Forest recreation refers to the general term for activities that help people relax, regulate body functions, and promote (maintain) physical and mental health by utilizing forest ecological environment resources and giving full play to the recreational and health care functions of forest ecosystem environmental factors for the purpose of promoting public health and preventing diseases.
A forest recreation base refers to a recreation complex that has high-quality forest and wetland resources and ecological environment, combines local characteristics with recreation resources, and carries out activities such as recreation, fitness, permaculture, old-age care, recuperation, cognition, experience, and so on, and is able to provide the environmental space, supporting facilities, and corresponding service system that promotes people's physical and mental health.
n Forest Recreation Base Land Issues
At present, the state actively supports and safeguards the supply of land for forest recreation projects through multiple channels. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other 17 departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism", which explicitly states that it supports the development of forest tourism and recreational tourism by combining rural mountain resources and forest resources, and explicitly stipulates that all areas should include the construction of land for rural tourism projects in the territorial spatial planning and the annual utilization of the plan for the overall arrangement. On the premise of complying with the requirements of ecological environmental protection and relevant planning, it encourages the revitalization of idle construction land resources in rural areas, carries out the linkage between the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, optimizes the structure and layout of construction land, and promotes the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. On the premise of fully safeguarding the usufructuary rights of farmers' residence bases, explore the revitalization and utilization of idle residence bases and farmhouses by rural collective economic organizations by way of leasing, share-holding and cooperation, etc., and, in accordance with the requirements of planning and land use standards, reconstruct and build venues for services, receptions and activities, such as forest recreation. Article 63 of the Land Management Law stipulates that the collective operational construction land identified for industrial, commercial and other operational uses in the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, and registered in accordance with the law, may be handed over by the land owner to a unit or an individual by way of granting or leasing, etc. The new Land Management Law to be implemented in 2020 stipulates that, on the premise of conforming to the planning and use control, rural collective operational construction land is permitted to be marketed, allowing the rural collective economic organizations to utilize idle residence land and farm houses in accordance with the planning requirements and land use standards.
In the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Encouraging and Supporting the Participation of Social Capital in Ecological Protection and Restoration" released on November 10, 2021, it is stipulated that the main body of ecological protection and restoration that concentrates on continuous ecological restoration to reach a certain scale and the expected goal is allowed to obtain a certain share of the right to use natural resources in accordance with the rules and regulations and to engage in the restoration of up to 3% of the area for the purpose of tourism, recreation, sports, including agricultural facilities. No more than 3% of the restored area can be used for tourism, recreation, sports, including the industrial development of agricultural facilities. At the same time, under the condition that the quantity of arable land and permanent basic farmland will not be reduced and the quality will be improved, it is allowed to do spatial conversion and location adjustment. The new increase in arable land can also be used for the balance of occupation and compensation, and the savings in construction land can also be used for the increase and reduction of linkage.
For forest recreation projects that really need to use forest land, in accordance with the "Forest Law" and its implementing regulations, "construction projects using forest land review and approval of management measures" and other relevant provisions, according to the law to deal with the use of forest land review and approval procedures. Forest recreation projects are encouraged to utilize existing construction land and idle land in forest areas, forest farms and villages to build relevant supporting service facilities.
According to Article 36 of the newly revised Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China, the state protects forest land, strictly controls the conversion of forest land to non-forest land, and implements the control of the total amount of occupied forest land to ensure that the amount of forest land retained is not reduced. The occupation of forest land by various types of construction projects shall not exceed the total occupation of forest land control targets for the administrative region. Article 37: Mineral exploration, mining and other types of engineering construction, should not occupy or less occupied forest land; really need to occupy forest land, shall be examined and agreed by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, according to the construction land approval procedures.
