Producing enterprises export goods regardless of the foreign currency settlement, where the People's Bank of China announced a foreign exchange rate, according to the exchange rate stipulated in the financial system directly into the amount of RMB registered in the relevant books. Production enterprises can use the first of the month or the day of the exchange rate as the bookkeeping exchange rate (generally for the median price), determined to report to the competent tax authorities for the record, in a year shall not be adjusted. Enterprises should distinguish the exchange rate when calculating export sales receipts from the actual collection of foreign exchange rate, the calculation of export sales revenues to the entry of the exchange rate specified at the same time, while the foreign exchange receivables, foreign exchange receivables at the time of the collection of the bank on the day of the spot rate of the purchase price of the converted into Renminbi, and the corresponding foreign exchange receivables Renminbi the difference between the account recorded in the exchange gain or loss. The handling fees and other expenses deducted by the bank at the time of settlement should be treated as financial expenses.
I. What is the exchange rate?
Exchange rate, refers to the rate of exchange between the two currencies, can also be regarded as a country's currency to the value of another currency. Specifically refers to the ratio of one country's currency and another country's currency or ratio, or the price of another country's currency expressed in one country's currency.
Exchange rate changes on a country's import and export trade has a direct regulatory effect. Under certain conditions, by making the national currency depreciation, that is, let the exchange rate rise, will play a role in promoting exports and limiting imports; Conversely, the national currency appreciation, that is, the exchange rate fell, will play a role in limiting exports and increasing imports.
Two, the role of the exchange rate and what are the effects?
1, import and export
Generally speaking, the exchange rate of the local currency, that is, the local currency of the external ratio depreciation, can play a role in promoting exports, inhibit the role of imports; if the exchange rate of the local currency, that is, the local currency of the foreign currency ratio rose, it is conducive to imports, is not conducive to exports.
2, prices
From the point of view of imported consumer goods and raw materials, the decline in the exchange rate to cause the price of imported goods in the domestic price increases. As for the extent of its impact on the overall price index depends on the share of imported goods and raw materials in the gross national product. Conversely, ▲ other conditions remain unchanged, the price of imports may be reduced, as to the extent of its impact on the overall price index depends on the share of imported goods and raw materials in the gross national product.
3, capital flows
Short-term capital flows are often strongly influenced by the exchange rate. When there is a tendency for the local currency to depreciate externally, domestic and foreign investors are reluctant to hold a variety of financial assets denominated in the local currency, and will be converted into foreign exchange, the phenomenon of capital outflow. At the same time, due to the transfer of foreign exchange, exacerbated by the oversupply of foreign exchange, will contribute to further decline in the exchange rate of the local currency. Conversely, when there is a tendency for the local currency to appreciate externally, domestic and foreign investors seek to hold a variety of financial assets denominated in the local currency and trigger capital inward flows. At the same time, due to the foreign exchange have been converted to the local currency, foreign exchange oversupply, will contribute to the local currency exchange rate to rise further.