China's nuclear wastewater treatment methods are: biological treatment, chemical treatment, ion exchange method and so on.
One, biological treatment method
Microbial treatment of low-level radioactive wastewater is the 1960s began to study the new process, this method of removing radioactive wastewater in the uranium at home and abroad have a certain amount of research, but at present more in the experimental research stage.
Second, chemical treatment method
Chemical precipitation method is the precipitant and wastewater in trace amounts of radionuclides *** precipitation method. Wastewater radionuclides in the hydroxide, carbonate, phosphate and other compounds are mostly insoluble, and thus can be removed in the treatment. The purpose of the chemical treatment is to make the radionuclides in the wastewater to transfer and gather into a small volume of sludge, and make the wastewater remaining after the deposition of very little radioactivity, so as to be able to meet the discharge standards.
Three, ion exchange method
Ion exchange method uses ion exchange resins, suitable for wastewater with low salt content. When the salt content is high, the cost spent on treatment with ion exchange resin is higher than the selective process. This is mainly due to the fact that low selectivity resins are highly correlated to radionuclides. In the purification of radioactive wastewater, the use of electrodialysis can improve the efficiency of the utilization of the ion exchange process.
China's nuclear wastewater distribution status can be understood from the following aspects:
1, nuclear power plant wastewater: China's nuclear power plant produces the main nuclear wastewater comes from the radioactive isotopes decay as well as for the cooling of the nuclear reactor and the use of water, there have been a number of nuclear power plant wastewater carried out in the low-level evaporation, activated carbon adsorption, chemical precipitation, ion exchange and membrane separation and other treatments.
2, medical wastewater: China's main source of medical wastewater is used for treatment, diagnosis of radioisotope discharges, as well as radioisotope equipment and laboratory wastewater discharges. These wastewaters usually contain radioactive substances and require specific treatment.
3, industrial wastewater: industrial wastewater in China mainly includes wastewater discharges from petrochemical, nuclear fuel processing, transportation and storage of radioactive materials. These wastewater may contain radioactive substances and need to be treated accordingly.