The National Forest Land Protection and Utilization Planning Outline stipulates that the conversion of forest land into construction land is strictly limited. Forest land must be used for forestry development and ecological construction, and shall not be changed without authorization; for exploration, mining and construction projects, should not occupy or less occupy forest land, must occupy or requisition forest land, should be in accordance with the law to handle the examination and approval procedures. The State prepares or revises the total amount of forest land to be occupied or requisitioned once every five years, and breaks down the total amount of indicators to provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) on an annual basis. Article 14 of the Measures for the Management of Quotas for the Expropriation and Confiscation of Forest Land stipulates that the quotas shall be controlled by the total amount of quotas for five years, and transfers between years shall be allowed. If there are savings in the annual quota, it may be carried forward for use after approval by the competent forestry department of the State Council; if the annual quota is insufficient, it is permitted to use the quota of the following year in advance. The number of quotas used in advance shall not exceed 20% of the current year's quota. Of which, 10% or less, approved by the provincial forestry department, and reported to the State Council forestry department for the record; more than 10%, reported to the State Council forestry department for approval. Carry-over or early use of the quota, the State Council, the competent forestry department in the next year in the quota to give the corresponding increase or reduction.
The quota for the use of forest land for construction purposes will be in accordance with the implementation of the total occupation of forest land control, the total occupation of forest land for various types of construction projects to control the requirements of the index, to take a quantitative measurement and qualitative analysis combined with a combination of policy guidance and integrated demand, scientific measurements and data to support a combination of ways, based on the national economic and social development planning, national territorial spatial planning, medium- and long-term development planning for forestry, the protection and utilization of forest land planning, combined with the actual use of forest land, and the use of forest land, and the actual use of forest land. Based on national economic and social development planning, land and space planning, medium- and long-term forestry development planning, forest land protection and utilization planning, combined with the actual situation of forest land use, etc., through analyzing the situation of forest land quota use in each year of the region and the historical and prospective data of society, economy, land management, forest land use, etc., and by using modern mathematical methods to establish mathematical models, combined with qualitative analyses, scientifically predicted the demand for and supply of forest land, and then set the proposed indicators of the quota for forest land occupation. On the basis of the estimation of the supply and demand of forest land, combined with the situation of forest land resources in the region, the audit of the use of forest land for construction projects in recent years and the level of utilization of forest land, the integrated and balanced, rationally determining the proposed indicators of the quota of occupying forest land in the region, and the formation of the quota of occupying forest land for construction projects.
"Construction project use of forest land review and approval of management measures" Article 3: Construction projects should not occupy or less occupy forest land, must use forest land, should be consistent with the forest land protection and utilization planning, rational and economical intensive use of forest land. The use of forest land for construction projects is subject to total control and quota management. Construction projects are restricted from using forest land in ecologically important and ecologically fragile areas, from using natural forests and forest land with high storage capacity per unit area, and from using forest land for operational construction projects. Article 4: Construction projects occupying and temporarily occupying forest land shall comply with the provisions on hierarchical management of forest land: (1) All kinds of construction projects shall not use Class I protected forest land. (ii) Construction projects approved and agreed by the State Council, and infrastructure, public **** utility and livelihood construction projects approved by the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people's governments and their relevant departments may use Class II and below protected forest land. (C) For national defense and diplomatic construction projects, Grade II and the following protected forest land may be used. (D) Infrastructure, public **** utility and livelihood construction projects approved by the people's governments of counties (cities and districts) and cities and autonomous prefectures with districts, as well as their relevant departments, may use Class II and the following protected forest land. (e) Strategic emerging industry projects, exploration projects, large and medium-sized mines, and eco-tourism development projects conforming to the relevant tourism planning may use Class II and the following protected forest land. Other industrial, mining and warehousing construction projects and business projects in line with the planning, can use Class III and below to protect forest land. (f) Construction projects conforming to town planning and construction projects conforming to rural planning may use Class II and the following protected forest land. (vii) Construction projects conforming to the planning of nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and scenic spots may use Class II and the following protected forest land within the scope of nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and scenic spots. (viii) The use of forest land for quarrying (sand) sites and earth extraction sites supporting construction projects such as highways, railroads, communications, electric power, oil and gas pipelines and other linear projects, and water conservancy and hydroelectric power, waterway projects, etc. shall be carried out in accordance with the scope of the use of forest land for the main construction project, but no forested land within the Class II protected forest land shall be used. Among them, in the state-owned key forest areas determined by the State Council, no forested land in Class III or above protected forest land shall be used. (ix) Construction projects other than those mentioned above may use Class IV protected forest land. The use of forest land for construction projects other than those in the second, third and seventh subparagraphs of the first paragraph of this Article shall not be permitted to use Class I national public welfare forest land. The State Forestry Administration in accordance with the special circumstances of the specific construction project to use forest land otherwise provided, from its provisions.
