High School Politics Review Outline
★☆★Economic Knowledge
Lesson 1 Commodities, Currency, and the Law of Value
1. Commodities< /p>
(1) The relationship between use value and value
Difference: (1) Different meanings. Use value is an attribute that can satisfy people's needs. Value is the value of undifferentiated human labor bound up in commodities. (2) Different forms. Use value is concrete; value is abstract. (3) Different properties. Use value is a natural attribute; value is a social attribute. (4) The subjects are different. Use value is owned by the seller; value is paid by the buyer.
Contact: Commodity is the unity of use value and value. Use value is the material bearer of value, and value cannot be separated from use value. (Unity)
Contradiction: Commodity producers must transfer the use value of commodities if they want to obtain the value of commodities; consumers of commodities must pay value if they want to obtain the use value of commodities.
(2) Ten major relationships
1. The value of a commodity is directly proportional to the socially necessary labor time.
2. The value of commodities is inversely proportional to social labor productivity.
3. Socially necessary labor time is inversely proportional to social labor productivity.
4. The value of a commodity has nothing to do with individual labor time.
5. The value of commodities has nothing to do with individual labor productivity.
6. The total value of commodities is inversely proportional to individual labor time.
7. The total value of commodities is directly proportional to individual labor productivity.
8. The total value of commodities has nothing to do with socially necessary labor time.
9. The total value of commodities has nothing to do with social labor productivity.
10. Individual labor time is inversely proportional to individual labor productivity.
2. Currency
(1) Differences and connections between commodities, currencies and banknotes
Comparison Commodity Currency Banknote
Difference Expression Form Variety of gold, silver, paper
Production time, first, last, last
Essence, value, general equivalent, currency symbol
Is it valuable? Yes Yes No
< p>Contact Currency is the product of commodity exchange that has developed to a certain stage. The amount of banknotes issued should be limited to the amount of money actually needed in circulation.(2) The relationship between commodity value, commodity price and monetary value
When the relationship between supply and demand remains unchanged, the price of commodities is not only determined by the commodity value, but also by the monetary value. Influence. When the value of commodities rises and the value of money remains unchanged, the price of commodities rises; when the value of commodities remains unchanged and the value of money falls, the price of commodities rises; when the value of commodities falls and the value of money remains unchanged, the price of commodities rises. Commodity prices will fall; when the value of commodities remains unchanged and the value of money increases, commodity prices will also fall.
(3) The difference between price and exchange value is the same as ***
The same point: both are expressions of commodity value. They are all based on value and determined by value.
Difference:
A exchange value (referring to the ratio or relationship between the quantities of two use values ??exchanged) existed before the creation of money (that is, the period of barter exchange), while price Exists after the creation of currency.
B Price is a symbol of value, but exchange value is not.
(4) The difference between direct barter exchange and commodity circulation
(1) Different formulas: direct barter exchange is an early commodity exchange and a direct exchange of things. , the formula is commodity-commodity, commodity circulation refers to the exchange of commodities using money as the medium, and the formula is commodity-currency-commodity;
(2) Direct barter exchange generally occurs before currency is produced. The circulation of commodities occurs after the creation of money;
(3) The buying and selling of direct barter exchange are carried out at the same time. As long as both parties are satisfied, the transaction can be concluded, while the buying and selling of commodity circulation are carried out at the same time. , are separated in space.
3. Law of value
1. The content and expression of the law of value
Note:
(1) Equivalent exchange does not exist in every occasion, but as a whole, from the essence of commodity exchange .
(2) The phenomenon of price fluctuations does not violate the law of value. This is because price fluctuations are value-centered. In the long run, the average price of commodities is still consistent with value, that is, it is still Implement equal exchange.
2. The role of the law of value (very important, if you are not familiar with or understand it, please go back to the textbook)
Key knowledge synthesis:
Currency, prices, inflation and deflation, Fiscal policy
1. Laws of Currency Circulation
The amount of currency required in circulation - formula (contains three factors, be familiar with them)
2. Factors affecting commodity prices:
①The value of the commodity (directly proportional) ②The change in the value of the currency itself (inversely proportional) ③The country's macro-control ④The relationship between supply and demand ⑤The purchasing power of consumers ⑥The newness of fresh goods (the use value of the goods) ⑦The amount of banknotes issued
3． Prices and Inflation
Inflation will inevitably cause price increases, but not all price increases are caused by inflation
(1) The main factors causing inflation are:
First, the issuance of banknotes is too large, exceeding the amount of currency required in circulation;
Second, the circulation turnover of banknotes is accelerated. (In a certain period, due to fear of rising prices, people rush to buy the currency in their hands as soon as possible to speed up the circulation of currency)
(2) The reasons for rising prices include: in addition to inflation There are also
First, the supply of goods exceeds demand; second, the country’s macro-control policies (policy-based price adjustments, rationalizing price relationships) have caused an increase in the issuance of banknotes; third, investment and consumer demand are overheated; fourth, , Price management is lax, and arbitrary charges and price increases occur; Fifth, due to some special reasons, the socially necessary labor time for producing commodities increases, and the value of commodities increases.
