From the national level: vigorously break all the constraints on individual and corporate innovation, we must comprehensively deepen the reform, comprehensively reduce government and decentralization. Launch a series of policies and measures to encourage and support. Will further reduce the tax burden on small and micro enterprises, and require all levels of *** to help grassroots entrepreneurs to solve the financing difficulties, financing expensive and open up markets and other "growing pains".
"Innovation is not only technological innovation, but also includes institutional mechanism innovation, management innovation, model innovation, and deal with the relationship between *** and the market, so that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources.
From the level of economic subjects: "Innovation is the power source of development, and the main body of innovation is the enterprise." The Chinese people to "mass entrepreneurship", "grassroots entrepreneurship", to give full play to the "natural endowment" of hard work and wisdom. According to statistics, about two-thirds of new inventions and creations are made by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Small and medium-sized enterprises have the advantage of "a small boat with a good head", with unprecedented innovative spirit and strength, there is also a lack of money, lack of people, lack of markets and other bottlenecks. In order to develop and grow in the market, small and medium-sized enterprises should, on the one hand, find their own way to obtain financing and, on the other hand, need to be reasonably guided by policies that, in addition to policies such as loan relaxation and tax cuts, deepen the reform of the economic system, push forward the reform of the financial system, protect intellectual property rights, and create a fair market environment. If we can encourage a significant portion of what is arguably the world's largest labor force, or the majority of the people who have the courage to go into business, they will certainly be inspired to innovate in the face of fierce market competition. At the same time, *** can free up more energy to create an open, transparent and fair competition market, which will enable all kinds of enterprises to increase investment in innovation. Because only innovation can lead the market, can be favored by consumers.
"Let everyone with entrepreneurial aspirations have the space to start their own business, let the blood of innovation and creativity flow freely in the whole society, and let the spirit of independent development prevail among all people."
Third, we should continuously improve the quality of national and talent training, promote human capital to follow up, and more importantly, we should use the integration advantage to form a synergy and promote the organic combination of industry, academia and research.
A few rationalization suggestions for China's future scientific and technological innovationTo continue to have independent intellectual property rights based on scientific and technological creation, to catch up to pay attention to research.
Advancing our democratic politics suggests rationalization proposalsGive full play to the ingenuity of the masses of workers to carry out mass rationalization proposal activities, is to promote the democratic management of enterprises, the service of enterprise reform and development of an effective way. First, focus on the "three balances" to improve the level of democratic management with the soundness of the institutional mechanism to take into account the individualization and universality, to ensure that the effectiveness of the proposals solicited. Improve the level of democratic management of enterprises, must be rationalized through the staff to participate in the whole process of democratic management of enterprises. Adhere to the enterprise's rules and regulations, production and management plan by the masses of workers to formulate, implement and realize. To broaden the channels for workers to exercise the power of democratic management.
Rationalization proposals on how to promote cultural innovation in Xuanwu DistrictRelying on the cultural heritage of Xuanwu District, the development of folk art, to create a combination of Chinese and Western recreational projects for young and old alike.
Rationalization suggestions for *** governance of haze
It is recommended that *** invest special funds in the haze weather, the establishment of special prevention and treatment research institutions; the formation of the haze weather, prevention and treatment of the implementation of the project research, and issued to improve the program and feasibility of the conclusions of the study.
Hospitals at all levels should establish and target diseases caused by haze weather to conduct thematic research and special prevention and treatment. At the same time, a comprehensive basic research on the impact of haze on people's health, and the establishment of a sound "health emergency response mechanism" in case of haze weather, in order to prevent the occurrence of various diseases caused by haze weather and related health problems.
Beijing's jurisdiction should completely change its coal-based energy structure; high energy-consuming and highly polluting enterprises should gradually undergo technological transformation and relocation; and key polluting enterprises should be forced to shut down in order to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and other respirable particles.
Adhere to the clean energy development strategy, encourage the research and development of clean energy projects, and strongly support the promotion of clean energy projects and other efforts. Further improve the quality of fuel and reduce exhaust pollution from motor vehicles; at the same time, advocate green travel for all: reduce self-driving and encourage travel by public **** transportation.
