1. Determine the total amount of financing The enterprise's capital needs mainly rely on its own development to form a business model of self-development and self-digestion through multiple channels for raising funds. Financing is divided into short-term financing and long-term financing. Short-term financing mainly refers to the raising of working capital; long-term financing mainly refers to the financing of fixed asset projects of more than one year. Determining the amount of capital required is mainly based on the consideration of sufficient funds. More or less will increase the burden on the enterprise. 1. Based on the development strategy of the enterprise, consider all aspects and make a comprehensive budget. The development strategy of the enterprise is to formulate the total amount of short, medium and long-term capital requirements based on the current operations and the development direction and potential of the enterprise, and achieve classification and summary , implemented in phases, and determined the structural proportions of various financing sources. 2. Determine financing and project establishment (1) Short-term financing also refers to the raising of working capital. After fully considering factors such as the procurement environment, production environment, sales environment and production cycle, the enterprise can calculate based on the output value capital rate method. The mathematical model is: working capital requirement during the forecast period = planned total output value during the forecast period × (flow in the base period The average reasonable amount of funds occupied ÷ the total industrial output value completed in the base period) × 100% × (1 - the acceleration rate of working capital turnover in the forecast period). On the basis of considering the factors of fast and slow trend of working capital turnover in historical years, the amount of working capital required can be Correct the increase or decrease within the range of plus or minus 1%, and determine the total annual working capital demand. (2) Long-term financing also refers to the financing of fixed projects. Based on the needs of expanding reproduction and development planning, the enterprise determines the quantity of equipment required for the project and determines the amount of investment. The mathematical model is: A certain equipment requirement = (unit product quota unit hour × quota improvement coefficient × planned annual output) ÷ unit The effective workbench hours of the equipment plan, the investment amount required for a certain piece of equipment = the quantity of equipment required × the unit price of the equipment. (3) Feasibility analysis of financing: After determining the total amount of funds required through the above method, conduct a cost-benefit analysis on the financing investment project, and further conduct a benefit analysis on the investment project to ensure the safety of fund recovery. No matter what kind of financing, there is a price to pay. If you raise funds blindly without a plan, the investment will not be recovered on time, and the principal and interest will not be repaid, which will bring the company to the edge of bankruptcy. Therefore, financing must go through feasibility analysis and calculation. Only then can you decide whether or not to raise the limit. First, determine the investment payback period of the project and determine the fixed costs (including financing costs) that should be amortized each year; secondly, determine the sales price and sales volume of the project products (assuming that the sales volume is equal to the production volume); thirdly, determine the changes in the project products Cost; Fourth, determine the guaranteed sales volume. The mathematical model for calculation is s0=a÷[1-i-(b÷p)]. Note: a is fixed cost, i is tax rate, b is variable cost, and p is sales. price. Breakeven sales are just a simple reproduction, sales with zero profit, so the margin of safety needs to be calculated. Fifth, determine the margin of safety. The margin of safety refers to the difference between actual or budgeted sales exceeding breakeven sales, reflecting the degree of safety of actual or expected sales, which is commonly referred to as whether you can make money or only when sales exceed the breakeven point can you make a profit. . One of the main purposes of enterprise production is to maximize profits. The mathematical model is: s1=(k1-k)÷k1. Note: k1 is actual sales, k is breakeven sales, and s1 is safety margin. After the above-mentioned quantitative cost-benefit analysis, you can basically have a clear understanding of the financing plan and make a decision on whether to raise it or not. On the basis of making full use of its own idle funds, determine the amount of external financing. 3. Determine the financing amount. Based on the above calculation process, the following factors need to be considered in the ongoing operation of the enterprise: (1) The amount that can be provided by own funds; (2) The amount that can be provided by purchasing goods on credit (then contact the supplier Funds that can be used based on consensus); (3) Funds that can be provided by bank acceptance bills; (4) External financing (mainly loans from financial institutions). After fully considering the four factors, first, determine the short-term financing amount; second, determine the long-term financing amount. 2. Implementation of Financing Strategy: According to the amount of funds required, the financing plan and program will be formulated, comprehensively considered, and implemented step by step. According to the characteristics of short-term financing and long-term financing, you can choose to issue stocks, corporate bonds, bank loans, financial leases, joint development, joint investment, etc. After approval according to the prescribed procedures, the implementation will be organized step by step according to the plan. Ensure funds are received in a timely manner and as planned.
In accordance with the principle of maximizing financing effectiveness and efficiency, up to 1 to 2 financing methods can be selected to organize and implement the total amount of funds required. The proportions of self-financing and external financing should be controlled at 30% and 70% respectively. 3. Utilization and Management of Financing: Raised funds must adhere to the principle of “dedicated funds, stored in special accounts, and separate accounting” to ensure that the raised funds are invested according to plan, purpose, and progress, so as to maximize the economic benefits of the funds. We must resolutely put an end to the occurrence of violations and illegal activities that are used for other purposes. Disrupting the use of funds will lead to planned projects not being implemented and delays in construction, and the resulting losses will be huge. 4. Repay the capital and interest raised. Be honest and trustworthy, keep your promises, and establish a good credit image and corporate image. On the basis of using the accounting subjects "long-term borrowing" and "short-term borrowing" to calculate, reflect and supervise the funds raised, a ledger for the repayment of principal and interest of the financing funds should also be established to more clearly reflect the debt situation of the enterprise. Make the enterprise's management and decision-makers constantly think about the responsibilities they bear and treat them prudently. /wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%AD%B9%E8%B5%84%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5