(3) The essence of inflation: total social demand is greater than total social supply.
(4) The impact of inflation: Inflation will distort price information, disrupt the social economy, damage the interests of the people, cause social instability, affect social and economic development, and cause great harm.
(5) Countermeasures: A should vigorously develop production and increase effective supply; B should control the money supply and credit scale, implement a moderately tight fiscal policy and live within its means, strive to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, and at the same time strengthen Management of extra-budgetary funds; C must control the scale of fixed asset investment and restrain the excessive growth of consumer funds; D must deepen the reform of the circulation system, strengthen the construction of the market system, reduce circulation links, and reduce circulation costs.
4. Deflation
(1) Meaning: Deflation refers to an economic phenomenon in which the overall price level continues to decline for a long period of time caused by the total demand for goods and services being less than the partial supply. It is related to inflation. The phenomenon is exactly the opposite.
(2) Reasons:
First, the main reason is that the macroeconomic environment changes from commodity shortage to relative surplus, and the market changes from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market; second, long-term , Large-scale price declines have caused business difficulties, affected investor confidence, reduced employment rates, and reduced residents' incomes. Third, low-price dumping and vicious competition, continued sluggish consumer demand, and weak growth in money supply; fourth, slow growth in fixed asset investment and irrational economic structure have become more prominent; fifth, the impact of foreign economic crises has led to weak growth in international demand , and overlaps with insufficient domestic demand.
(3) Essence: The total social demand is less than the total social supply.
(4) Harm: First, it affects the enthusiasm of enterprises for production and investment; second, it strengthens residents’ “purchase-hate” mentality, leading to sluggish market sales; third, it suppresses total social demand and restricts national economic growth.
(5) Countermeasures: First, lower interest rates, stimulate social investment, and increase the supply of money; second, encourage consumption and speed up currency turnover; third, issue government bonds and increase infrastructure investment. Strengthen efforts to expand total social demand; fourth, accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, accelerate product upgrading, attract social consumption, and reduce the backlog of products.
5. The connection and difference between inflation and deflation
Contact: First, they are both caused by the imbalance between total social demand and total social supply, that is, the imbalance between the actual amount of currency needed in circulation and the amount issued. caused.
Second, it will affect normal economic life and social and economic order.
Therefore, it must be suppressed.
Differences: First, the meaning and essence are different: (refer to the above)
Second, the performance is different.
During inflation, the economy overheats, demand expands, and prices rise.
During deflation, various price indexes continue to decline for a long time. International and domestic demand growth is weak.
Third, the hazards and solutions are different.
Inflation will cause chaos in social and economic life.
Measures: (refer to the above)
Deflation is good for people’s lives to a certain extent, but it will seriously affect the confidence of investors and the consumption psychology of residents, and is not conducive to the growth of enterprises. Normal operations are detrimental to the long-term development of the economy and the long-term interests of the people.
Measures: (Refer to the above) Comprehensive use of investment, consumption, foreign trade export and other measures to stimulate economic growth. (Mainly to expand domestic demand).
Analysis of important issues
1. Why should our country pay attention to cracking down on counterfeit and shoddy goods?
(1) Commodity is a unity of use value and value, and counterfeit and shoddy goods separate the connection between the two.
(2) The quality of products is related to the credibility and image of operators. The production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods constitutes unfair competition and undermines the normal market order.
(3) The quality of products is related to the vital interests of consumers. The state’s crackdown on counterfeit and shoddy goods in accordance with the law is a manifestation of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
(4) The emergence of counterfeit and shoddy goods is a spontaneous manifestation of the market economy. The legal system should be strengthened;
(5) The emergence of counterfeit and shoddy goods is against the principles of market transactions;
(6) The emergence of counterfeit and shoddy goods is against the principles of business operators and labor The professional ethics that a worker should have. It is also unfair competition.