Strictly manage dust and spills on transportation routes and construction sites, and implement round-the-clock environmental engineering monitoring of construction sites. To violate the environmental provisions of the implementation of the enterprise "strict penalties", the business leaders to implement the "accountability". In order to eliminate the occurrence of dust, in order to maximize the small cause of haze weather many "source factors" Jingdong U.S. imports Puhui Xin can reduce the haze inhalation!
Please put forward a few rationalization suggestions for China's cultural and technological innovation Yang main theme, adhere to the advanced, healthy culture.
Firmly grasp the forward direction of advanced culture, vigorously carry forward the national spirit, and prioritize the development of education and science and technology.
Vigorously develop the people's popular culture, resist vulgar cultural trends.
Promote the development of traditional Chinese culture and absorb the world's outstanding culture.
Analyze the energy situation in China and put forward rationalization suggestions
China is the largest developing country in the world today, and economic development and getting rid of poverty are the main tasks of China *** and the Chinese people for quite a long period of time. since the end of the 1970s, China, as the fastest-growing developing country in the world, has made remarkable achievements in economic and social development, and has succeeded in opened up the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, making significant contributions to the development and prosperity of the world.
China is currently the world's second largest producer and consumer of energy. The sustained growth in energy supply has provided important support for economic and social development. The rapid growth of energy consumption has created a broad development space for the world energy market. China has become an indispensable and important part of the world energy market, and is playing an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.
China *** is guided by the scientific outlook on development, accelerating the development of modern energy industry, adhering to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, placing the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in a prominent position in the development strategy of industrialization and modernization, and striving to enhance the ability of sustainable development and build an innovative country, so as to continue to make greater contributions to the development and prosperity of the world economy.
First, the current situation of energy development
Energy resources is the basis of energy development. Since the founding of New China, it has continuously increased its efforts to explore energy resources and organized many resource evaluations. China's energy resources are characterized by the following:
-- The total amount of energy resources is relatively abundant. China has relatively abundant fossil energy resources, of which coal dominates. Among them, coal plays a dominant role; in 2006, coal had retained resources of 1,034.5 billion tons, and the remaining proven recoverable reserves accounted for about 13% of the world's total, ranking third in the world. Proven reserves of oil and natural gas are relatively insufficient, and unconventional fossil energy resources such as oil shale and coalbed methane have greater potential. China has relatively rich renewable energy resources. The theoretical reserves of hydropower resources amount to 6.19 trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of annual power generation, and the economically exploitable annual power generation is about 1.76 trillion kWh, which is equivalent to 12% of the world's hydropower resources, and is ranked first in the world.
-- Per capita energy resources ownership is low. China's population is huge, and the per capita ownership of energy resources is at a low level in the world. The per capita ownership of coal and hydroelectric resources is equivalent to 50% of the world average, and the per capita resources of oil and natural gas are only about 1/15 of the world average. Arable land resources are less than 30% of the world's per capita level, restricting the development of biomass energy.
- Uneven distribution of energy resources. China's energy resources are widely distributed but uneven. Coal resources are mainly located in North China, Northwest China, hydroelectric resources are mainly distributed in Southwest China, oil, natural gas resources are mainly located in the east, central and western regions and the sea. China's major energy-consuming regions are concentrated in the economically developed regions along the southeast coast, and there are obvious differences between resource endowment and energy-consuming regions. Large-scale and long-distance transportation of coal from the north to the south, oil from the north to the south, gas from the west to the east, and electricity from the west to the east are the distinctive features of China's energy flow and the basic pattern of energy transportation.
- Energy resources development is difficult. Compared with the rest of the world, China's coal resources have poor geological mining conditions, with most of the reserves needing to be mined in wells and a very small amount available for open-pit mining. Oil and gas resources have complex geological conditions, deep burial, and high technical requirements for exploration and development. The undeveloped hydro resources are mostly concentrated in the high mountains and deep valleys in the southwestern part of the country, far away from the load center, which makes it difficult and costly to develop. Unconventional energy resources have a low degree of exploration, poor economy and lack of competitiveness.