Table: Forest land protection level grading and protection management measures
For example, to build a temporary building, the temporary occupation of land shall not exceed two years, and shall not build a permanent building. The legal provisions involved are as follows: Article 17 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Forestry Law: The need to temporarily occupy forest land shall be approved by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level. The period of temporary occupation of forest land shall not exceed two years, and permanent buildings shall not be constructed on the temporarily occupied forest land; after the expiration of the occupation period, the land-use unit must restore the conditions of forestry production. Article 43 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Forest Law: Where the use of forest land is changed without the approval of the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the restoration of the original status within a certain period of time, and impose a fine of RMB 10 yuan to RMB 30 yuan for each square meter of the forest land whose use has been changed illegally. Temporary occupation of forest land, overdue return, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
For example, the construction of a bed and breakfast is a change in the use of forest land, which must go through a formal review process. Involving the legal provisions are as follows: "Chinese People's *** and State Forestry Law" Article 18: survey, mining and various construction projects, should not occupy or less occupied forest land; must occupy or requisition forest land, by the people's governments above the county level, the competent forestry department review and approval, in accordance with the relevant land management laws and administrative regulations for construction land approval procedures, and by the land use unit in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council, pay the forest vegetation restoration fee. Provisions of the State Council to pay forest vegetation restoration fee.
n Main construction contents of forest recreation bases
On June 5, 2020, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Health Commission, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the four ministries jointly announced the list of the first batch of national forest recreation bases, which construction of national forest recreation bases should have the following Infrastructure:
(1) forest trails, leisure and sightseeing platforms, etc.
(2) Chinese medicine recreation facilities, such as traditional Chinese medicine health care venues, meditation, hot springs, hot springs, medicinal diets, rehabilitation and physiotherapy places, etc.
(3) natural education and experience facilities, such as science museums, natural experience places, with forest interpretation signage and guidance facilities;
(4) sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports, sports and leisure facilities, etc.
(5) forests, forests, forests, forests, forests and sports, etc. >
(4) sports experience facilities, such as sports, fitness, mountaineering, forest marathon, rock climbing, zip line, parachute jumping, bungee jumping, rafting, skiing, snow sports, etc.;
(5) recreation and vacation experience facilities, such as self-driving campsites, caravan campsites, vacation homes and chalets, etc.;
(6) hospitality accommodation facilities such as recreation hotels and other recreation and vacation infrastructure;
(7) transport and transportation facilities, such as the forest management center, the forest management center, and the forest management center.
(7) Transportation facilities, the base of the external connecting road at least three standards, the distance from the nearest airport, railway station, passenger terminal or pier and other transportation hubs is not more than 3h drive, with the car driving accessibility.
At the same time, the local relevant departments of the construction of forest recreation bases to refine the content. In Guizhou Province, the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the Guizhou Forestry Standardization Committee issued the "Forest Recreation Base Construction Specification," for example, the specification of the forest recreation base recreation service facilities are clearly categorized:
? Lodging facilities: rest homes, forest cabins, rest pavilions, campgrounds, forest hotels, ecological mountain villas, and field resting places.
? Catering facilities: green restaurants, leisure restaurants, catering service points, and so on.
? Shopping facilities: recreational organic green products sales points, craft souvenirs sales points, forest specialty products sales points, etc.
? Management service facilities: reception center, parking lot, ecological toilet, garbage station, management room, staff dormitory and so on.
? Recreation and fitness facilities: forest bath, meditation space, recreation trail, recreation service station, leisure seats, recreation club, herb garden, sunbathing area, cross-country walking trail, bicycle trail, rock climbing, etc.
? Leisure Recreation Facilities: forest multi-functional activity platforms, observation decks, leisure and fitness activity centers, children's play facilities and so on.
? Science education facilities: forest experience hall, forest classroom, education center, forest museum, herbarium, library, nature observation trail, animal observation platform, visiting road, hiking road, forest work experience field, etc.