(7) The state’s crackdown on counterfeit and shoddy goods is a manifestation of exercising the functions of a socialist state and adhering to the principles of governing the country according to law and being responsible to the people.
2. Which party and country attaches great importance to product quality?
For the party and the country, product quality is not only related to economic benefits, but also to social benefits. The purpose of socialist production is to continuously meet the people's growing needs for material and cultural life. This need manifests itself not only in the quantity of goods offered, but also in the quality of the products. Only by continuously supplying society with products of high quality, sufficient quantity and marketability can the goal of socialist production be achieved.
In addition, low-quality products not only fail to bring economic benefits to the company and the country, but also cause a waste of social resources, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the national economy and the competition of our products in the international market. .
Therefore, the party and the country have always attached great importance to product quality issues.
3. Why should commodity producers and operators pay attention to product quality?
Paying attention to the quality of goods means paying attention to the use value of goods. Commodity is the unity of use value and value, and use value is the material bearer of value.
The purpose of producing and operating commodities is to obtain value. For this purpose, the use value must be transferred. If the quality of the commodities is not high, cannot meet certain needs of people, and cannot be sold, it cannot be transferred through transfer. If you try to realize value through use value, you will lose money. High-quality products have high reputation, sell quickly, make more profits, and have high economic benefits.
4. Why do consumers value product quality?
Consumers buy goods to obtain use value and meet certain needs of their own. High-quality products can also improve their quality of life. If the goods they buy are of poor quality or are fake, this will Not only will it fail to meet needs, but it will also cause economic losses, and sometimes even endanger life and property.
Therefore, consumers should pay attention to the quality of products.
Wto noun: What are the "yellow box" and "green box"
1. Domestic policy measures that must be reduced - "yellow box" policy measures.
The Agreement on Agriculture refers to policies that distort production and trade as "amber box" policy measures, requiring members to make reductions. The "yellow box" policy measures mainly include: price subsidies, marketing loans, area subsidies, livestock quantity subsidies, input subsidies for seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, etc., and some subsidized loan projects.
2. Domestic support policies that are exempt from cuts - "green box" policy measures.
"Green box" policy measures refer to support measures that have no distorting effect on agricultural trade and agricultural production, or at best have a negligible impact. "Green box" policy measures mainly include: agricultural general services, subsidies to ensure food security reserves, domestic food subsidies, income subsidies for single-parent families, government subsidies in income insurance and income safety net programs, natural disaster relief subsidies, Subsidies for agricultural producers to retire or change production, etc.
Lesson 2: The basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism in my country
1. Economic system
(1) The meaning, content and role of the public ownership economy.
1. The public ownership of the economy is the dominant position - its manifestations are twofold: 1. The dominance of public assets requires both quantitative advantages and quality improvement. two, .
2. The state-owned economy plays a leading role - there are two manifestations of this: First, the control over the economy, such as finance, communications, railways, aviation, electricity, oil, natural gas, metallurgy, chemical industry, etc. Second: The state-owned economy must guide and influence the people.
3. The management system of my country's rural collective economy: a two-tier management system based on household contracting and combining unified management and decentralization.
4． The 16th National Congress’s new views on the “transfer of land contract management rights” in rural areas:
(1) Adhere to the long-term stability of the Party’s basic policies in rural areas; (2) Develop large-scale operations; (3) Respect farmers’ markets subject position.
(2) The forms of public ownership should be diversified: 1. All management methods and organizational forms that reflect the laws of socialized production can be used. 2. This is also determined by the law that productivity determines production relations. 3. As long as it meets the "three benefits", all forms can be used.
(3) The main non-public economy in my country at the current stage
The status and role of the non-public economy: It is an important non-public economy in the primary stage of socialism (or: socialist market important economic form or component of the economy).
Pay attention to an error-prone statement: it cannot be said to be "an important part of the socialist economy or an important economic form."
(4) In the primary stage of our country, public ownership is the main body, with a variety of The basic economic system (i.e. ownership structure) for the simultaneous development of ownership economy
1. The objective necessity for the existence of this basic economic system
Fundamentally speaking, it is. It is determined by the objective law that production relations must be suitable for the development of productive forces. Specifically, it is determined by the nature of socialism in our country and the national conditions in the primary stage.
1) Our country is a socialist country and must be. Adhere to public ownership as the basis of the socialist economic system.
2) Our country is in the primary stage of socialism and needs to develop a diverse ownership economy with public ownership as the mainstay.