Since the reform and opening up, China's energy industry has developed rapidly, making important contributions to guaranteeing the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, which is mainly manifested in:
- The supply capacity has been significantly improved. After decades of efforts, China has initially formed a coal as the main body, electric power as the center, oil and gas and renewable energy resources for the overall development of the energy supply pattern, basically established a more complete energy supply system. A number of mega coal mines with a capacity of 10 million tons have been built, and the total primary energy production in 2006 amounted to 2.21 billion tons of standard coal, ranking second in the world. In 2006, the total primary energy production amounted to 2.21 billion tons of standard coal, ranking second in the world, of which the raw coal production amounted to 2.37 billion tons, ranking first in the world. Several large-scale oil production bases have been built, including Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe and Tarim, and crude oil production in 2006 was 185 million tons, achieving steady growth and ranking fifth in the world. Natural gas production increased rapidly, from 14.3 billion cubic meters in 1980 to 58.6 billion cubic meters in 2006. The proportion of commercialized renewable energy in the primary energy mix has gradually increased. Electricity has developed rapidly, with installed capacity and power generation reaching 622 million kilowatts and 2.87 trillion kilowatt-hours respectively, both ranking second in the world. The comprehensive energy transportation system is developing faster, with significantly enhanced transportation capacity, the construction of a dedicated railroad line and port terminals for the eastward transportation of western coal, the formation of a pipeline network for the southward transportation of northern oil, the completion of a major trunk line for the eastward transmission of western natural gas, and the realization of the eastward transmission of western electric power and the interconnection of the regional power grids.
-- Energy saving effect is remarkable. 1980-2006, China's energy consumption with an average annual growth rate of 5.6% to support the national economy growth of 9.8%. According to the constant price in 2005, the energy consumption of 10,000 yuan GDP dropped from 3.39 tons of standard coal in 1980 to 1.21 tons of standard coal in 2006, with an average annual energy-saving rate of 3.9%, reversing the momentum of the rising energy consumption per unit of GDP in recent years. The comprehensive efficiency of energy processing, conversion, storage and transportation, and end-use was 33%, an increase of 8 percentage points over 1980. Energy consumption per unit of product has dropped significantly, with the gap between the comprehensive energy consumption of steel, cement, large-scale ammonia and other products and the coal consumption of power supply and the international advanced level narrowing.
- Consumption structure has been optimized. China's energy consumption has ranked second in the world, with total primary energy consumption amounting to 2.46 billion tons of standard coal in 2006. China attaches great importance to optimizing its energy consumption structure, with the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption dropping from 72.2% in 1980 to 69.4% in 2006, and the proportion of other energy sources rising from 27.8% to 30.6%. The proportion of renewable energy and nuclear power increased from 4.0% to 7.2%, while oil and natural gas increased. The optimization trend of terminal energy consumption structure is obvious, the proportion of coal energy converted into electricity increased from 20.7% to 49.6%, and the proportion of commodity energy and clean energy in the energy consumption of residents' life increased significantly.
- Rapid improvement in science and technology. China's energy science and technology has made remarkable achievements, and the basic research results marked by the "theory and application of land-phase oil formation" have greatly contributed to the development of petroleum geology and science and technology theories. The oil and gas industry has formed a relatively complete system of exploration and development technology, especially the exploration and development of complex blocks and the improvement of oilfield recovery rate, which are in the leading position in the international arena. The coal industry has built a number of large-scale mines with international advanced level, and the degree of comprehensive mechanization of coal mining in key coal mines has been significantly improved. In the electric power industry, advanced power generation technologies and high-capacity and high-parameter units have been widely applied, hydroelectric power plant design, engineering and equipment manufacturing technologies have reached the world's advanced level, nuclear power initially has the capacity of independent design and engineering and construction of megawatt-class pressurized water reactors, and the research and development of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and fast breeder reactors have made significant breakthroughs. Flue gas desulphurization and other pollution control, renewable energy development and utilization technologies are rapidly improving. Positive and negative 500 kV DC and 750 kV AC transmission demonstration projects have been completed and put into operation, and positive and negative 800 kV DC and 1000 kV AC ultra-high voltage transmission test demonstration projects have begun to start.