? Medical Facilities: Healthcare Center, Recreation Institute, First Aid Center, Rehabilitation Center, and so on.
? Safety facilities: fences, berms, surveillance cameras, fire alarms, safety warnings, etc.
n Forest Recreation Base Cases
『Case 01--Hongya County, Sichuan Province』
Hongya County is located in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin, backed by the Emei Mountain, sitting on the Waya Mountain, belonging to the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone. Chengdu Plain Economic Zone, is an important node of Tianfu New Area. The county's highest elevation is 3090 meters, the lowest elevation is 417 meters, there are 330 large and small rivers, known as "seven mountains, two water, one field" reputation. It has an area of 1,896 square kilometers and a total population of 350,000 people. It has the natural "eight degrees of advantage" of suitable temperature, suitable height, moderate latitude, high degree of greenery, good cleanliness and quietness, thick negative oxygen, sufficient essence and strong superiority, and is known as "Pearl of the Green Sea" and "Garden of Heavenly Capital". ". In recent years, Hongya County focus on the development of high-quality recreation support, focus on creating a forest recreation " experience business, anti-aging business, vacation business " three major business, vigorously develop the forest recreation industry, help rural revitalization.
Forest Recreation Experience Industry: In the PPP way of government guidance, company head figure, enterprise cooperation, the main forest recreation experience demonstration base in Yuping Mountain. Focusing on the four major directions of "forest healing, permaculture vacation, self-driving tourism and outdoor sports", the company has created dynamic project experience areas such as paragliding, rainbow slide, glass stacks, and mountain all-terrain vehicles, developed static project experience areas such as forest tai chi, Zen garden, and tea ceremony, and set up comprehensive project experience areas such as natural schools, forest museums, and ecological civilization education bases. It also builds a highly equipped health management center and introduces the classic "three days and two nights" experience package for forest recreation. The forest recreation base receives 3,000 person-times of experience annually, with an average annual income of 18 million yuan. The company's main goal is to bring the state-owned forest employees to transform employment, from the traditional "ranger" to "recreation teacher", the traditional tourist attractions into the forest recreation model place.
Forest recreation and anti-aging industry: In the Qiliping main forest recreation and anti-aging demonstration base. To create a comprehensive recreational program of "medical, health, tourism, residence, culture, agriculture, forest" seven in one. It cooperates with famous medical institutes such as Buck Institute for Anti-Aging Research and Peking Union Medical College to develop biological cell therapy products and launch biological anti-aging services. Focusing on the 5S concept of the human body, it has launched differentiated forest recreation and anti-aging vacation packages for 3 to 180 days. It has built a hot springs recreation center, a forest recreation and meditation path, a health management center, a mid-level recreation town, and a conservation nursery for precious Chinese herbs. The resort receives more than 1 million tourists annually, contributes more than 500 million yuan in tax revenue, and promotes the employment of more than 9,000 people. The village where the resort is located, the per capita net income from 2008, 2000 yuan to 33,000 yuan, becoming one of the province's rural revitalization demonstration.
Forest Recreation and Vacation Industry: Inviting Swiss Steinel design company to the Waya Mountain area and Liujiang Ancient Town area overall planning, Waya Mountain is positioned as a "Waya Mountain, China-Switzerland International Mountain Resort Tourism Demonstration Model". The Chinese and Swiss international mountain vacation tourism demonstration area", the main forest recreation vacation demonstration base. Utilizing the Waya Mountain Forest Park's reputation as "the kingdom of the world's azaleas", "the hometown of China's pigeon flowers" and "the home of the wild panda" to create a popular science vacation package for young people; relying on the characteristics of the Relying on the characteristics of folk lodging, star-rated forest homes, forest towns, etc., the company creates vacation packages for people in the workplace; relying on the characteristics of summer vacation and haze avoidance, health food and medicinal diets, etc., it forms the middle-aged and old-aged health care vacation packages. Over the past three years, the Waya Mountain scenic area has realized a total income of more than 4 billion yuan, and directly driven the employment of more than 600 family laborers. The successful construction of a "livable county town a green town a beautiful countryside" ecological space new pattern, Waya Mountain town was named China's most beautiful forest town.
