of industrial and domestic sewage pollution in the troubled, this is the Xinjiang, "work in the current generation, the benefit of the next generation," the best choice across the centuries. Cross-century optimal choice.
Second, "reed wetland sewage treatment green ecological engineering" technical principle
1, physical effect:
After the primary treatment of sewage, in the wetland system through the physical precipitation, filtration, adsorption to further remove the solids that can be precipitated, colloid, BOD5, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, bacteria, viruses and difficult to dissolve the organic matter.
(2) Chemical effect:
Through oxidation-reduction and chemical coagulation, adsorption to further remove phosphorus, heavy metals and insoluble substances.
(3) Biological action:
BOD5, nitrogen, phosphorus, colloid and insoluble organic substances and heavy metals are further removed through microbial metabolism, oxidation, absorption by plants and digestion and antidigestion by bacteria.
Third, the technical reliability of "Reed Wetland Sewage Treatment Green Ecological Project"
The "Reed Wetland Treatment Project" has a high removal effect of pollutants in sewage. It includes a very complex process of soil-plant, filtration, adsorption, and biological oxidation. To sewage both soil retention, physical and chemical adsorption, chemical decomposition, precipitation and oxidative degradation of microorganisms, in fact, harmful substances in sewage are absorbed by reed nutrient-rich plants in the wetland, eliminating pollution, improving the ecological environment, and obtaining reed resources. The purified water is then used for planting and breeding, the technology is reliable and easy to operate only need to strengthen the management to achieve the desired purpose.
Four, "reed wetland green ecological engineering" possibility and urgency
According to a large number of domestic and foreign research data, through the reed wetland treatment of sewage capacity, hydraulic load, organic load, retention period and seasonal and sewage and the main pollutants in the main rate of removal of sewage between the regularity of the study "reed wetland sewage treatment system" is a kind of high-efficiency, convenient, inexpensive sewage treatment method. . This method is not only suitable for national conditions, but also suitable for regional and municipal conditions, the project investment is only one-fifth of the mechanical treatment, with the characteristics of "three high and three low", namely, high efficiency, high adaptability, high affordability and low investment, low operating costs, low maintenance costs. Domestic and industrial wastewater, treated by "Reed Wetland Treatment System", the SS removal rate is 91%, the T-P removal rate is 87%, the T-N removal rate is 84%, and the effluent water quality can meet the requirements of "Fishery Water Quality Standard". Xinjiang is rich in wasteland resources along the Tianshan Mountains to the north and south, which can provide sufficient land for the project, and the natural environment of the region is suitable and fully equipped with the conditions for the implementation of the project, so it is completely possible.
The use of "reed wetland sewage treatment green ecological engineering":
1⒈ can make the best comprehensive utilization of sewage after in-depth treatment, the complete elimination of water pollution, to achieve the unity of environmental and social benefits, economic benefits.
Peak can improve and restore the natural ecological environment of the region, the formation of beautiful lake ecosystems, providing habitat for wildlife.
3 can establish a raw material base for light industry, so that the survival and development of the paper industry has a new high-quality raw material base.
Sung can be developed into a tourist area and scenic spots, in the county, the city of a no famous, two no monuments under the inherent conditions, for the county, the city's economic development to create new growth points.
Therefore, the construction of the "Reed Wetland Sewage Treatment Project" is a cross-century project with high feasibility, urgency, benefit to the country and the people, and optimized eco-benefit in terms of economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.
Fifth, "reed wetland green ecological engineering" environmental impact
Engineering drainage program, to be taken by the fence - pipe network - sand - reed wetland
Drainage process, sewage closed in the pipe network, will not seepage, so the environment along the way has no impact.
The odor of sewage only occurs before degradation, and aerobic aeration can be used to remove the odor after sand sedimentation. The reed wetland will only have some impact on the shallow surface groundwater and will not have any impact on the deep pressurized water.
The project site is far away from the town, and the large reed wetland increases the green area, which can reduce the wind and sand attack on the urban area, and the environmental impact is minimized, which is better than any scheme.
Six, "reed wetland green ecological project" scale and investment
⒈ according to the county, the actual situation of the city to choose the scale of the project: the construction of reed wetland 5000-20000 acres, the daily treatment of sewage 50,000-200,000 cubic meters.
Peake the project was completed in two phases: the first three years of the construction of reed wetland 2500-10000 mu, daily treatment of sewage 25-100,000 cubic meters, the annual treatment of sewage 912.5-36.5 million cubic meters. Wetland water demand, according to the irrigation quota of 780 cubic meters/mu, the total water demand of the wetland system is 1.95-7.8 million cubic meters, and the net water (water up to the standard of breeding) can be obtained 7.175-28.7 million cubic meters per year.
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