In order to prevent, control and eliminate the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases, safety isolation measures are taken to protect the health of the general public. Do you know what safety isolation measures? The following is a model article I recommend for you, welcome to read.
Part 11 environmental and architectural requirements
Infectious disease hospitals should leave the crowded urban areas, to the periphery of the urban area outside the hospital, and there are sufficient isolation zones around the hospital, planting of protective forests, outside the perimeter of the wall. In the case of a general hospital infectious diseases department, should leave the main building of the hospital and become an independent building unit.
1 outpatient department receiving room: staff should have their own out. General hospitals should have a dedicated registration, collection, laboratory, X-ray, medicine, treatment and other departments.2 ward: there should be staff health through the room including changing, shower. Wards should be divided into small rooms, different types of patients were arranged in different isolation rooms in the Northeast more common infectious diseases are: viral hepatitis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, bacillary dysentery, infectious diarrhea. Inside the sick room should be in accordance with the principle of strict isolation of the building, with a bathroom and protective doors. Passage corridor walls are equipped with two-story transfer window, the staff can not enter the sickroom and transfer food, medicine and other light patients. Ward need to set up a special disinfection room.3 Other: such as laundry, disinfection supply room should be in line with the isolation of the building, there should be the necessary disinfection facilities, such as sewage treatment stations, incinerators and so on.
2 Division of the isolation area
Outpatient clinics, hospitals and other units should be divided into contaminated areas, semi-contaminated areas, clean areas.1 Clean area: that is, no direct contact with the patient, not contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Such as locker rooms, offices, treatment rooms, warehouses, duty rooms, etc. 2 semi-contaminated area: contaminated or indirectly mildly contaminated places, such as corridors, laboratories. 3 contaminated area: refers to the patient or excreta, with the direct contamination of the place, such as the sick room, the outer corridor, the patient's bathroom toilets, bathrooms, washroom floors, etc..
3 isolation device
1 isolation mark. 2 door handle on the disinfectant towels. 3 isolation gowns, hangers. 4 set up formalin fumigation box, disinfection of general use. 5 doorway with a foot pad, wet with disinfectant. 6 hand washing method, paper to avoid dirt.
4 isolation system
1 according to the type of disease room to receive, divided into slots admitted, hospitals with the conditions of each type of disease occupies a ward. 2 patients hospitalized into the ward, in addition to bring the necessary supplies, other than all are not allowed to bring. 3 patients hospitalized during the period, no strings of the sick room, can not go out at will, the patient's activities should preferably be confined to the contaminated area. 4 strict management of the accompanying and visiting staff. Management. Try to control not to allow family members to accompany and visit. Patients with special critical conditions can be accompanied by medical staff with their permission, but they must abide by the isolation regulations of the hospital. When discharged from the hospital, they must be properly sanitized.5 When medical personnel enter the contaminated area or semi-contaminated area, they need to wear working clothes, isolation pants, shoes, hats and masks, and wash their hands before and after contacting the patients with soap and running water, and thorough rinsing is the simplest and most effective way to prevent healthcare-induced infections. Especially in contact with contaminated items, as well as changing bed linen, receiving contaminated clothing, cleaning, should be immediately soaked with 0.2% peroxyacetic acid, hands and thoroughly cleaned.6 health care workers in contact with patients with different diseases shall be replaced by isolation clothing, wearing isolation clothing shall not enter the semi-contaminated area and clean area, before and after the operation must be running water to wash their hands.7 patient contact with all the objects should be relatively fixed, if necessary, such as special thermometers, can be used containing Effective chlorine 0.5% ~ 1% of the disinfectant soak. If it is not sterilized, it should not be applied to others.8 Prevent direct contact with the patient's blood, body fluids, bone marrow and other specimens. Containers holding specimens must be sturdy to prevent leakage and breakage, and there should be no possibility of contamination of the outside of the containers when they are stored and taken out for examination.9 Special attention should be paid to the splashing of blood, body fluids, vomitus, and excreta in the ward. Because this phenomenon can contaminate the environment, spills are a potential source of infection and increase the chance of disease transmission. Therefore, patients should be instructed to prevent spills. At the same time, the spills that have occurred are properly handled by wiping or soaking with a disinfectant containing 0.5% to 1% effective chlorine.10 The lab sheet should be kept clean at all times, not in direct contact with the specimen and its container, and not allowed to wrap the lab sheet around the outside of the container to send it for testing. Isolation is an important measure to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, as people's understanding of infectious diseases continue to deepen, accept the isolation of the prevention of good hospital supervision, cut off the source of infection and infectious pathways, should be in accordance with the nature of the disease to take targeted preventive measures. Isolation is divided into 8 categories: strict isolation, respiratory isolation, intestinal isolation, contact isolation, tuberculosis isolation, drainage / secretion isolation, preventive isolation, blood / body fluids preventive isolation. Infectious disease hospitals are scientific and technological departments integrating medical treatment, nursing care, scientific research and teaching. With the development of medical science, higher and newer requirements have been put forward for hospitals. Due to the special nature of the specialty, it is necessary to take effective measures to reduce cross-infection, do a good job of isolation and prevention, and control infectious diseases in the smallest possible range, which is our obligation.