(Productivity) The overall level is still relatively backward, development is uneven, and productivity is multi-layered)
3) All forms of ownership that meet the three "benefits" can and should be used to serve socialism. A form of ownership that is conducive to the development of the productive forces of socialist society... comprehensive national strength... living standards...)
2. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward two musts: the public ownership economy must be unswervingly consolidated and developed . We must unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy.
3. Adhere to public ownership as the main body, promote the development of non-public ownership economy, and integrate it into the process of socialist modernization. The two cannot be opposed. Economies of various types of ownership can fully exert their respective advantages in market competition, promote each other, and develop together.
2. Distribution system
(1) Content and reasons
1) Adapted to the current level of productivity development
2) Determined by my country’s ownership structure
3) It is an objective requirement for the development of a socialist market economy
(Under market economy conditions, there are various factors of production such as capital, labor, land, technology, etc. Owner)
(2) Distribution method: distribution according to work-the scope of public ownership; income from individual labor results-individual labor; distribution according to production factors-capital, land, technology, information, labor force... ; Welfare distribution - the distribution that guarantees the livelihood of workers in the public economy and the various incomes obtained from social security;
(3) Prioritize efficiency and take into account fairness (why?)
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(4) The development of the distribution system at the 16th National Congress: Protect all legal labor income and non-labor income
1. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the principle of participation in distribution of production factors such as labor, capital, technology and management according to their contribution. It provides a theoretical basis for further improving the distribution system in which distribution according to work is the main body and multiple distribution methods coexist.
2. Labor income: income is distributed according to work in the public economy, income is distributed according to labor factors in the non-public economy, labor income of individual workers, management income...
3. Non-labor income: capital (including the income of self-employed individuals due to investment?), technology, information, land...
4. The new formulation does not negate our country's distribution system, but it has developed.
3. The basic meaning of market and market economy
(1) The meaning of market and market economy
(2) The means of resource allocation: planning and market
(3) ) The meaning, necessity and means of macro-control
1. The necessity of national macro-control:
Market regulation is not omnipotent, and the market also has its weaknesses and defects (spontaneity, blindness, lag).
(1) Spontaneity: The law of value works spontaneously, and people's behavior in pursuing their own interests is spontaneous. The social conflicts caused are not conducive to the healthy development of the economy and society.
(2) Blindness------The participants in economic activities are dispersed, independent, and have incomplete information, which will inevitably lead to economic fluctuations and waste of resources.
(3) Hysteresis - due to post-event adjustment, there is a time lag, leading to economic fluctuations and waste of resources.
2. Macroeconomic control - "visible hand", value law (both market and price) - "invisible hand"
3. The main means of macro-control
(4) Basic characteristics of market economy
1. Equality: meaning - the relationship between participants in economic activities in the market is equal.
Reasons - Fundamentally, it is determined by the law of value (principle of equivalent exchange)
Requirements - equality of identity of parties; equality of transactions.
2. Competitiveness: meaning - there is extensive competition among participants in economic activities in the market.
Reason - an inevitable product of commodity economy.
Function - the prerequisite for commodity exchange; prompting commodity producers and operators to improve technology, increase labor productivity, survival of the fittest; and promote the realization of optimal allocation of resources. In short, it is a necessary condition for the effective operation of the market economy
How to carry out it correctly - fair competition
Negative effects - waste and monopoly of social resources.
3. Legality: meaning - social and economic operations have a sound legal basis, and the economic activities of producers and operators are carried out in accordance with market economy regulations.
Function - A sound legal system is the basis and criterion for handling conflicts and reflecting fairness.
Requirements—Learn the law, understand the law, abide by the law, and use it.
4. Openness: meaning - markets are not closed to each other. The country is a unified large market and is connected with the world market.
Reason - Determined by the characteristics of production and operation under market economy conditions, social division of labor and production specialization requirements.
Function—to achieve the goal of optimal allocation of resources
Requirement—opening to the outside world.
(5) Basic characteristics of the socialist market economy (the market economy itself is not divided into capitalist and socialist)
*The socialist market economy is based on the realization of common prosperity for all people. Goals (the nature and goals of socialism?).
(6) The relationship between market regulation and macro-control
1. The goal of my country's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system. Giving full play to the role of market mechanisms and strengthening macro-control are basic requirements for establishing a socialist market economic system, and both are indispensable.
2) Giving full play to the role of the market mechanism is actually to give play to the regulatory role of the law of value. Allocating resources based on the market will bring high efficiency to the entire national economy.
3) The market has its own weaknesses and negative aspects, and the country’s macro-control must be strengthened and improved. This is also an objective requirement of socialized mass production.
