Ancient medical institutions and medical buildings were mostly charitable institutions for the propagation of religion, such as the Ceylon (Ceylum) Hospital and Ashoka Hospital (Asoka) in ancient India, both of which were medical institutions set up on the basis of the propagation of Buddhism. This phenomenon is also very common in Europe, in the early fifteenth century A.D., in order to spread Christianity, European churches began to establish hospitals connected with monasteries in various places. At that time, the church hospital is not only a medical institution, but also available for short-term accommodation, forming a medical, travel, temple trinity of multifunctional buildings [2]. For example, the fifth century A.D. began to create the French hospital in Lyon (HotedldiueofLyons), the initial establishment of a smaller scale, after several centuries of development, to the nineteenth century the hospital has developed into a closed courtyard building, from the plane has been a large-scale, nuns as nurses, the interior of the strong religious atmosphere.
2 modern medical building model
Early fifteenth century, the capitalist economic system began to sprout in Europe, coupled with the "Renaissance" movement and the "Reformation" movement of the impact of the political, economic, cultural and other aspects of great progress. The great progress in all aspects of politics, economy, culture and so on, also promoted the rapid development of medical level and medical technology on this basis. By the middle of the 19th century, surgical treatment had made a technological leap forward based on the successive introduction of anesthesia, sterilization, X-rays and electrocardiography. The prototype of modern medical buildings first appeared in Alpa (Aalto) early in Finland, Pamir (Paimio) design and Mendelssohn (Mendelsohn) in Haifa (Haifa) and Jerusalem design, can be seen from these two designs, modern hospitals are no longer purely dependent on the religion of the charitable institutions, which has become the main medical organization of society at that time It has become the main form of medical organization in the society at that time. It can be seen that the rapid progress of modern medicine has also contributed to the development of medical buildings, while modern medical buildings in line with the medical institutions in the professional division of medicine and nursing division of labor, personnel, equipment, according to professional centralized, the division of labor between the departments of the new characteristics of the new requirements, the use of separation of the layout of the department, the separation of the building.
2.3 modern medical building model with the further development of experimental medicine and biological testing technology to improve and improve, people are more y aware of the relationship between disease and human biological variables and changes in cellular structure, so that the biomedical model is generally accepted [3]. the end of the twentieth century, due to the psychology and sociology of the great strides, the medical model is moving from the biomedical model towards the In the 1990s, the Georgia Institute of Technology and the American Institute of Architects published "Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Hospitals and Medical Facilities", in which they put forward a deeper understanding of modern medical buildings, i.e., modern medical buildings are becoming more and more complex, specialized and centered, and have formed the "three-dimensional medical, teaching and scientific research" model. Medical, teaching, research trinity of medical centers, and in the zoning structure is more refined --- in each area, medical, patients; clean, dirt; movement, static; inside, outside the entry and exit routes are separated.
3 China's medical building design challenges
With the continuous progress of our society, science and technology is changing day by day, the hospital building is also constantly evolving, updating and expanding. Especially in recent years, people's living standards have improved significantly, the understanding of their own health is increasing, therefore, the hospital building's functional facilities, technical equipment, medical environment and other conditions of the requirements are also correspondingly increased, purely "medical" hospitals are "medical, health care, prevention, rehabilitation" complex transformation. Rehabilitation" composite transformation. Many of China's existing large hospital buildings and can not meet these needs, their construction model is basically based on the European model of BEAUNE, that is, the hospital as a whole is divided into three major parts: outpatient clinics, medical technology, inpatient department, the corresponding main building independent of each other, the other ancillary functions of the building sporadic arrangement of the model. Such a building model although the functional planning is relatively clear, but the disadvantages are also obvious, that is, the medical process line is too long, doctors, patients and their families after a long journey to reach their destinations, the formation of a huge waste of manpower.
Some new hospitals have explored new designs, putting together the three major institutions, but because of the plan layout and flow line design is not clear, so that the hospital even more into a labyrinth of buildings, so that people are physically and mentally exhausted. This is some medical building designers only consider the function of the building and ignore the physiological and psychological needs of users. Regardless of how complex the function of medical buildings, hospitals are the most fundamental or "people", no matter how large and complex the building, the main body of its services remain unchanged. The biggest difference between the building and its internal space and other basic materials is that people walk around in it, using "seeing, hearing, smelling, touching" and other bodily senses to feel the material. Many contemporary medical institutions and designers also generally recognized that the journey of modern hospital design is from "technology" to "people", is to human perception as the root of the design of "people-oriented" product of the principle of "people-oriented". The product of the principle of human perception as the basis of design "human-centered".
4Humanized design is the development trend of medical architectural design
Currently, designers engaged in medical design are under increasing pressure --- they are required to reduce the construction costs and design costs in the design, and in response to these requirements at the same time, often neglect to incorporate the human emotional factors into the design, forgetting to incorporate the human emotional factors into the design. In response to these demands, they often neglect to incorporate human emotions into their designs, forgetting the biggest users of their work - the patients. Architects can propose more efficient solutions for the management of healthcare organizations, but these solutions should not come at the expense of environmental quality and human care. At the same time, patients continue to put forward new requirements for medical institutions, medical institutions in order to win the market, we must continue to adapt to the needs of patients, to provide them with a warm and pleasant environment, comprehensive and thoughtful medical services.
At the beginning of the new century, with the further improvement of the level of medical technology, the application of new intelligent systems in medical institutions, greatly improving the medical effect. But while focusing on these new technologies and equipment, the crisis of lack of humanistic care is also hidden. For this reason, seeking a balance between medical technology, effect and emotion, and creating a medical environment full of humanistic care has become an inevitable trend in today's medical architectural design. For example, the implementation of humanized design exploration in obstetrics wards --- husband and family members accompanied by the warmth of the family of private wards, birth centers and mother and baby in the same room baby-friendly wards and so on are human-centered concepts into the architectural design paradigm, reflecting the humanistic cultural thinking to return to the strong desire of the medical architectural design. It is true that a good medical environment will have a positive impact on the quality of medical buildings. It is true that a good medical environment will have a beneficial effect on the mood of patients, families and staff.
It is obvious that a good medical environment includes the following characteristics: clear signage, clear pathways and lines of movement, good privacy, suitable temperature, beautiful natural environment, and a good view. In the design of the internal space of the medical building, the plan layout, decorative design, material application and other secularization, gardening and artistic treatment is an effective means to soften the cold feeling of high technology and penetrate the human touch. For example, the design of the ward of Inagaki Hospital in Japan also puts forward new thoughts on the emotional design of medical buildings. They through the nursing unit room two-bed room and four-bed room alternating layout and flexible furniture, so that each bed in the wards have natural lighting and good visibility, and personal privacy to get good protection, on the basis of which increased the public **** exchange area, providing public **** exchange space. This article is from Shanxi Architecture Miscellaneous magazine. The introduction of Shanxi Architecture Magazine is detailed in
5 Conclusion
In the past, most of the medical building design, the main consideration is the needs of the medical function, the physiological and psychological needs of patients, families and medical workers did not pay enough attention. With the change of the medical model and the concept of medical system, the center of medical building design is shifted from the medical technology to the users, and more attention is paid to the physiological, psychological and social needs of the users. 21st century medical building design is human-oriented, ecological environment, emphasizing the sustainable development of the design, therefore, the humanized design is the trend of contemporary medical building design.
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