Part 2I. Close isolation
Applicable to plague, pulmonary anthrax, cholera, pharyngeal diphtheria, rabies, etc. and all infectious diseases with unknown transmission routes.
1. Single-room isolation, close the doors and windows, the same pathogen can live in the same room, the sick room air, ground, object surface disinfection 1 ~ 2 / d.
2. Entering the sick room should wear isolation clothing, shoes, masks, hats and gloves. When you leave the room, you should disinfect your hands and take off your isolation clothes and shoes.
3. The patient can not leave the isolation room, if you must move out, should be properly covered to prevent contamination of the environment and others in the transfer process.
4. Those with respiratory infections or broken finger panels should stop contact with such patients cholera exception.
5. Items in the room are fixed for use and should not be moved out of the room without sterilization or isolation packaging. The items used need to be sterilized before transfer. Secretions and excretions should be sterilized and discarded. Contaminated items should be installed double dirt bag, marking, disinfection and sent out for destruction or decontamination.
6. Patients discharged from the hospital or after death, the sickroom and all utensils must be strictly implemented final disinfection l ~ 3 times, after testing and passing before use.
7. Adopt the yellow isolation sign.
Two, respiratory isolation
Applicable to influenza, measles, chicken pox, mumps, scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and mycoplasma pneumonia.
1. Patients with the same disease can be accommodated in the same room.
2. Those who enter the room should wear masks and, if necessary, isolation suits.
3. Wash your hands before touching the patient or potentially contaminated items, or before caring for the next patient.
4. Food utensils and sputum cups used by patients should be isolated. Food utensils should be sterilized every meal, and sputum cups should be sterilized every day. Respiratory secretions should be sterilized and discarded.
5. Air disinfection in the room 1 to 2 / d.
6. Patients must wear a mask when it is necessary to leave the room.
7. Blue isolation signs are used.
Three, digestive isolation
Applicable to bacillary dysentery, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, poliomyelitis and so on.
1. Patients with different diseases are best admitted in separate rooms. The room should be free of flies and cockroaches. The floor of the sick room, object surface disinfection 1 ~ 2 / d.
2. Close contact with the patient, should wear isolation clothing, masks, contact with dirt need to wear gloves, different types of disease should be changed isolation clothing.
3. Strict hand washing should be done before contacting the patient, dirt, and caring for the next patient.
4. Patient supplies, eating utensils, commode, excreta, vomit, etc., must be disinfected. Instruct patients to wash their hands before and after meals.
5. Adopt brown isolation signs.
4. Contact isolation
Applicable to infants and children with acute respiratory infections, pharyngitis or pneumonia, neonatal gonococcal oculoconjunctivitis, rabies, panel anthrax and so on.
1. Infections of the same pathogen can be in the same room.
2. Close contact with the patient should wear a mask, wear an isolation gown, and wear gloves when contacting infectious substances. Those with broken hands should stop contacting such patients.
3. Wash your hands before contacting patients, contaminants, and caring for the next patient.
4. Patient supplies shall not be passed on for application. All contaminated supplies, must be closely disinfected before use.
5. Contaminants should be bagged, labeled, and sent out for destruction or decontamination.
6. Orange isolation signs are used.
5. Insect isolation
Applied to epidemic encephalitis B, filariasis, typhus, regression fever, renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, black fever, malaria and so on.
1. The sick room should have anti-mosquito and anti-mosquito measures.
2. After the patient is admitted to the hospital, hygiene rectification, lice and fleas.
6. Blood/body fluid isolation
Applicable to hepatitis B + C, syphilis, leptospirosis, dengue fever, AIDS and so on.
1. The same pathogen infection can live in the same room. Personal hygiene can not take care of themselves or bleeding is not easy to control easy to contaminate a single room isolation.