Case 02 - Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province
Pan'an County is located in the middle of Zhejiang Province and is one of the first batch of national ecological demonstration zones, national ecological counties, demonstration counties for national forest tourism, and pilot counties for forest recreation and permaculture construction in Zhejiang Province. The whole territory of 1195 square kilometers, forest coverage rate of 80.95%. Since the pilot in 2015, to " into the forest oxygen bar, enjoy the forest beauty of the film, taste the forest food, bath forest culture " as the main line, vigorously develop the forest leisure and permaculture industry, received 13.53 million tourists in 2018, realizing a total tourism income of 12.2 billion yuan.
Create characteristic forest town: focus on building Jiangnan medicine town, the ancient tea farm culture town, Jianshan forest tourism and leisure town and the Nankong Turkic forest tourism and leisure permaculture town, formed a distinctive, complementary characteristics of the network of characteristics of the forest town. Ling Jiangyuan Forest Park as an important carrier for the creation of the town, built in 2018, the high altitude glass bridge, become a "net red card place". 2019 development of sky glass corridor, create Guinness World Records, and become a "hit".
Building a colorful forest landscape: With the theme of "five valleys of abundance", focusing on building the cherry blossom valley, azalea valley, rose valley, peony valley and ginkgo valley. At present, 100 miles of cherry blossom corridor, 10,000 acres of wild azalea, a thousand kinds of rose, 100,000 peony, 1,000 acres of ginkgo, has become the best forest recreation and conservation tourism in Panan.
Construction of classic forest trails: With 52 remaining trails as the base, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University was commissioned to prepare the "Pan'an County Forest Trail Protection and Utilization Plan", and with the functional layout of "Two Rings and Ten Lines", we focus on creating a cluster ring of forest trails, a ring of national hiking trails, and ten classic forest trails, which are the most popular and popular in China. The plan is based on a functional layout of "two rings and ten lines", focusing on creating a cluster ring of forest trails, a ring of national hiking trails, and ten classic forest trails, fully protecting and expanding the resource landscape and value function of forest trails.
Create a cluster of forest homes: focus on building the Wushihome, Hushihome, Lingjiangyuan home, Baiyunshan home, Nianxian home and other forest home clusters, the launch of the "Pan'an Mountain Residence, *** enjoy the farmhouse" brand, has now developed 691 Nongjiajia, *** enjoy the farmhouse 1060 households, the practitioners, the work of the "Pan'an Mountain Residence, *** enjoy the farmhouse" brand, now the development of 691, *** enjoy the farmhouse 1060 households. The company has developed 691 farmhouses, 1060 households, 10,000 employees, and a direct business income of 264 million yuan.
"Forest medicine" integration development: and Zhejiang Hospital to carry out "forest bathing" cooperation research, proved that the good forest ecological environment of coronary heart disease, heart failure patients have obvious health body role. It is conducive to the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, and the effect of multiple experiences is better.
n Summary
In the context of China's rich forest resources and the central government's call for the construction of a large health industry system, forest recreation bases have been widely carried out throughout the country, with the goal of building 300 national forest recreation bases by 2022 and 1,200 by 2035, to continuously meet the needs of the people in the post-epidemic era. The goal is to build 300 national forest recreation bases by 2022 and 1,200 by 2035, so as to continuously meet the people's needs for a better and healthier life in the post epidemic era. However, at present, China's forest recreation bases are still in the initial stage of development, and the development process involves many problems that still need to be continuously explored, and the land use problem mentioned above is an important part of the development of forest recreation bases that needs to be solved. Although the state has very strict control over the use of forest land for construction projects, the frequent issuance of policies to actively support the supply of land for forest recreation and other projects in recent years has also confirmed the importance that the state attaches to the construction of forest recreation bases. Therefore, the development of forest recreation is timely in terms of social benefits, policy environment, development of the recreation industry, forestry transformation and other factors.
n Attachment
National Forest Recreation Bases (First Batch) List
National Forest Recreation Bases by County
National Forest Recreation Bases by Operational Subjects
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