Lesson 3 Enterprises and Operators
1. Enterprises
The basic meaning of joint-stock companies and stocks, and the dividend calculation formula
2 , State-owned enterprises
(1) Status: State-owned enterprises are the backbone of our country's national economy and the main source of national fiscal revenue.
(2) Importance of reform: It is important to establish a socialist market economic system, promote sustained, rapid and healthy economic development, improve people's living standards, maintain a stable and united political situation, and consolidate the socialist system. significance.
(3) Necessity of reform: Ineffective mechanisms, weak capabilities, excessive debt, too many personnel, difficult operations, and declining efficiency.
(4) Reform goal: establish a modern enterprise system
(5) General principle of reform: advance and retreat, do something and not do something.
(6) Layout adjustment: Strategically adjust the layout of the state-owned economy. It is necessary to combine the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure with the adjustment and improvement of the ownership structure, and adhere to the principle of advancing and retreating, and doing things and not doing them. .
(7) Strategic reorganization: Grasp the big and let go of the small.
(8) The importance of developing large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises in consolidating the socialist system (Textbook P73-74)
3. Improving the economic efficiency of enterprises
(1) Meaning: Economic benefit = total production value/production cost (note the difference with profit rate)
(2) Importance:
1) For enterprises - beneficial Enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises
2) For the people - it is conducive to improving people's living standards
3) For society - it is conducive to strengthening the overall national strength and consolidating the main body of public ownership position and give full play to the advantages of the socialist system.
(3) Methods and approaches: (1) Rely on science and technology to transform the economic growth mode of enterprises from extensive to intensive.
(2) Adopt modern management methods to improve the level of business management.
(4) Profit and economic benefits
1. Economic efficiency is a comprehensive indicator for measuring economic activities. It refers to the proportional relationship between useful labor results and labor consumption in economic activities, that is, "income and expenditure", "income and expenses". The economic benefit of an enterprise refers to the proportional relationship between the enterprise's total production value and production costs.
2. Profit is the difference between gross production and production costs.
3. The relationship between economic benefits and profits is inseparable from production costs.
(1) When the production cost remains unchanged, it can be analyzed in three situations
First. If profits increase, then economic benefits will definitely increase.
Second. If profits remain unchanged, economic benefits will also remain unchanged.
Third. If profits decline, economic benefits also decline.
(2) When production costs increase, it can be analyzed in the following situations
First. If profits increase, there are three situations
① Profits and production costs increase at the same rate, and the economic benefits remain unchanged at this time.
② If the increase in profit is greater than the increase in production costs, then the economic benefits will increase.
③ If the increase in profit is smaller than the increase in production costs, then the economic benefits will decrease.
Second. If profits remain unchanged or decline, economic benefits will decline.
(3) When production costs drop, it can be analyzed in the following situations
First. If profits remain unchanged or increase, economic benefits will increase in both cases.
Second. If profits also decline, there are also three situations.
① Profits and production costs decrease at the same rate, and the economic benefits remain unchanged at this time.
② If the profit decline is greater than the decline in production costs, then the economic benefits will decline.
③ If the profit decrease is smaller than the production cost decrease, then the economic benefits will increase.
Thinking: Does the increase in total corporate profits mean that the economic benefits of the company have improved?
Analysis: The economic efficiency of an enterprise depends on two factors: one is the total profit of the enterprise, and the other is the total product cost or all the funds of the enterprise. Therefore, there are three possibilities for whether an increase in the total amount of enterprise profits can improve economic benefits: ① If the total amount of enterprise profits increases faster than the total product cost or the total amount of enterprise funds, including the increase in the total enterprise profits, and the total product cost or The total amount of enterprise funds remains unchanged; the total amount of enterprise profits increases, but the total product cost or the total amount of enterprise funds decreases. These two possibilities indicate that the economic benefits of the enterprise have improved. ② If the total profit increases as fast as the total product cost or the total amount of corporate funds, it means that the economic benefits have not changed. ③If the total profit of the enterprise does not increase as fast as the total product cost or the total amount of the enterprise's funds, it means that the economic benefit of the enterprise has declined.
Therefore, an increase in the total amount of corporate profits does not necessarily mean that the economic benefits of the company have improved.
(5) Corporate mergers and corporate bankruptcies are inevitable in market competition.