- Progress in environmental protection. China *** attaches great importance to environmental protection, strengthening environmental protection has become a basic state policy, and the environmental awareness of all walks of life has generally been raised. after the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, China organized and formulated China's Agenda 21, and comprehensively strengthened environmental protection through the use of legal, economic and other means, and has made positive progress. China's energy policy has also taken the reduction and effective management of environmental damage and pollution caused by the process of energy development and utilization as its main content. 2006, the installation rate of dust removal facilities and the compliance rate of wastewater discharge of coal-fired units reached nearly 100%, the total amount of soot emission was basically comparable to that of 1980, and the soot emission per unit of electricity was reduced by 90%. 2006, the nation's desulfurization coal-fired units that had been built and put into operation reached 1.04 million units, with an installed capacity of 1.5 million units, and the total emission rate of 1.5 million units. In 2006, the national installed capacity of desulfurization thermal power units reached 104 million kilowatts, more than the sum of the previous 10 years, equipped with desulfurization facilities accounted for the proportion of total installed thermal power units by 2% in 2000 to 30%.
- The market environment is gradually improving. China's energy market environment is gradually improving, and the reform of the energy industry is steadily advancing. Breakthroughs have been made in the reorganization of energy enterprises, and the modern enterprise system has been basically established. The main body of investment to achieve diversification, rapid growth in energy investment, the market scale continues to expand. The production and circulation of coal industry has basically realized marketization. The electric power industry has realized the separation of government and enterprises, the separation of plants and networks, and the establishment of regulatory agencies. The oil and gas industry has basically realized the integration of upstream and downstream, domestic and foreign trade. The energy price reform has been deepened and the price mechanism has been improved.
With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for energy continues to grow, and the construction of a stable, economic, clean and safe energy supply system is facing major challenges, which are highlighted in the following aspects:
-- Resource constraints are prominent, and energy efficiency is low. China's relative lack of high-quality energy resources, restricting the improvement of supply capacity; uneven distribution of energy resources, but also increased the difficulty of sustained and stable supply; crude economic growth, irrational energy structure, low level of energy technology and equipment and relatively backward level of management, resulting in a unit of gross domestic product energy consumption and the main energy-consuming products higher than the average level of major energy-consuming countries, and further exacerbate the contradiction between energy supply and demand. This has further aggravated the contradiction between energy supply and demand. Relying solely on increasing energy supply, it is difficult to meet the continuously growing consumption demand.
- Energy consumption is dominated by coal, increasing environmental pressure. Coal is the main source of energy in China, and the coal-based energy structure will be difficult to change for a long time to come. The relatively backward way of coal production and consumption has increased the pressure of environmental protection. Coal consumption is the main cause of soot-type air pollution and the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. With the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles in China, air pollution in some cities has become a mixture of soot and motor vehicle exhaust. The continuation of this situation will bring more pressure on the ecological environment.
- The market system is not perfect, and the emergency response capability needs to be strengthened. China's energy market system needs to be improved, and the energy price mechanism fails to fully reflect the scarcity of resources, supply and demand, and environmental costs. The order of energy resources exploration and development needs to be further standardized, and the energy regulatory system needs to be improved. Coal mine production safety debt is relatively large, the power grid structure is not reasonable enough, the oil reserve capacity is insufficient, effective response to energy supply disruptions and major emergencies in the early warning and emergency response system needs to be further improved and strengthened.
Reference: Grun Clean Energy Network
A rationalization proposal for China's enterprises to improve their innovation abilityFirst, vigorously cultivate the enterprise innovation environment
Second, to strengthen the innovation of collaboration
Third, follow the intrinsic regularity of enterprise innovation
Fourth, to increase the capital investment in research and development
Fifth, the correct treatment of independent innovation and the introduction of the relationship between absorption and re-innovation, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of the relationship
Six, adhere to the people-oriented
You combined with a put forward a line on the line ~ I hope to adopt it ~
Please put forward rationalization proposals for our country to overcome these difficulties and risksnot to abandon, not to give up, work together, all together, with the spirit of sacrifice to resist the difficulties of all external factors! For example, the Sichuan earthquake; for example, the snowstorm in Hunan!