2. Blood, body fluids may contaminate the work clothes, should wear isolation clothing. When contacting blood, body fluids, should wear gloves, masks, goggles if necessary.
3. Hands should be washed immediately after being contaminated or potentially contaminated by blood, body fluids; wash hands with disinfectant if necessary.
4. Work strictly prevented by injection needles and other sharp objects stabbed, patients used needles and syringes, should be placed in waterproof, puncture-resistant and marked containers, sent out to incineration or sterilization and other harmless treatment.
5. Dressings contaminated by blood and body fluids should be bagged and marked, and sent out for sterilization or incineration. Where contaminated by blood, body fluids, should be immediately disinfected with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.
6. Use red isolation signs.
VII. Tuberculosis isolation
It is applicable to patients with pulmonary and laryngeal tuberculosis who have positive sputum bacilli or whose chest radiographs show active shadows.
1. Patients with the same disease can live in the same room. Close doors and windows to have special ventilation.
2. Close contact patients should wear masks and isolation gowns.
3. Contact with patients, dirt, care of the next patient should wash their hands.
4. Pollutants should be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected and destroyed.
5. Use gray isolation signs.
VIII. Isolation in case of outbreak of infection
1. Patients should be categorized in different rooms.
2. If the pathogenic microorganisms still have signs of continued spread, the patients will be divided into infected group, possibly infected group, uninfected group group care. Fix the nursing staff in each group if necessary.
3. If the above measures are still not effective in controlling the spread of infection, the admission should be discontinued and reported to higher authorities.
Part 3Early childhood infectious disease prevention and control measures:
1 daily morning inspection, check the children have a fever, mouth ulcers, panel with a rash or hands, feet with blisters, fever, diarrhea and other symptoms of the situation.
2 Ventilation and sanitation cleaning and disinfection system: our garden will be young children's teaching and activities, teachers and children's bedrooms, canteens, etc. as the main place of daily sanitation and cleaning, and the implementation of a meal a disinfection, disinfection of the desktop and ground disinfection water after meals, the bathroom thoroughly disinfected three times a day to maintain its cleanliness and hygiene, young children leave the garden after ultraviolet disinfection for 40 minutes, including the classroom, bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms, young children's towels Steam disinfection 40 minutes a day, young children's tableware disinfection 40 minutes for 3 meals, the classroom teachers check the classroom machines, sleeping room window openings every day to maintain ventilation, canteen staff to do a good job cleaning kitchen utensils, tableware, so that there is no dust, grease. Kitchen knives, chopping boards, baskets, etc. to do raw, cooked separately, tableware disinfection of a meal.
3 Each child "four diligent" diligent hand-washing, diligent ventilation, diligent sun clothing, diligent exercise of personal hygiene requirements, and young children every day before and after meals, salt water gargle.
Parents should cooperate with what we do:
1, learn about the prevention of infectious diseases related knowledge. Do early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment. 2, actively cooperate with the classroom teachers to do a good job in the management of infectious diseases. Do a good job of personal hygiene of young children. 3, health education for young children. According to the seasonal changes in a timely manner to the children to increase or decrease clothing. 4, infectious diseases during the epidemic do not take children to places where people gather and places where the air is dirty to swim. 5, parents should adhere to the kindergarten before and after going home to the children to self-check, found abnormalities, such as: ulcers in the mouth, the panel has a rash or hands, feet, blisters, fever, diarrhea, and other symptoms in a timely manner to contact with the classroom teachers. 6, to strengthen the children's physical exercise, adhere to kindergarten, early bedtime and early rise, and a healthy body, and the children's health. Early to bed and early to rise, to develop good habits of work and rest, and at the same time to strengthen the management of the children's dietary hygiene at home, eat less cold food, do not eat unclean food. Not to give children with birthday food, candy, etc. into the park. 7, strengthen the home communication, timely exchange of children's health status.
What should parents do if they find a child with a suspected infectious disease?
1, parents found children for suspected infectious diseases, do not panic. To bring children to the city in a timely manner to the regular hospital. To do early detection, early diagnosis. 2, if the hospital diagnosed children for suspected infectious diseases, to immediately contact with the classroom teachers. Do report early. If the exclusion of infectious diseases must also hold a doctor's certificate before entering the school. 3, in accordance with the doctor's requirements for children to isolate the treatment, the children must hold a doctor's certificate to enter the school after recovery. Do early isolation, early treatment. To protect the susceptible population. 4, in the observation and treatment period, I hope that parents and classroom teachers to keep in touch with more, at the same time, our teachers will also be by phone to the children to physical and mental care.
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