1． The meaning and significance of mergers
2. The meaning and necessity of corporate bankruptcy
3. Implement the "strong alliance" of large enterprises and enterprise groups
IV. Enterprise operators
The quality of enterprise operators (especially business quality)
Enterprises The reputation and image of a company are mainly reflected in the quality of its products and services
5. The difference between fair competition and unfair competition
Comparison Motivation and starting point when participating in competition Methods adopted during competition Social effects and legal consequences
Fair competition, abide by laws and market activity norms, obtain maximum profits with minimum consumption, legitimate, legal and fair business practices. Mainly by improving quality, improving technology, reducing costs and improving credibility. It protects the interests of the country, the collective and consumers, improves labor productivity, promotes technological progress, and is conducive to the development of the socialist market economy. Encouraged and protected by law.
Unfair competition is an illegal act of evading the law or directly violating the law in order to obtain high illegal gains. The main manifestations are fraud, fraud, and self-interest at the expense of others. It damages the legitimate rights and interests of other operators and consumers, disrupts the social and economic order, and not only fails to increase social wealth, but also brings waste to existing wealth. Subject to legal prohibitions and sanctions.
Lesson 4 Industry and Labor
1. The difference between Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Comparison National Product Gross Domestic Product
Differences have different meanings. It refers to the monetary expression of the total amount of final products and services produced by all sectors of a country in a certain period (usually one year). It refers to the monetary expression of the total amount of final products and services produced by a country in a certain period (usually one year). (one year), within its territory, the monetary expression of the total amount of final products and services produced by domestic residents and foreign residents
The standards are different, based on the country’s permanent residents, based on national boundaries
English abbreviation GNP GDP
Contact Gross Domestic Product = Gross National Product - the capital income and labor income of the country's permanent residents from abroad + the capital income and labor income of foreign residents from the country ; are important indicators that comprehensively reflect national economic activities
Comparison of the second and third major industries (please recall the omitted parts yourself)
Comparison of agriculture, industry and tertiary industry
Meaning
Classification
Status The foundation of the national economy The dominance of the national economy Important features of the modern economy
Function and significance (please pay special attention)
p>Current situation: Weak foundation, low quality, lagging development
The way out: "Two high and one excellent" agriculture, adjust and improve, revitalize pillar industries, and actively develop
Relationships The three major industries are closely related connected and mutually restrictive.
Without the development of the primary and secondary industries, there can be no development of the tertiary industry. Because the comprehensive development of the tertiary industry requires the primary and secondary industries to provide a large amount of machinery and equipment, raw materials, fuel and various consumer materials. The development of the tertiary industry can promote the development of the primary and secondary industries. Because the tertiary industry not only provides production, supply and consumer services for the primary and secondary industries, but also provides knowledge, information, funds, technology and talents for the primary and secondary industries, thus improving the labor productivity of the primary and secondary industry sectors. At the same time, the comprehensive development of the tertiary industry provides a broad market for the development of the primary and secondary industries.
3. How to develop high-yielding, high-quality, and efficient agriculture (used more often)
1) First 2) The key is 3) It needs to be based on the increase (two aspects) 4) Actively develop operations (the meaning must be clear)
IV. About township enterprises
1. They play a decisive role in promoting the rapid growth of rural economy and have become An important pillar of my country's rural economy.
2. The development of township enterprises is the only way to prosper the rural economy, increase farmers' income, promote agricultural modernization and national economic development.
3. It is actually a problem of rural industrial structure adjustment
5. Regarding agricultural and rural structural adjustment: the internal structure of the planting industry; the internal structure of large agriculture; the three major industrial structures in rural areas ;Urban and rural structure; farmers’ employment structure; product structure; geographical layout; (Pay attention to the relationship between the transfer of farmers’ contracted land management rights and structural adjustment.)
6. How to increase farmers’ income?
1． Continue to promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture.
2. Develop secondary and tertiary industries, promote rural industrialization and urbanization, and transfer rural labor force.
3. Persist in deepening rural reform, implement rural policies, and protect, mobilize and give full play to farmers' enthusiasm
4. According to the characteristics of different economic regions, formulate and implement different income-increasing policies to narrow the income gap among farmers in different regions
5. Increase support for agriculture and strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction
6. We will intensify rural tax and fee reform and intensify efforts to reduce the burden on farmers.
Note: New perspective - 2003 Central Rural Work Conference: "To promote agricultural structural adjustment, build modern agriculture, and increase farmers' income, we must regard the development of "high-yielding, high-quality, efficient, ecological, and safe" agriculture as Core. "
Note: How to increase farmers' income, how to develop agriculture, and how to solve rural problems, that is, the three rural issues have the same aspects, but they are not completely the same.